scholarly journals A large CO<sub>2</sub> sink enhanced by eutrophication in a tropical coastal embayment (Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 4671-4720 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Cotovicz ◽  
B. A. Knoppers ◽  
N. Brandini ◽  
S. J. Costa Santos ◽  
G. Abril
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Organic Carbon Burial

Abstract. In contrast to its small surface area, the coastal zone plays a disproportionate role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon production, transformation, emission and burial rates at the land–ocean interface are still poorly known, especially in tropical regions. Surface water pCO2 and ancillary parameters were monitored during nine field campaigns between April 2013 and April 2014 in Guanabara Bay, a tropical eutrophic to hypertrophic semi-enclosed estuarine embayment surrounded by the city of Rio de Janeiro, SE-Brazil. Water pCO2 varied between 22 and 3715 ppmv in the Bay showing spatial, diurnal and seasonal trends that mirrored those of dissolved oxygen (DO) and Chlorophyll a (Chl a). Marked pCO2 undersaturation was prevalent in the shallow, confined and thermally stratified waters of the upper bay, whereas pCO2 oversaturation was restricted to sites close to the small river mouths and small sewage channels, which covered only 10% of the bay's area. Substantial daily variations in pCO2 (up to 395 ppmv between dawn and dusk) were also registered and could be integrated temporally and spatially for the establishment of net diurnal, seasonal and annual CO2 fluxes. In contrast to other estuaries worldwide, Guanabara Bay behaved as a net sink of atmospheric CO2, a property enhanced by the concomitant effects of strong radiation intensity, thermal stratification, and high availability of nutrients, which promotes phytoplankton development and net autotrophy. In the inner part of the bay, the calculated annual CO2 sink (−19.6 mol C m2 yr-1) matched the organic carbon burial in the sediments reported in the literature. The carbon sink and autotrophy of Guanabara Bay was driven by planktonic primary production promoted by eutrophication, and by its typology of marine embayment lacking the classical extended estuarine mixing zone, in contrast to river-dominated estuarine systems, which are generally net heterotrophic and CO2 emitters. Our results show that global CO2 budgetary assertions still lack information on tropical estuarine embayments and lagoons, which are affected by thermal stratification and eutrophication and behave specifically with respect to atmospheric CO2.

scholarly journals A strong CO<sub>2</sub> sink enhanced by eutrophication in a tropical coastal embayment (Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 6125-6146 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Cotovicz Jr. ◽  
B. A. Knoppers ◽  
N. Brandini ◽  
S. J. Costa Santos ◽  
G. Abril
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Organic Carbon Burial

Abstract. In contrast to its small surface area, the coastal zone plays a disproportionate role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon production, transformation, emission and burial rates at the land–ocean interface are significant at the global scale but still poorly known, especially in tropical regions. Surface water pCO2 and ancillary parameters were monitored during nine field campaigns between April 2013 and April 2014 in Guanabara Bay, a tropical eutrophic to hypertrophic semi-enclosed estuarine embayment surrounded by the city of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. Water pCO2 varied between 22 and 3715 ppmv in the bay, showing spatial, diurnal and seasonal trends that mirrored those of dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll a (Chl a). Marked pCO2 undersaturation was prevalent in the shallow, confined and thermally stratified waters of the upper bay, whereas pCO2 oversaturation was restricted to sites close to the small river mouths and small sewage channels, which covered only 10 % of the bay's area. Substantial daily variations in pCO2 (up to 395 ppmv between dawn and dusk) were also registered and could be integrated temporally and spatially for the establishment of net diurnal, seasonal and annual CO2 fluxes. In contrast to other estuaries worldwide, Guanabara Bay behaved as a net sink of atmospheric CO2, a property enhanced by the concomitant effects of strong radiation intensity, thermal stratification, and high availability of nutrients, which promotes phytoplankton development and net autotrophy. The calculated CO2 fluxes for Guanabara Bay ranged between −9.6 and −18.3 mol C m−2 yr−1, of the same order of magnitude as the organic carbon burial and organic carbon inputs from the watershed. The positive and high net community production (52.1 mol C m−2 yr−1) confirms the high carbon production in the bay. This autotrophic metabolism is apparently enhanced by eutrophication. Our results show that global CO2 budgetary assertions still lack information on tropical, marine-dominated estuarine systems, which are affected by thermal stratification and eutrophication and behave specifically with respect to atmospheric CO2.

