scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the long-range transport of the 2015 Calbuco volcanic eruption from ground-based and space-borne observations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Bègue ◽  
Lerato Shikwambana ◽  
Hassan Bencherif ◽  
Juan Pallota ◽  
Venkataraman Sivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
South America ◽  
South African ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
The South ◽  
African Region ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. This study investigates the influence of the 2015 Calbuco eruption (41.2° S, 72.4° W; Chile) on the total columnar aerosol optical properties over the Southern Hemisphere. The well-known technic of sunphotometry was applied for investigation of the transport and the spatio-temporal evolution of the optical properties of the volcanic plume. The CIMEL sunphotometer measurements performed at 6 South American and 3 African sites were statistically analyzed. This study involves the use of the satellite observations and a back-trajectory model. The passage of the Calbuco plume is statistically detectable on the aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations obtained from sunphotometers and MODIS. This statistical detection confirms that the majority of the plume was transported over the northeastern parts of South America and reached the South African region one week following the eruption. The plume has impacted to a lesser extent the southern parts of South America. The highest AOD anomalies were observed over the northeastern parts of the South America. Over the South African sites, the AOD anomalies induced by the spread of the plume were quite homogeneously distributed between the east and west coast. The optical characteristics of the plume near source region was consistent with a bearing-ash plume. Conversely, the remote sites to the Calbuco volcano were influenced by ash-free plume. The optical properties discuss on this paper will be used as inputs for numerical models for further investigation on the ageing of the Calbuco plume in a forthcoming study.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the long-range transport of the 2015 Calbuco volcanic plume from ground-based and space-borne observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Bègue ◽  
Lerato Shikwambana ◽  
Hassan Bencherif ◽  
Juan Pallotta ◽  
Venkataraman Sivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
South America ◽  
South African ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
The South ◽  
African Region ◽  
Sun Photometer

Abstract. This study investigates the influence of the 2015 Calbuco eruption (41.2∘ S, 72.4∘ W; Chile) on the total columnar aerosol optical properties over the Southern Hemisphere. The well-known technic of sun photometry was applied for the investigation of the transport and spatio-temporal evolution of the optical properties of the volcanic plume. The CIMEL sun photometer measurements performed at six South American and three African sites were statistically analysed. This study involves the use of the satellite observations and a back-trajectory model. The passage of the Calbuco plume is statistically detectable in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations obtained from sun photometer and MODIS observations. This statistical detection confirms that the majority of the plume was transported over the northeastern parts of South America and reached the South African region 1 week after the eruption. The plume impacted the southern parts of South America to a lesser extent. The highest AOD anomalies were observed over the northeastern parts of South America. Over the South African sites, the AOD anomalies induced by the spread of the plume were quite homogeneously distributed between the east and west coasts. The optical characteristics of the plume near the source region were consistent with an ash-bearing plume. Conversely, sites further from the Calbuco volcano were influenced by ash-free plume. The optical properties discussed in this paper will be used as inputs for numerical models for further investigation of the ageing of the Calbuco plume in a forthcoming study.

scholarly journals Global horizontal irradiation: spatio-temporal variability on a regional scale in the south of the Pampeana region (Argentina)

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-233
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Fernández ◽  
Jorge Osvaldo Gentili ◽  
Ana Casado ◽  
Alicia María Campo
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The South ◽  
Monsoon System ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Dynamics Of Action

The objective of this work is to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) on a regional scale and its relationship with frequent synoptic situations in the south of the Pampeana region (Argentina). It was verified that the latitudinal pattern of distribution of the GHI is modified in the region by cloud cover, which is in turn determined by the seasonal dynamics of action centers and the passage of fronts in summer and winter. The South America Monsoon System (SAMS) defines differential situations of cloudiness and rainfall in the region, which affect GHI. GHI increased successively between the decades 1981–2010, a factor associated with the variability of rainfall that characterizes the region.

scholarly journals V.—The Fauna of the Bokkeveld Beds

1907 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Cowper Reed
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
South African ◽  
The South ◽  
Poor State ◽  
Working Hypotheses ◽  
Made In

It is useful from time to time to take stock of our knowledge in connection with such a geological problem as that of the fauna of the Bokkeveld Beds, so that we may ascertain to what stage in the process of its elucidation we have arrived, and may note the direction in which the evidence is pointing. An indication of the principal gaps in our knowledge may also be obtained in this manner, and new suggestions as to the more promising lines of investigation. The conclusions arrived at from such a survey may be employed tentatively as working hypotheses, but it may be premature to base upon them confident generalisations. Approaching the question of the composition, relations, origin, and distribution of the Bokkeveld fauna in this spirit of caution and with the foregoing objects in view, we find firstly that a considerable advance has been made in our knowledge of it and allied faunas during the last few years. The researches of Ulrich, Kayser, Clarke, Katzer, Thomas, and others in South America have given us an immense amount of fresh information on the Devonian faunas of that continent, and the South African fossils themselves have been studied by Lake, Schwarz, and the author. Their general poor state of preservation is a matter of regret, but the increase in the material available has cleared away some of the difficulties met with by Salter and other previous workers. Much undoubtedly remains to be learnt from work in the field, and we may expect further yields of new species from different localities in the immense area still to be explored.

