Kriging-based Mapping of Space-borne CO2 Measurements by Combining Emission Inventory and Atmospheric Transport Modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrutilipi Bhattacharjee ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Li Jindun ◽  
Xinxu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Multiple Covariates ◽  
Temporal Measurement ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

<p>Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> measurement has proven its appositeness for different applications in carbon cycle science. Many satellites are currently measuring the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration worldwide, for example, NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), Exploratory Satellite for Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (TanSat), Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT), and Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT). The OCO-2 measures the column-averaged CO<sub>2</sub> dry air mole fractions (XCO<sub>2</sub>) in the atmosphere as contiguous parallelogram footprints, each having area up to about 3 km<sup>2</sup>. The problem associated with this measurement is its narrow swath of approximately 10.6 km width which results in limited spatial coverage.</p><p>A number of research works have been reported to spatially map the available XCO<sub>2</sub> samples on a regional scale or globally in different temporal scale and spatial resolution. Kriging, a family of geostatistical interpolation method, has been a popular choice for this mapping. In our recent research, we have shown that the univariate kriging methods are not able to produce a pragmatic surface of XCO<sub>2</sub> and require the incorporation of more covariates. We have studied the OCO-2’s XCO<sub>2 </sub>observations and mapped them on a regional scale including multiple covariates, such as Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) emission estimates and land use and land cover (LULC) information. It is observed that the inclusion of these covariates is able to produce more accurate mapping compared to their baseline alternatives.</p><p>However, the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration is usually highly influenced by the transportation of the emission particles through the wind. A larger temporal measurement window may ignore its effect by assuming that the wind direction is constantly changing. However, for regional mapping of space-borne XCO<sub>2</sub> in a time instance, it is essential to model. This work has developed a novel multivariate kriging-based framework to map OCO-2’s XCO<sub>2 </sub>measurements including Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport-(STILT)-based atmospheric transport modeling. This model could be coupled with the biospheric flux models and emission estimates to map their local scale distributions.</p><p>In this framework, every unmeasured location that is required to be estimated is considered as the receptor point in the STILT simulation. The emission particles are tracked backward in time from each of these receptor points to simulate possible routes from their upstream locations. A footprint map is then generated which is regarded as the influence of other points to the receptor point in the whole study region. The footprint map, being combined with the emission estimates, will produce a prior CO<sub>2 </sub>concentration map. This STILT-generated prior concentration map is inserted into the multivariate kriging framework. The output map, i.e., the interpolated XCO<sub>2</sub> surface is more pragmatic to include the influence of atmospheric transport for the prediction of XCO<sub>2</sub>. The accuracy of the framework is proven by comparing the estimated data with ground-based measurements. This work is one of the initial attempts to generate a Level-3 XCO<sub>2</sub> surface on a local scale by combining STILT with a multivariate kriging method.</p>

AGDISP as a Source Term in Far Field Atmospheric Transport Modeling and Near Field Geometric Assumptions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold W. Thistle ◽  
Milton E. Teske ◽  
James G. Droppo ◽  
C. Jerry Allwine ◽  
Sandra L. Bird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Term ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

scholarly journals Temporal characteristics of atmospheric ammonia and nitrogen dioxide over China based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport modeling since 1980

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiuying Zhang ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Atmospheric Ammonia ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

Abstract. China is experiencing intense air pollution caused in large part by anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr). Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the most important precursors for Nr compounds (including N2O5, HNO3, HONO and particulate NO3− and NH4+) in the atmosphere. Understanding the changes of NH3 and NO2 has important implications for the regulation of anthropogenic Nr emissions, and is a requirement for assessing the consequence of environmental impacts. We conducted the temporal trend analysis of atmospheric NH3 and NO2 on a national scale since 1980 based on emission data (during 1980–2010), satellite observations (for NH3 since 2008 and for NO2 since 2005) and atmospheric chemistry transport modeling (during 2008–2015). Based on the emission data, during 1980–2010, both significant continuous increasing trend of NH3 and NOx were observed from REAS (Regional Emission inventory in Asia, for NH3 0.17 kg N ha−1 y−2 and for NOx 0.16 kg N ha−1 y−2) and EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, for NH3 0.24 kg N ha−1 y−2 and for NOx 0.17 kg N ha−1 y−2) over China. Based on the satellite data and atmospheric chemistry transport modeling named as the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), the NO2 columns over China increased significantly (p<0.01) from 2005 to 2011 and then decreased significantly from 2011 to 2015; the satellite-retrieved NH3 columns from 2008 to 2014 had no big changes but increased in 2015 (large increase from satellite IASI, but slight increase from MOZART-4). The decrease in NO2 columns since 2011 may result from more stringent strategies taken to control NOx emissions during the 12th Five-Year-Plan, while no control policy focused on NH3 emissions. Our findings provided an overall insight on the temporal trends of both NO2 and NH3 since 1980 based on emission data, satellite observations and atmospheric transport modeling. These findings can provide a scientific background for policy-makers that are attempting to control atmospheric pollution in China. Moreover, the multivariate data used in this study have implications for estimating long-term Nr deposition datasets to assess its impact on soil, forest, water and greenhouse balance.

