scholarly journals The combined effects of nitrification inhibitor and biochar incorporation on yield-scaled N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from an intensively managed vegetable field in southeastern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 15185-15214 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
C. H. Fan ◽  
Z. Q. Xiong ◽  
Q. L. Li ◽  
M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Vegetable Field ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Treatments ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Vegetable Yield ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Abstract. The influences of nitrification inhibitor (NI) and biochar incorporation on yield-scaled N2O in a vegetable field were studied using the static chamber method and gas chromatography. An experiment was conducted in an intensively managed vegetable field with 7 consecutive vegetable crops in 2012–2014 in southeastern China. With equal annual amounts of N (1217.3 kg N ha−1 yr−1), 6 treatments under 3 biochar amendment rates, namely, 0 t ha−1 (C0), 20 t ha−1 (C1), and 40 t ha−1 (C2), with compound fertilizer (CF) or urea mixed with chlorinated pyridine (CP) as NI, were studied in these field experiments. The results showed that although no significant influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) content or total nitrogen (TN), CP could result in a significant increase in soil pH during the experimental period. CP significantly decreased cumulative N2O emissions by 15.9–32.1% while increasing vegetable yield by 9.8–41.9%. Thus, it also decreased yield-scaled N2O emissions significantly. In addition to the differential responses of the soil pH, biochar amendment significantly increased SOC and TN. Additionally, compared with the treatments without biochar addition, cumulative N2O emissions showed no significant difference in the CF or the CP group treatments but increased slightly (but not significantly) by 7.9–18.3% in the CP group treatments. Vegetable yield was enhanced by 7.1–49.5% compared with the treatments without biochar amendment, and the yield-scaled N2O emissions were thus decreased significantly. Furthermore, treatments applied with CP and biochar incorporation slightly increased yield-scaled N2O emissions by 9.4%, on average, compared with CP-C0. Therefore, the incorporation of CP could serve as an appropriate practice for increasing vegetable yield and mitigating N2O emissions in intensively managed vegetable fields and should be further examined in various agroecosystems.

scholarly journals The combined effects of nitrification inhibitor and biochar incorporation on yield-scaled N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from an intensively managed vegetable field in southeastern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2003-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
C. H. Fan ◽  
Z. Q. Xiong ◽  
Q. L. Li ◽  
M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Vegetable Field ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Treatments ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Vegetable Yield ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Abstract. An experiment was conducted to study the influences of nitrification inhibitor (NI) and biochar incorporation on yield-scaled N2O using the static chamber method and gas chromatography in an intensively managed vegetable field with seven consecutive vegetable crops from 2012 to 2014 in southeastern China. With an equal annual nitrogen (N) application rate (1217 kg N ha-1 yr-1), six treatments under three biochar amendment rates – namely, 0 t ha-1 (C0), 20 t ha-1 (C1) and 40 t ha-1 (C2) – with compound fertilizer (CF) or urea mixed with NI of nitrapyrin as chlorinated pyridine (CP) were studied in these field experiments. The results showed that, although there was no significant influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) content or total nitrogen (TN), nitrapyrin could result in a significant increase in soil pH during the experimental period. Nitrapyrin significantly decreased cumulative N2O emissions by 15.9–32.1% while increasing vegetable yield by 9.8–41.9%. Thus, it also decreased yield-scaled N2O emissions significantly. In addition to the differential responses of the soil pH, biochar amendment significantly increased SOC and TN. Compared with the treatments without biochar addition, the cumulative N2O emissions showed no significant difference in the CF or the CP group treatments but increased slightly (not significantly) by 7.9–18.3% in the CP group treatments. Vegetable yield was enhanced by 7.1–49.5% in the CF group treatments compared with the treatments without biochar amendment, while there was no significant difference in the CP group treatments, and the yield-scaled N2O emissions were thus decreased significantly. Furthermore, treatments involving with nitrapyrin and biochar incorporation slightly increased yield-scaled N2O emissions by 9.4%, on average, compared with CP-C0. Therefore, the application of nitrapyrin could serve as an appropriate practice for increasing vegetable yield and mitigating N2O emissions in intensively managed vegetable fields and should be further examined in various agroecosystems.

Optimal biochar amendment rate reduced the yield-scaled N2O emissions from Ultisols in an intensive vegetable field in South China

2020 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 138161
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Weihao Huang ◽  
Lars Elsgaard ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Zhenyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Vegetable Field ◽  
Biochar Amendment

scholarly journals Autumn Leaf Litter and Its Biochar Amendment on Soil Nitrous Oxide Emission, Plant Growth, and Nutrient Uptake of Komatsuna and Spinach Grown in Potted Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Oo ◽  
Khin Thuar Win ◽  
Daniel Basalirwa ◽  
Takeru Gonai ◽  
Shigeto Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Autumn Leaf ◽  
Vegetable Yield ◽  
Vegetable Soils ◽  
Biochar Amendment

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of fallen leaf litter and its biochar amendment on vegetable growth and N2O emissions from two successive vegetable crops. Four treatments; 1) control (no amendment), 2) leaf litter, 3) leaf litter biochar, and 4) combination of leaf litter and biochar were established before planting the first crop (komatsuna) but no additional amendment was done for the second crop (spinach) to assess the residual effects of the treatments. The results showed that application of leaf litter either alone or combined with biochar significantly decreased vegetable yields and nutrient uptake while increasing N2O emissions from both crops. Conversion of leaf litter to biochar and its amendment showed no significant differences in vegetable yield, but nutrient uptake was improved when compared with the control. Biochar amendment significantly reduced soil N2O emission in the first crop but no significant effect was observed in the successive spinach crop although the amount emitted was less compared with the control. Therefore, conversion of municipal leaf litter to biochar and its amendment to vegetable soils will be one of the best solutions for reducing soil N2O emission while maintaining vegetable yield.

