Bulk, isotopic, petrographic organic matter and mineral distribution as proxies of environmental process in Guanabara Bay, SE, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Cordeiro ◽  
D. D. dos Santos ◽  
R. E. Santelli ◽  
A. G. Figueiredo ◽  
L. S. Moreira ◽  
...  
2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. A. Rangel ◽  
José A. Baptista Neto ◽  
Estefan M. Fonseca ◽  
John McAlister ◽  
Bernard J. Smith

In this study, the geochemical analysis of ten sediment samples collected along the fluvial system of the Estrela River, which flows into the northern portion of Guanabara Bay, shows the presence of anthropogenic impacts in this area. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni obtained were slightly higher, when compared with values found innatural environments. The particle size and organic matter content in most of the analyzed stations showed featuresnot conducive to the accumulation of pollutants due to the low organic matter content and the strong presence ofsand fraction. There was also the fractionation of heavy metals in sediments and it was found the prominence ofresidual and reducible phase, besides the significant occurrence of organic fractions in some analyzed stations. Thesefactors, thus, highlight the potential risks of contamination, where the metals associated with the organic phase canbecome bioavailable in processes of dissolution, provided by physico-chemical changes that can occur in this aquaticenvironment.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Virginia Alves Martins ◽  
René Rodrigues ◽  
Egberto Pereira ◽  
Paulo Miranda ◽  
Lazaro Laut ◽  
...  

This study characterizes the quantity and quality of organic matter present in surface sediments of the NE sector of Guanabara Bay (SE, Brazil), based on geochemical and statistical analysis. The geochemical analyses included stable isotopes in sedimentary bulk organic matter (orgδ13C), total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (TS) and Rock Eval pyrolysis parameters, such as free hydrocarbons (S1), generating source potential (S2), production index (PI), oxygen and hydrogen indices (OI, HI) and the maturation index of organic matter (Tmax). The analyzed data were statistically treated to find main factors that are influencing the sedimentary composition. The low activity of the bottom currents favors the deposition of fine-grained sediments, rich in organic matter, in most of the studied area. The organic matter present in the sediments is being supplied by local and allochthonous sources and can be considered a good source of type III kerogen, and therefore has the potential to generate gas, if the geological context is adequate. Considering the quantity, type of organic matter and potential of hydrocarbon generation four main groups of stations were identified. Stations in which the sediments: i) encompass a relatively high component of OM sourced mainly from the adjacent continental areas close to the Apa de Guapimirim (less contaminated by oil) and S. Gonçalo (Roncador River) regions; ii) contain some autochthonous contribution, located between the Paquetá and Governador Islands, where biogenic gas seeping should be predicted hereafter; iii) have higher contamination by oil, situated near Mauá and REDUC Oil Refinery, of Duque de Caxias; iv) present intermediate characteristics, located in the remaining study area. ResumoEste estudo efetua a caracterização da quantidade e qualidade da matéria orgânica presente em sedimentos superficiais do setor NE da Baía de Guanabara (SE, Brasil), com base em análises geoquímicas e estatísticas. Os dados geoquímicos incluíram isótopos estáveis em matéria orgânica (ORGδ13C), carbono orgânico total (TOC), enxofre total (TS) e parâmetros de pirólise Rock Eval, como por exemplo, teores se hidrocarbonetos livres (S1), potencial de geração hidrocarbonetos (S2), índice de produção (PI), índices de oxigênio e hidrogênio (OI, HI) e índice de maturação da matéria orgânica (Tmax). Os dados analisados foram tratados estatisticamente a fim de serem identificados os principais fatores que influenciam a composição sedimentar. A fraca atividade das correntes de fundo, favorece a deposição de sedimentos finos ricos em matéria orgânica, na maior parte da área estudada. A matéria orgânica presente nos sedimentos está sendo fornecida por fontes locais e alóctones e pode ser considerada uma boa a excelente fonte de querogênio do tipo III, tendo, pois, potencial para a geração de gás, desde que o contexto geológico seja adequado. Considerando-se a quantidade, o tipo de matéria orgânica e o potencial de geração de hidrocarbonetos podem ser identificados quatro grupos principais de estações. Estações em que os sedimentos: i) possuem teores relativamente elevados de matéria orgânica oriunda principalmente das áreas continentais, localizadas próximo da Apa de Guapimirim (menos contaminadas por petróleo) e S. Gonçalo (Rio Roncador); ii) contêm alguma contribuição autóctone, situadas entre a Ilha de Paquetá e a Ilha do Governador, onde se poderá prever a ocorrência de libertação de gás biogênico num futuro próximo; iii) possuem maior contaminação por petróleo, localizadas próximo de Mauá e da refinaria Reduc, de Duque de Caxias; iv) apresentam características intermédias, situadas na restante área de estudo.


