scholarly journals Tropical tropospheric ozone column retrieval for GOME-2

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 727-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Valks ◽  
N. Hao ◽  
S. Gimeno Garcia ◽  
D. Loyola ◽  
M. Dameris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
Ozone Column

Abstract. This paper presents the operational retrieval of tropical tropospheric ozone columns (TOC) from the Second Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-2) instruments using the convective-cloud-differential (CCD) method. The retrieval is based on total ozone and cloud property data provided by the GOME Data Processor (GDP) 4.7, and uses above-cloud and clear-sky ozone column measurements to derive a monthly mean TOC between 20° N and 20° S. Validation of the GOME-2 TOC with several tropical ozonesonde sites shows good agreement, with a high correlation between the GOME-2 and sonde measurements, and small biases within ~ 3 DU. The TOC data have been used in combination with tropospheric NO2 measurements from GOME-2 to analyse the effect of the 2009–2010 El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the tropospheric ozone distribution in the tropics. El-Niño induced dry conditions in September–October 2009 resulted in relatively high tropospheric ozone columns over the southern Indian Ocean and northern Australia, while La Niña conditions in September–October 2010 resulted in a strong increase in tropospheric NO2 in South America, and enhanced ozone in the eastern Pacific and South America. Comparisons of the GOME-2 tropospheric ozone data with simulations of the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model for 2009 El Nino conditions, illustrate the usefulness of the GOME-2 TOC measurements in evaluating chemistry climate models. Evaluation of CCMs with appropriate satellite observations helps to identify strengths and weaknesses of the model systems, providing a better understanding of driving mechanisms and adequate relations and feedbacks in the Earth atmosphere, and finally leading to improved models.

scholarly journals Tropical tropospheric ozone column retrieval for GOME-2

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2513-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Valks ◽  
N. Hao ◽  
S. Gimeno Garcia ◽  
D. Loyola ◽  
M. Dameris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Tropospheric No2 ◽  
Ozone Column

Abstract. This paper presents the operational retrieval of tropical tropospheric ozone columns (TOCs) from the Second Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-2) instruments using the convective-cloud-differential (CCD) method. The retrieval is based on total ozone and cloud property data provided by the GOME Data Processor (GDP) 4.7, and uses above-cloud and clear-sky ozone column measurements to derive a monthly mean TOC between 20° N and 20° S. Validation of the GOME-2 TOC with several tropical ozonesonde sites shows good agreement, with a high correlation between the GOME-2 and sonde measurements, and small biases within ~ 3 DU. The TOC data have been used in combination with tropospheric NO2 measurements from GOME-2 to analyse the effect of the 2009–2010 El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the tropospheric ozone distribution in the tropics. El Niño induced dry conditions in September–October 2009 resulted in relatively high tropospheric ozone columns over the southern Indian Ocean and northern Australia, while La Niña conditions in September–October 2010 resulted in a strong increase in tropospheric NO2 in South America, and enhanced ozone in the eastern Pacific and South America. Comparisons of the GOME-2 tropospheric ozone data with simulations of the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model for 2009 El Niño conditions illustrate the usefulness of the GOME-2 TOC measurements in evaluating chemistry climate models (CCMs). Evaluation of CCMs with appropriate satellite observations helps to identify strengths and weaknesses of the model systems, providing a better understanding of driving mechanisms and adequate relations and feedbacks in the Earth atmosphere, and finally leading to improved models.

scholarly journals Isolated Effects of Indian Ocean Basin-Wide and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on Austral Winter Rainfall over South America

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1605
Author(s):  
Mary T. Kayano ◽  
Wilmar L. Cerón ◽  
Rita V. Andreoli ◽  
Rodrigo A. F. Souza ◽  
Itamara P. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South America ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Partial Correlations