Late Holocene evolution and increasing pollution in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Gutterres Vilela ◽  
Brígida Orioli Figueira ◽  
Mariana Cardoso Macedo ◽  
José Antonio Baptista Neto
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Se Brazil

scholarly journals Origin of salinity and hydrogeochemical features of porous aquifers from northeastern Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, SE - Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 100601
Author(s):  
Olga V.O. Gomes ◽  
Eduardo D. Marques ◽  
Vinicius T. Kütter ◽  
José R. Aires ◽  
Yves Travi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Porous Aquifers

A mid-Holocene vegetational and anthropogenic record in the Guanabara Bay region, Rio de Janeiro State, SE Brazil, assessed by palynological and charcoal data

Grana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia F. Barreto ◽  
Alex Da S. De Freitas ◽  
Taísa Camila S. De Souza ◽  
Claudia G. Vilela ◽  
Ortrud M. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Janeiro State

Categorias analíticas do espaço e Turismo: o exemplo da Fortaleza de Santa Cruz, Niterói/RJ

GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ângelo Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Spatial Dynamic ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
The City

O objetivo que permeia a presente pesquisa é utilizar a Fortaleza de Santa Cruz, localizada no bairro de Jurujuba, em Niterói, construída em 1555, na entrada da barra da Baía de Guanabara, como foco de antílise, ressaltando a importância deste fixo social enquanto atração turística e de lazer, incluindo a cidade de Niterói no circuito destas atividades, complementares à cidade do Rio de Janeiro; além de abordar conceitos e categorias analíticas, oriundos das ciências sociais, principalmente provenientes da Geografia, pertinentes ao estudo das atividades em tela. Neste contexto, na dinâmica espacial da cidade de Niterói, o processo de mudança de função dos fixos sociais têm sido extraordinário. Residencias unifamiliares, prédios e até mesmo fortificações militares, verdadeiras monumentalidades, foram refuncionalizadas, passando por um processo de turistificação. Assim, a refuncionalização da respectiva Fortaleza em espaço cultural toma-se um importante atrativo da história, do patrimônio, da cultura, marcando no espaço urbano sua expressões e monumentalidade, criada pelo homem como símbolo de seus ideais, objetivos e atos, constituindo-se em um legado as gerações futuras, formando um elo entre passado, presente e futuro. Abstract This paper focuses on Santa Cruz Fortress, built in 1555 in Jurujuba (Niterói), to guard the entrance of Guanabara bay, and stresses its role as a towist attraction and leisure' area, as a social fix which links the city of Niterói to the complementary circuit of these activities in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The study uses important concepts and analytic categories fiom social sciences, particularly fiom Geography.In the spatial dynamic of the city of Niterói, change in functions of social fuces has been extraordinary. Single-family dwellings, buildings and even military installations have been re-functionalized, undergoing a process of touristification. In that way, the refunctionalization of the Fortress as a cultural space provides an important attraction in the domains of history, patrimony, and culture, providing the urban space with an expression of monumentality, created by man as a symbol of his ideals, aims and actions, a legacy to future generations forming a link between past, present and future.

Bulk, isotopic, petrographic organic matter and mineral distribution as proxies of environmental process in Guanabara Bay, SE, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Cordeiro ◽  
D. D. dos Santos ◽  
R. E. Santelli ◽  
A. G. Figueiredo ◽  
L. S. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Mineral Distribution ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Environmental Process

Assessment of trace metal contamination and bioavailability in an Environmental Protection Area: Guaxindiba estuarine system (Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro Brazil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 101143
Author(s):  
Michele Fernandes ◽  
Estefan Monteiro da Fonseca ◽  
Leonardo da Silva Lima ◽  
Susanna Eleonora Sichel ◽  
Jessica de Freitas Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area

scholarly journals Environmental and Sanitary Conditions of Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovana O. Fistarol ◽  
Felipe H. Coutinho ◽  
Ana Paula B. Moreira ◽  
Tainá Venas ◽  
Alba Cánovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