scholarly journals Industry strategies in the parliamentary process of adopting a sugar-sweetened beverage tax in South Africa: a systematic mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safura Abdool Karim ◽  
Petronell Kruger ◽  
Karen Hofman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
The South ◽  
African Region ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Industry Response

Abstract Background In 2016, the South African government became the first in the African region to announce the introduction of an SSB tax based on sugar content as a public health measure to reduce obesity. This tax was introduced against the backdrop of South Africa having a large sugar production and SSB manufacturing industry, as well as very high unemployment rates. The introduction of fiscal measures, such as a SSB tax, has been met with well-coordinated and funded opposition in other countries. Methods The aim of this study is to describe and analyse the arguments and strategies utilised by industry during policymaking processes to oppose regulatory actions in LMIC. This study analyses arguments and strategies used by the beverage and related industries during the public consultation phase of the process to adopt the South African SSB tax. Results Industry opposition to the SSB tax was comprehensive and employed several tactics. First, industry underscored its economic importance and the potential job losses and other economic harms that may arise from the tax. This argument was well-received by policymakers, and similar to industry tactics employed in other middle income countries like Mexico. Second, industry discussed self-regulation and voluntary measures as a form of policy substitution, which mirrors industry responses in the US, the Caribbean and Latin America. Third, industry misused or disputed evidence to undermine the perceived efficacy of the tax. Finally, considerations for small business and their ability to compete with multi-national corporations were a unique feature of industry response. Conclusions Industry opposition followed both general trends, and also introduced nuanced and context-specific arguments. The industry response experienced in South Africa can be instructive for other countries contemplating the introduction of similar measures.

scholarly journals A review of accounting research in internationalising journals in the South African region

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charl J. De Villiers ◽  
Pei-Chi K. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
South African Journal ◽  
The South ◽  
African Region ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
African Journal

Background: This study analyses the accounting research articles published by South African journals.Aim and setting: A review of accounting research in internationalising journals in the South African region that publish accounting research.Methods: The characteristics of accounting articles were analysed. Five journals were analysed, including the four internationalising journals, Investment Analysts Journal, Meditari Accountancy Research, South African Journal of Business Management, and South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences and one local journal, South African Journal of Accounting Research (SAJAR).Results: The findings of this study will be of interest to journal editors, authors who would like their research to make an impact and be cited, as well as university research administrators and government higher education policy-makers.Conclusion: The analyses show that many of the highly cited articles have been published recently, boding well for the citation statistics of these journals in future and indicating some success in their efforts to internationalise. The citations of SAJAR lag behind the citations of the internationalising journals. Each journal publishes articles that cover different subject area(s). Within accounting research, accounting education and social and environmental accounting are popular areas of research, whereas taxation; the public sector; and management accounting are not well represented among published articles during 2015–2016 in these five journals. About half of all accounting articles claim their insights will contribute to the accounting literature, with much smaller percentages claiming to contribute to management, policy-making and practice. The most prolific authors and most prominent universities to some extent follow the most popular subject areas, with a social and environmental researcher, Warren Maroun, featuring strongly, and his university, the University of the Witwatersrand, being prominent. Large proportions of authors of 2015–2016 articles are from outside of Africa, speaking to the success of the internationalisation efforts of the internationalising journals, whereas SAJAR mostly publishes articles by African authors.

Comparative biogeography and biology of the South American locust, Schistocerca cancellata(Serville), and the south african desert locust, s. gregaria flaviventris(Burmeister) (Orthoptera: Acrididae): a review

1986 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Waloff ◽  
D. E. Pedgley
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
South America ◽  
South African ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
South American ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
The South ◽  
Breeding Migration ◽  
And Migration

AbstractA comparison is made of the distribution, breeding, migration and population dynamics of Schistocerca cancellata (Serville) in South America and S. gregaria flaviventris (Burmeister) in southern Africa. The annual patterns of breeding and migration are strongly influenced by the weather and its seasonal variations. Breeding is confined to the summer rains, and outbreak regions lie in the driest parts of the distribution areas, where habitats are unstable but where high reproductive capacity allows the occasionally abundant rains to lead to plagues. The long dry season is passed in the mobile, downwind-displacing adult stage, survival being assisted by flexibility of rates of sexual maturation and of egg development. Some comparisons are made with S. gregaria gregaria (Forskål).

scholarly journals Constitutional experience in formalizing the spheres of interaction between the chambers of parliaments of the countries of the South African Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Anna A. Bezuglya ◽  
Ekaterina A. Kulishenko ◽  
Olga V. Lepeshkina ◽  
Ludmila I. Nikonova ◽  
Karina V. Shamaeva
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
The South ◽  
African Region

This article presents the results of a comparative legal analysis of the constitutions of the countries of South Africa regarding the consolidation of the constitutional spheres of interaction of the chambers of parliaments in them. The study showed that the typical (universal) areas of interaction between the chambers of parliament include: the legislative sphere; the security sphere and the control sphere. The international sphere, which involves the interaction of the chamber of parliament on the ratification of international treaties (Eswatini, South Africa), is atypical for the states of the studied group of countries. We concluded during the study that the typical and atypical areas of interaction between the chambers of parliament in the South Africa reflect both the established practice and the independent approaches of states to the constitutional formalization of the joint powers of the chambers of parliament.

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