scholarly journals Impacts of boundary layer turbulence and land surface process parameterizations on simulated sea breeze characteristics

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 2303-2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Miao ◽  
K. Wyser ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
H. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Surface Process ◽  
Vertical Circulation ◽  
Land Surface Process ◽  
Swedish West Coast ◽  
Boundary Layer Turbulence

Abstract. This paper investigates the sensitivity of sea breeze (SB) simulations to combinations of boundary-layer turbulence and land-surface process parameterizations implemented in the MM5 mesoscale meteorological mode for an observed SB case over the Swedish west coast. Various combinations from four different planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes [Blackadar, Gayno-Seaman (GS), Eta, MRF], and two land surface model (LSM) schemes (SLAB, Noah) with different complexity are designed to simulate a typical SB case over the Swedish west coast. The simulations are conducted using two-way interactively nested grids. Simulated 10-m winds are compared against observed near-surface wind data from the GÖTE2001 campaign to examine the diurnal cycle of wind direction and speed for SB timing. The SB (vertical) circulation is also compared in the different experiments. The results show that the different combinations of PBL and LSM parameterization schemes result in different SB timing and vertical circulation characteristics. All experiments predict a delayed SB. The vertical component of the SB circulation varies in the experiments, among which the GS PBL scheme produces the strongest SB circulation. Evident differences between the SLAB and Noah LSMs are also found, especially in maximum of updraft and downdraft velocities of the SB vertical circulation. The results have significant implications for convective initiation, air quality studies and other environmental problems in coastal areas.

scholarly journals Study of the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer in Sea Breeze Conditions Using Different Parameterizations: Application of the WRF Model in the Greater Vitória Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 593-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadir Salvador ◽  
◽  
Ayres G. Loriato ◽  
Alexandre Santiago ◽  
Taciana T.A. Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Internal Boundary Layer ◽  
Internal Boundary ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Thermal Internal Boundary Layer ◽  
Local Closure

Abstract In the present study, the physical parameterizations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are verified for making accurate inferences about the dynamics of the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer (TIBL) generated by sea breeze in an urban center with an island in a bay along a coastal region with rugged topography. The simulations were performed using parameterizations from Yonsei University (YSU), Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ) and Asymmetric Convective Model version 2 (ACM2) for the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and Noah and Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) for the Land Surface Model (LSM). The data inferred by the WRF model were compared with those obtained by a Surface Meteorological Station (SMS) and by measurements generated using Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) and radiosonde. The simulations showed that although the object of this research was a region with high geographical complexity, the YSU parameterization set (non-local closure) for the ABL and the Noah parameterization for the LSM presented satisfactory results in determining ABL height generated by the sea breeze on the day in question.

scholarly journals High-resolution fully-coupled atmospheric–hydrological modeling: a cross-compartment regional water and energy cycle evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fersch ◽  
Alfonso Senatore ◽  
Bianca Adler ◽  
Joël Arnault ◽  
Matthias Mauder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Ground Heat Flux ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fully Coupled ◽  
Regional Water