scholarly journals Trace metal contamination in mangrove sediments, Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1194-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassia O. Farias ◽  
Claudia Hamacher ◽  
Angela de Luca R. Wagener ◽  
Reinaldo C. de Campos ◽  
José M. Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Mangrove Sediments ◽  
Trace Metal Contamination

scholarly journals AN APPROACH TO THE CONTRIBUTION OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIONS FOR THE ARARUAMA LAGOONAL SYSTEM (SE BRAZIL) GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION / UMA ABORDAGEM SOBRE A INFLUÊNCIA ANTROPOGÊNICA NA EVOLUÇÃO GEOMORFOLÓGICA DO SISTEMA LAGUNAR DE ARARUAMA (SE, BRASIL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
Olegário Nelson Azevedo Pereira ◽  
Maria Antonieta Da Conceição Rodrigues ◽  
João Manuel Alveirinho Dias
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Before Present ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Cabo Frio

The first studies regarding the constitution of the Araruama lagoonal system, located in the Rio de Janeiro state (SE Brazil), were carried out by Alberto Ribeiro Lamego. This author supported the thesis that it had resulted from the formation of a sand barrier (called Massambaba) due to the longitudinal transport of large quantities of sediments through coastal drift currents, and the growth of spits parallel to the shoreline. However, most recent studies largely rejected it, sustaining that the confinement of these hydric environments was the result of the growth of two sand barriers during the Pleistocene and Holocene times (120.000 to 7.000 years before present - BP) due to the sea level changes. The hypothesis that we suggest, is that both propositions are acceptable and complementary. This study aims to demonstrate that, despite the opinions on the formation of the double sand barrier, deposition of sediments by coastal drift currents at the end of the Holocene, and especially in recent chronologies, also contributed to the establishment of this lagoon system. In our opinion, the increased sediment supplies due to human activities contributed to the formation of the inner spits and the nearby sea sandbar. Its orientation was influenced by the existence of the island of Cabo Frio, that allowed the formation of the tombolo that almost connected it to the continent. Through the analysis of historical and cartographic documents related to the colonization and economic exploitation of the region, it is evident that the anthropogenic actions played a significant role in the sandy spits formation. Of these, special emphasis is placed on the agriculture and deforestation that contributed to the increase of sedimentary accumulation. This work demonstrate that the analysis of historical documents can provide information and contribute to the understanding of recent coastal developments. ResumoOs primeiros estudos sobre a constituição do sistema lagunar de Araruama, localizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro (SE Brasil), foram realizados por Alberto Ribeiro Lamego. Este autor apoiou a tese de que este sistema lagunar resultou da formação de uma barreira arenosa (denominada Massambaba) na sequência do transporte longitudinal de grandes quantidades de sedimentos através das correntes costeiras de deriva litorânea e ao crescimento de flechas arenosas paralelas à linha de costa. No entanto, estudos mais recentes, rejeitaram amplamente esta hipótese, e sugeriram que o confinamento desses ambientes lagunares resultou do crescimento de duas barreiras arenosas na sequência de mudanças no nível do mar ocorridas durante os períodos Pleistocénicos e Holocênico (120.000 a 7.000 anos antes do presente - BP). A hipótese que sugerimos é que ambas as hipóteses são aceitáveis e complementares. Este estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar que, apesar das opiniões sobre a formação da dupla barreira de areia, a deposição de sedimentos por correntes de deriva costeira no final do Holoceno, e principalmente em cronologias recentes, também contribuiu para o estabelecimento deste sistema lagunar. Em nossa opinião, o aumento do fornecimento de sedimentos devido às atividades humanas contribuiu para a formação das flechas arenosas interiores e do banco de areia exterior, próximo do mar. A sua orientação foi influenciada pela existência da ilha de Cabo Frio, que permitiu a formação do tombolo que quase a conectou ao continente.Através da análise de documentos históricos e cartográficos relacionados com a colonização e exploração econômica da região, evidencia-se que as ações antropogênicas tiveram um papel significativo na formação das flechas arenosas. De entre estas, salienta-se especialmente a agricultura e o desmatamento que contribuíram para o aumento da acumulação sedimentar. Este trabalho evidencia que a análise de documentos históricos pode fornecer informações e contribuir para a compreensão da evolução recente do litoral.

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