scholarly journals Low pH of a High Carbon Gleysol Contributes to Nitrification Inhibition Resulting in Low N2O Soil Emissions and Limited Effectiveness of Nitrification Inhibitors

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Terry J. Rose ◽  
Lee J. Kearney ◽  
Lukas Van Zwieten ◽  
Michael T. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Limited Effectiveness

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, and drained tropical/subtropical wetland soils that are high in carbon (C) make a substantial contribution to global anthropogenic N2O emissions. However, we previously reported negligible N2O emissions from an acidic, C-rich Gleysol under aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the subtropics despite ample moisture and fertiliser nitrogen (N). In a field experiment, seasonal cumulative N2O emissions in the field following the application of 90 kg ha−1 N as urea were low (0.15 kg N2O-N ha−1·season−1). An incubation study examining the effects of temperature (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) and water-filled pore space (WFPS; 40% vs. 60%) on N transformations showed that incubation temperature had a larger influence on nitrification than WFPS (40% vs. 60%). There was limited nitrification at 20 °C at either WFPS over 30 days, but low concentrations of NO3− (<100 mg kg−1) began to accumulate between 16–23 days at 30 °C and between 23–30 days at 25 °C. Liming soil resulted in nitrification after 10 days, while only minor nitrification was evident in the unlimed soil. The presence of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) with urea delayed nitrification for up to 4 days in the limed soil, suggesting such inhibitors may not provide substantial benefits in high C soils. Our results suggest that a low soil pH contributes to impaired nitrification in the C-rich Gleysol examined, which is associated with low fluxes of N2O in the field. We suggest that soil pH could potentially be manipulated to sustain low rates of nitrification and lower N losses, without compromising crop growth.

scholarly journals Increasing soil pH reduces fertiliser derived N2O emissions in intensively managed temperate grassland

2021 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 107319
Author(s):  
Ognjen Žurovec ◽  
David P. Wall ◽  
Fiona P. Brennan ◽  
Dominika J. Krol ◽  
Patrick J. Forrestal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Intensively Managed

scholarly journals Intrabasin Floral Differences in the Sonoran Desert; a case study from the Casa Grande Valley

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Garcia ◽  
Sarah Gabriele ◽  
Benjamin Cowgill ◽  
Xavier Rodriguez ◽  
Robert J Gay
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Floral Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Expected Values

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine what floral differences exist in North Mountain Park and Casa Grande Mountain Park which are both located on opposite sides of the Casa Grande Valley, Pinal County, Arizona and to attempt to explain any measured differences. Previous authors have proposed several explanations for floral variation within the Sonoran Desert including elevation, soil pH, and mineral content. This study explicitly tests several of these proposed mechanisms for determining community composition. Methods: The floral composition was measured in both North Mountain Park and Casa Grande Mountain Park through a series of transects which were sampled by multiple times in 2012 and 2013. Elevation data soil pH were also sampled. Results: The data recovered from North Mountain Park differed from the expected values in Casa Grande Mountain Park by 22%. This indicates a significant difference in the flora between these two localities that was not predicted by earlier studies. Elevation and soil pH differences between sampled localities were not significant. This suggests that mineral composition of the soil may play an important role within this basin in determining community composition. Discussion: Many factors that have been proposed in prior studies do not appear to play a significant role within the Casa Grande Valley in determining community composition. This indicates that the composition of a community is influenced by different factors in different locations within the Sonoran Desert. This makes determining overall controlling factors across an ecosystem difficult.

scholarly journals Distribution and Demographics of Fuchsia Excorticata, Nelson Lakes National Park

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edward Rex Lancelot Bartholomew
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Reference Areas

<p>The small tree Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae) is found on disturbed riparian sites throughout New Zealand. Spatial distribution and  demographic changes in populations of F. excorticata were surveyed in the Rotoiti Nature Recovery Project (RNRP) area, and an associated non-treatment reference area, Nelson Lakes National Park, over the period 2005 to 2007. The RNRP is an intensively managed "mainland island" project in mixed beech (Nothofagus) forest, pest animal species especially possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), rodents, and mustelids are controlled. The aim of this study was to survey the condition of F. excorticata in the managed and reference areas to determine if any differences could be detected between the populations over time. The only significant (p<0.05) difference between the two areas was in sapling abundance, which was higher in the RNRP management area. This was tentatively attributed to pest management; however the concurrence of complex  environmental influences, and a lack of management replication, prevented a simple interpretation of the data. There was no significant difference in recruitment, growth, mortality, and tree or seedling abundance  between the managed and reference areas. Growth rate, especially of saplings, was significantly greater at lower elevations in the RNRP managed area, however the inverse held for the reference area. Mammalian herbivory was light; the main affect being to restrict seedling growth through hedging. Periodic heavy flooding was responsible for much of the mortality, however many newly disturbed sites were rapidly populated with fuchsia seedlings. The need for rigour in establishing ecologically comparable reference sites for comparative studies was evident. There were inherent difficulties in establishing causal relationships between ecological changes and management practices where management was not replicated geographically.</p>

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