<p>The land surface and the atmospheric boundary layer are closely intertwined with respect to the exchange of water, trace gases and energy. Nonlinear feedback and scale dependent mechanisms are obvious by observations and theories. Modeling instead is often narrowed to single compartments of the terrestrial system or bound to traditional viewpoints of definite scientific disciplines. Coupled terrestrial hydrometeorological modeling systems attempt to overcome these limitations to achieve a better integration of the processes relevant for regional climate studies and local area weather prediction. We examine the ability of the hydrologically enhanced version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-Hydro) to reproduce the regional water cycle by means of a two-way coupled approach and assess the impact of hydrological coupling with respect to a traditional regional atmospheric model setting. It includes the observation-based calibration of the hydrological model component (offline WRF-Hydro) and a comparison of the classic WRF and the fully coupled WRF-Hydro models both with identical calibrated parameter settings for the land surface model (Noah-MP). The simulations are evaluated based on extensive observations at the pre-Alpine Terrestrial Environmental Observatory (TERENO Pre-Alpine) for the Ammer (600 km²) and Rott (55 km²) river catchments in southern Germany, covering a five month period (Jun–Oct 2016).</p><p>The sensitivity of 7 land surface parameters is tested using the <em>Latin-Hypercube One-factor-At-a-Time</em> (LH-OAT) method and 6 sensitive parameters are subsequently optimized for 6 different subcatchments, using the Model-Independent <em>Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis software</em> (PEST).</p><p>The calibration of the offline WRF-Hydro leads to Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies between 0.56 and 0.64 and volumetric efficiencies between 0.46 and 0.81 for the six subcatchments. The comparison of classic WRF and fully coupled WRF-Hydro shows only tiny alterations for radiation and precipitation but considerable changes for moisture- and energy fluxes. By comparison with TERENO Pre-Alpine observations, the fully coupled model slightly outperforms the classic WRF with respect to evapotranspiration, sensible and ground heat flux, near surface mixing ratio, temperature, and boundary layer profiles of air temperature. The subcatchment-based water budgets show uniformly directed variations for evapotranspiration, infiltration excess and percolation whereas soil moisture and precipitation change randomly.</p>

scholarly journals An overview of the LOess Plateau mesa region land surface process field EXperiment series (LOPEXs)

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wen ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
Z. G. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Surface Process ◽  
Land Surface Process ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Chinese Loess Plateau

Abstract. A series of land surface process field experiments were carried out in a mesa region of the Chinese Loess Plateau in each of the years from 2004 to 2008 (acronymized as LOPEX04, LOPEX08, etc.). The general objectives of this series of experiments, observational data sets, and preliminary science results are presented in this paper. The prospective research topics by using the LOPEXs data sets are discussed.

The simulation of land surface process with MODIS data in Haihe basin, China

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Gao ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Xiaoming Cao ◽  
Maosi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Process ◽  
Land Surface Process ◽  
Modis Data

scholarly journals Integration of Lidar Data into a Coupled Mesoscale–Land Surface Model: A Theoretical Assessment of Sensitivity of Urban–Coastal Mesoscale Circulations to Urban Canopy Parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carter ◽  
J. Marshall Shepherd ◽  
Steve Burian ◽  
Indu Jeyachandran
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Mesoscale Circulations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Weather

Abstract Urban–coastal circulations affect urban weather, dispersion and transport of pollutants and contaminants, and climate. Proper characterization and prediction of thermodynamic and dynamic processes in such environments are warranted. A new generation of observation and modeling systems is enabling unprecedented characterization of the three-dimensionality of the urban environment, including morphological parameters. Urban areas of Houston, Texas, are classified according to lidar-measured building heights and assigned typical urban land surface parameters appropriate to each classification. The lidar data were degraded from 1 m to the model resolution (1 km) with the goal of evaluating the impact of degraded resolution urban canopy parameters (UCPs) and three-dimensionality on the coastal–urban mesoscale circulations in comparison to typical two-dimensional urban slab approaches. The study revealed complex interactions between the sea breeze and urban heat island and offers a novel diagnostic tool, the bulk Richardson shear number, for identifying shallow mesoscale circulation. Using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (ARW-WRF) coupled to an atmosphere–land surface–urban canopy model, the authors simulated a theoretical sea-breeze day and confirmed that while coastal morphology can itself lead to complex sea-breeze front structures, including preferred areas of vertical motion, the urban environment can have an impact on the evolution of the sea-breeze mesoscale boundary. The inclusion of lidar-derived UCPs, even at degraded resolution, in the model’s land surface representation can lead to significant differences in patterns of skin surface temperature, convergence, and vertical motion, which have implications for many aspects of urban weather.

scholarly journals Intercomparison of land surface process modelling in Asian drylands

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Jun Asanuma ◽  
Dennis Ojima ◽  
Ailikun ◽  
Kazuaki Yorozu
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Process Modelling ◽  
Surface Process ◽  
Land Surface Process
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