Die Bedeutung menschlicher Wetter-Impact-Meldungen aus nationaler und internationaler Perspektive

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Krennert ◽  
Rainer Kaltenberger ◽  
Andreas Schaffhauser
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Severe Storms ◽  
Web App

<p>Seit 2019 stehen der Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik ZAMG Daten und Bildmaterial von menschlichen Wetter- und Impact- Meldungen durch die Verwendung der Web-App wettermelden.at zur Verfügung. Die Meldeparameter der ZAMG-App orientieren sich eng an das Meldesystem des European Weather Observers EWOB des European Severe Storms Laboratory ESSL. Diese Meldungen bieten für vielfältige Anwendungen an der ZAMG eine zusätzliche, so genannte alternative Datenquelle über die Auswirkungen (Impact) des Wetters am Boden in Echtzeit („Ground Truth“). Damit wird vor allem im operationellen Betrieb ein instantaner Feedback-Loop zwischen den ausgegebenen Wetterprognosen- und Warnungen sowie den resultierenden direkten Impact-Beobachtungen an Ort und Zeit durch Freiwillige ermöglicht. Auf diese Weise gelingt es im Idealfall, bereits ausgegebene Wetterwarnungen rasch anzupassen und so weiteren Unwetterschäden nach Möglichkeit entgegenzuwirken. Unser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über alle Module des Wettermelden-Systems der ZAMG. Einen wesentlichen Teil des Systems macht die Ausbildung der freiwilligen Wettermelder*innen im Rahmen des Trusted Spotter Network Austria TSN aus. Dieses Trainingsprogramm stellt die Qualität und Verlässlichkeit eingegangener Meldungen sicher, Meldungen von ausgebildeten Beobachter*innen sind gegenüber anonymen Meldungen gekennzeichnet und werden entsprechend gewichtet. Ebenso beleuchten wir die Bedeutung von wettermelden.at im Staatlichen Krisen- und Katastrophenschutzmanagement sowie der forensischen Meteorologie und der Klimaforschung. Um die Standardisierung der gemeldeten Wetter-Auswirkungen auch auf europäischer Ebene, beispielsweise mit anderen nationalen Wetterdiensten, sicherzustellen, engagiert sich die ZAMG im Rahmen der EUMETNET Crowdsourcing Working Group für einen verstärkten internationalen Austausch der menschlichen Impact- Meldungen.</p>

2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Working Group ◽  
General Character ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Reference Coordinate System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

Models of Thermodynamic Properties of Prominences

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
R.W. Milkey
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Observational Techniques

The focus of discussion in Working Group 3 was on the Thermodynamic Properties as determined spectroscopically, including the observational techniques and the theoretical modeling of physical processes responsible for the emission spectrum. Recent advances in observational techniques and theoretical concepts make this discussion particularly timely. It is wise to remember that the determination of thermodynamic parameters is not an end in itself and that these are interesting chiefly for what they can tell us about the energetics and mass transport in prominences.

Novel players fine-tune plant trade-offs

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Gimenez-Ibanez ◽  
Marta Boter ◽  
Roberto Solano
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
Regulatory Feedback Loop ◽  
Fine Tune

Jasmonates (JAs) are essential signalling molecules that co-ordinate the plant response to biotic and abiotic challenges, as well as co-ordinating several developmental processes. Huge progress has been made over the last decade in understanding the components and mechanisms that govern JA perception and signalling. The bioactive form of the hormone, (+)-7-iso-jasmonyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), is perceived by the COI1–JAZ co-receptor complex. JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins also act as direct repressors of transcriptional activators such as MYC2. In the emerging picture of JA-Ile perception and signalling, COI1 operates as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that upon binding of JA-Ile targets JAZ repressors for degradation by the 26S proteasome, thereby derepressing transcription factors such as MYC2, which in turn activate JA-Ile-dependent transcriptional reprogramming. It is noteworthy that MYCs and different spliced variants of the JAZ proteins are involved in a negative regulatory feedback loop, which suggests a model that rapidly turns the transcriptional JA-Ile responses on and off and thereby avoids a detrimental overactivation of the pathway. This chapter highlights the most recent advances in our understanding of JA-Ile signalling, focusing on the latest repertoire of new targets of JAZ proteins to control different sets of JA-Ile-mediated responses, novel mechanisms of negative regulation of JA-Ile signalling, and hormonal cross-talk at the molecular level that ultimately determines plant adaptability and survival.

Legionellose, ein Tourismusproblem?

Praxis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (31) ◽  
pp. 1241-1245
Author(s):  
Kistler ◽  
Fleisch ◽  
Reinhart ◽  
Wieland
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
European Working Group ◽  
European Working

La légionellose, un problème de tourisme? La légionellose est une maladie assez rare, mais elle suit souvent un cours prolongé et compliqué, même chez des patients immunocompétents. Le diagnostic est important pour des raisons thérapeutiques et épidémiologiques. De 1998 à 2001 on a observé à l'hôpital cantonal de Coire six cas de légionellose, dont quatre étaient associés aux voyages et un autre concernait un employé d'un hôtel local. Par suite de l'augmentation de la mobilité internationale les recherches épidémiologiques sur la localisation de la source infectieuse et les procédés hygiéniques deviennent plus difficiles. Une organisation européenne, le «European Working Group for Legionella Infections» (EWGLI/www.ewgli.org) a étudié ce problème. La question de la forme sous laquelle le public doit être informé des sources de légionelles fait l'object d'une discussion.

A Comparison of Simple Structure Rotation Criteria in Temporal Exploratory Factor Analysis for Event-Related Potential Data

Methodology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Scharf ◽  
Steffen Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Factor Rotation ◽  
Rotation Methods ◽  
Simple Structure Rotation ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Abstract. It is challenging to apply exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to event-related potential (ERP) data because such data are characterized by substantial temporal overlap (i.e., large cross-loadings) between the factors, and, because researchers are typically interested in the results of subsequent analyses (e.g., experimental condition effects on the level of the factor scores). In this context, relatively small deviations in the estimated factor solution from the unknown ground truth may result in substantially biased estimates of condition effects (rotation bias). Thus, in order to apply EFA to ERP data researchers need rotation methods that are able to both recover perfect simple structure where it exists and to tolerate substantial cross-loadings between the factors where appropriate. We had two aims in the present paper. First, to extend previous research, we wanted to better understand the behavior of the rotation bias for typical ERP data. To this end, we compared the performance of a variety of factor rotation methods under conditions of varying amounts of temporal overlap between the factors. Second, we wanted to investigate whether the recently proposed component loss rotation is better able to decrease the bias than traditional simple structure rotation. The results showed that no single rotation method was generally superior across all conditions. Component loss rotation showed the best all-round performance across the investigated conditions. We conclude that Component loss rotation is a suitable alternative to simple structure rotation. We discuss this result in the light of recently proposed sparse factor analysis approaches.

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