2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisamara Sabadini Santos ◽  
Renato da Silva Carreira ◽  
Bastiaan Adrian Knoppers

The interconnected Icaraí and Jurujuba embayments, set within the lower south-eastern portion of Guanabara Bay, SE-Brazil, have been subject to the direct input of domestic effluents and other associated contaminants from human activities in their watersheds. This study addresses the composition of carbon, nitrogen and molecular steroid markers of surface sediments (n = 24) and a short core (L = 47 cm), in order to evaluate the impact by sewage, the contribution between allochthonous and autochthonous derived organic matter and eutrophication of the embayments. Coprostanol concentrations revealed, when compared to other regions in Guanabara Bay, high contamination by sewage close to the point of sewage discharge in Icaraí embayment. In contrast, the more enclosed and eutrophic Jurujuba embayment exhibited a larger contribution of autochthonous organic matter, as shown by the combination of cholesterol, dinosterol and, partially, also brassicasterol. The presence of stigmasterol and b-sitosterol also indicated a minor contribution of organic matter from terrestrial plants, as revealed by principal component analysis. The sedimentary record of the Jurujuba embayment exhibited highest concentrations of all sterol markers in the top layer, corroborating the recent increase in the accumulation of sewage, plankton derived organic carbon and also eutrophication. Trend in degradation of organic matter was evidenced by sterol/stanol ratios and the behavior of dinosterol indicated that the embayment has been dominated by the accumulation of phytoplankton derived organic matter since earlier times.


2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilva Brandini ◽  
◽  
Ana Paula de Castro Rodrigues ◽  
Ilene Matanó Abreu ◽  
Luiz Carlos Cotovicz Junior ◽  
...  

Abstract Aim: There are few studies dealing with the biogeochemical processes occurring in small estuaries receiving high sewage loading in tropical regions. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the biogeochemical behavior of nutrients in superficial waters collected at the Iguaçu estuarine system, during specific conditions (neap tide), located at the inner sector of a heavily eutrophicated embayment (Guanabara Bay, SE Brazil). Methods Physical and chemical variables were measured in situ (pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, transparency, dissolved oxygen), whereas suspended particulate matter, chlorophyll a, phaepigments and nutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus forms) were measured in laboratory across the mesohaline estuarine gradient. Results The Iguaçu River mouth is in a high stage of eutrophication, considering nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a and transparency of water column. Results indicate a transition from heterotrophic conditions to autotrophic conditions, since the nutrients concentrations showed a decreasing pattern along the saline gradient, while the chlorophyll an increased over the transects. The pH values and chlorophyll : phaeopigments ratios are significantly related to the amount and quality of organic matter contents, especially at transects under strong marine influence. More than 95% of the dissolved and total nitrogen concentrations are represented by NH4+ contributions, which are related to the ammonification of organic matter contents in this region, indicating the existence of untreated sewage loads in this area. Conclusion In this study, the Iguaçu River seemed to contribute with high inputs of nutrients that support important phytoplankton production at the inner regions of the bay related to the CO2 sink and autotrophic metabolism, showing the importance of verifying the biogeochemical behaviors of nutrients in estuarine areas, even in small scale.


2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Guenther ◽  
Isabel Lima ◽  
Glenda Mugrabe ◽  
Denise Rivera Tenenbaum ◽  
Eliane Gonzalez-Rodriguez ◽  
...  

The dynamics of the plankton compartments at the entrance of Guanabara Bay (SE Brazil) were assessed during a short-term temporal survey to estimate their trophic correlations. Size-fractioned phytoplankton (picoplankton: < 2µm, nanoplankton: 2-20µm and microplankton: > 20µm) biomass and photosynthetic efficiency, composition and abundance of the auto-and heterotrophic nano-and microplankton, and mesozooplankton were evaluated at a fixed station for 3 consecutive days at 3-h intervals, in the surface and bottom (20m) layers. The variability of almost all plankton compartments in the surface layer was directly dependent on temperature, indicating the great influence of the circulation at the entrance of the bay on plankton structure. In the surface layer, the mesozooplankton seems to be sustained by both autotrophic nano-and picoplankton, this last being channeled through the microzooplankton. Near the bottom, both auto-and heterotrophic microplankton are probably supporting the mesozooplankton biomass. Our findings thus suggest that the entrance of Guanabara bay presents a multivorous food web, i.e., a combination of both grazing and microbial trophic pathways.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Noriko Suzuki ◽  
Melissa Nogueira Sondermann ◽  
Edimar Carvalho Machado ◽  
Wilson Machado ◽  
Alfredo Victor Bernedo Bellido ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazaro Laut ◽  
Maria Virgina Alves Martins ◽  
Pierre Belart ◽  
Maria Lucia Lorini ◽  
Iara Clemente ◽  
...  