Contrasting effects of the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans on the atmospheric circulation and rainfall interannual variations over South America during southern winter are assessed considering the effects of the warm Indian Ocean basin-wide (IOBW) and El Niño (EN) events, and of the cold IOBW and La Niña events, which are represented by sea surface temperature-based indices. Analyses are undertaken using total and partial correlations. When the effects of the two warm events are isolated from each other, the contrasts between the associated rainfall anomalies in most of South America become accentuated. In particular, EN relates to anomalous wet conditions, and the warm IOBW event to opposite conditions in extensive areas of the 5° S–25° S band. These effects in the 5° S–15° S sector are due to the anomalous regional Hadley cells, with rising motions in this band for the EN and sinking motions for the warm IOBW event. Meanwhile, in subtropical South America, the opposite effects of the EN and warm IOBW seem to be due to the presence of anomalous anticyclone and cyclone and associated moisture transport, respectively. These opposite effects of the warm IOBW and EN events on the rainfall in part of central South America might explain the weak rainfall relation in this region to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Our results emphasize the important role of the tropical Indian Ocean in the South American climate and environment during southern winter.

scholarly journals Breaking out of the comfort zone: El Niño-Southern Oscillation as a driver of trophic flows in a benthic consumer of the Humboldt Current ecosystem

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1857) ◽  
pp. 20170923 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Riascos ◽  
Marco A. Solís ◽  
Aldo S. Pacheco ◽  
Manuel Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Humboldt Current

The trophic flow of a species is considered a characteristic trait reflecting its trophic position and function in the ecosystem and its interaction with the environment. However, climate patterns are changing and we ignore how patterns of trophic flow are being affected. In the Humboldt Current ecosystem, arguably one of the most productive marine systems, El Niño-Southern Oscillation is the main source of interannual and longer-term variability. To assess the effect of this variability on trophic flow we built a 16-year series of mass-specific somatic production rate (P/B) of the Peruvian scallop ( Argopecten purpuratus ), a species belonging to a former tropical fauna that thrived in this cold ecosystem. A strong increase of the P/B ratio of this species was observed during nutrient-poor, warmer water conditions typical of El Niño, owing to the massive recruitment of fast-growing juvenile scallops. Trophic ecology theory predicts that when primary production is nutrient limited, the trophic flow of organisms occupying low trophic levels should be constrained (bottom-up control). For former tropical fauna thriving in cold, productive upwelling coastal zones, a short time of low food conditions but warm waters during El Niño could be sufficient to waken their ancestral biological features and display massive proliferations.

scholarly journals Precipitação na América do Sul: Médias Climáticas e Padrões da Variabilidade no Período entre 1979 e 2008

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 032
Author(s):  
Éder Leandro Maier ◽  
Juliana Costi ◽  
Sandra Barreira ◽  
Jefferson Cardia Simões
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
North Atlantic Variability

Este artigo discute os principais padrões médios e anômalos da precipitação sobre a América do Sul no período 1979–2008. Para isso foram manipulados dados mensais da precipitação observada em 890 estações meteorológicas localizadas na Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai ao longo desse período de trinta anos. As médias climáticas foram subtraídas das amostras, originando as anomalias, as quais foram agrupadas por meio da Análise das Componentes Principais em dois modos. No modo T se identificou 6 componentes principais, que explicam 35% da variância e representam 12 padrões espaciais anômalos originados, principalmente, pelo fenômeno El Niño–Oscilação Sul (ENOS) e pela variabilidade do Atlântico Norte. No modo S foram identificadas 8 zonas em que a variabilidade temporal das séries anômalas é semelhante, sendo que o ENOS prevalece no controle das anomalias nas zonas situadas na região equatorial e extratropical, além disso, a variabilidade do Atlântico Norte pode maximizar ou minimizar os impactos do ENOS. A frequência de recorrência desses estresses hídrico variam entre 20 e 60 meses.  This article discusses mean and anomalous rainfall patterns over South America in the period 1979–2008. For that we handled monthly precipitation data observed at 890 meteorological stations located in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay over this thirty years period. Climatic means were subtracted from the data, resulting in anomalies that were grouped by Principal Component Analysis in two modes. We identified 6 main components in the T mode, which explain 35% of the variance and represent 12 anomalous spatial patterns originated mainly by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and the North Atlantic variability. In mode S, we identified eight zones where the series temporal variability is also anomalous, and the ENOS prevails as the anomalies controller in the equatorial and extra tropical regions. Further, North Atlantic variability may maximize or minimize the ENSO impact. The frequency of these recurrent water stresses range from 20 to 60 months. Keywords: Precipitation, South America, PCA  

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