Bottom sediment is a natural trap for organic matter and different kinds of pollutants. The accumulation of large amount of organic matter gives rise to the eutrophication of the aquatic ecosystems. The analyses of the quantity and quality of the organic matter (biopolymers) help to determine the trophic status of coastal ecosystems. The Maricá-Guarapina Lagoon System (MGLS) is located in Rio de Janeiro and is composed by four connected lagoons: Maricá, Barra, Padre and Guarapina. It has been suffering impacts due to the intense and uncontrolled property speculation. Based on this problem, this study aimed to characterize the organic matter (OM) amount and quality in sediments and the relation with the impacted areas in this lagoon system. The collected sediment samples were analyzed for geochemical data combined with grain size and physical-chemical environmental parameters of the bottom water. Statistical results evidenced that the sedimentary environment of the MGLS is heterogenous. The organic matter supplied to the MGLS is provided from different sources but the autochthonous contribution (phytoplanktonic productivity and vegetal detritus from the mangrove fringe) prevails. The anthropogenic contribution was more evident in Padre Lagoon, where the sediments had relatively low TOC contents (0.1-0.8%). The MGLS is accumulating mainly aged organic matter. The most impacted zones were found in Guarapina, Barra and Maricá lagoons, in bottoms of fine-grained sediments, with relatively high TOC and labile biopolymeric compounds (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) contents, which should evolve into an ever-increasing stage of eutrophication. COMPOSTOS ORGÂNICOS USADOS COMO INDICADORES DA QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL SEDIMENTAR DO SISTEMA LAGUNAR MARICÁ-GUARAPINA (SE DO BRASIL)ResumoO sedimento de fundo constitui uma armadilha natural para a matéria orgânica e diferentes tipos de poluentes. O acúmulo de grande quantidade de matéria orgânica dá origem à eutrofização dos ecossistemas aquáticos. Estimativas de quantidade e qualidade da matéria orgânica (biopolímeros) podem ajudar a determinar o estado trófico dos ecossistemas costeiros. O Sistema Lagunar de Maricá-Guarapina (MGLS), localizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SE do Brasil), é composto por quatro lagunas interconectadas: Maricá, Barra, Padre e Guarapina. Este sistema tem sofrido impactos devido à intensa e descontrolada especulação imobiliária. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a quantidade e qualidade de matéria orgânica (MO) dos sedimentos do MGLS. Foram obtidos dados geoquímicos e confrontados com resultados granulométricos em amostras de sedimentos coletados em 22 estações de amostragem e analisados parâmetros físico-químicos da água. Os resultados estatísticos evidenciaram que o ambiente sedimentar do MGLS é heterogêneo. Este sistema recebe matéria orgânica de diferentes fontes, sendo, porém, prevalecente a contribuição autóctone (produtividade fitoplanctônica e detritos vegetais dos manguezais existentes na região). A contribuição antropogênica de matéria orgânica foi mais evidente na Lagoa do Padre, onde os sedimentos apresentaram teores de COT relativamente baixos (0,1-0,8%). As zonas mais impactadas foram encontradas em fundos de sedimentos finos, com teores relativamente elevados de COT e de compostos biopoliméricos lábeis (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios), nas lagunas de Guarapina, Barra e Maricá. Os resultados obtidos revelam também que o MGLS está acumulando principalmente matéria orgânica envelhecida e permitem prever que as referidas áreas podem evoluir para um estágio de cada vez maior grau de eutrofização.Palavras-chave: Lagunas Costeiras Tropicais. Biopolímeros. Eutrofização. Dinâmica Sedimentar.


2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1750-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Borges ◽  
C.J. Sanders ◽  
H.L.R. Santos ◽  
D.R. Araripe ◽  
W. Machado ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (19) ◽  
pp. 2293-2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine A. Kalas ◽  
Renato S. Carreira ◽  
Stephen A. Macko ◽  
Angela L. R. Wagener

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