scholarly journals Global inverse modeling of CH<sub>4</sub> sources and sinks: An overview of methods

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Houweling ◽  
Peter Bergamaschi ◽  
Frederic Chevallier ◽  
Martin Heimann ◽  
Thomas Kaminski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of inverse modeling methods that have been developed over the years for estimating the global sources and sinks of CH4. It provides insight into how techniques and estimates have evolved over time, and what the remaining shortcomings are. As such, it serves a didactical purpose of introducing apprentices to the field, but it also takes stock of the developments so far and reflects on promising new directions. The main focus is on methodological aspects that are particularly relevant for CH4, such as its atmospheric oxidation, the use of methane isotopologues, and specific challenges in atmospheric transport modeling of CH4. The use of satellite retrievals receives special attention, as it is an active field of methodological development, with special requirements on the sampling of the model and the treatment of data uncertainty. Regional scale flux estimation and attribution is still a grand challenge, which calls for new methods capable of combining information from multiple data streams of different measured parameters. A process model representation of sources and sinks in atmospheric transport inversion schemes allows the integrated use of such data. These new developments are needed not only to improve our understanding of the main processes driving the observed global trend, but also to support international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Transport Modeling with 3D Lagrangian Dispersion Codes Compared with SF6 Tracer Experiments at Regional Scale

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Van Dorpe ◽  
Bertrand Iooss ◽  
Vladimir Semenov ◽  
Olga Sorokovikova ◽  
Alexey Fokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Dispersion Modeling ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Lagrangian Dispersion ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling ◽  
Tracer Experiments

The results of four gas tracer experiments of atmospheric dispersion on a regional scale are used for the benchmarking of two atmospheric dispersion modeling codes, MINERVE-SPRAY (CEA), and NOSTRADAMUS (IBRAE). The main topic of this comparison is to estimate the Lagrangian code capability to predict the radionuclide atmospheric transfer on a large field, in the case of risk assessment of nuclear power plant for example. For the four experiments, the results of calculations show a rather good agreement between the two codes, and the order of magnitude of the concentrations measured on the soil is predicted. Simulation is best for sampling points located ten kilometers from the source, while we note a divergence for more distant points results (difference in concentrations by a factor 2 to 5). This divergence may be explained by the fact that, for these four experiments, only one weather station (near the point source) was used on a field of 10 000 km2, generating the simulation of a uniform wind field throughout the calculation domain.

scholarly journals Contributions of economic growth, terrestrial sinks, and atmospheric transport to the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the Korean Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongmin Yun ◽  
Sujong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Korea ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modeling

Abstract Background Understanding a carbon budget from a national perspective is essential for establishing effective plans to reduce atmospheric CO2 growth. The national characteristics of carbon budgets are reflected in atmospheric CO2 variations; however, separating regional influences on atmospheric signals is challenging owing to atmospheric CO2 transport. Therefore, in this study, we examined the characteristics of atmospheric CO2 variations over South and North Korea during 2000–2016 and unveiled the causes of their regional differences in the increasing rate of atmospheric CO2 concentrations by utilizing atmospheric transport modeling. Results The atmospheric CO2 concentration in South Korea is rising by 2.32 ppm year− 1, which is more than the globally-averaged increase rate of 2.05 ppm year− 1. Atmospheric transport modeling indicates that the increase in domestic fossil energy supply to support manufacturing export-led economic growth leads to an increase of 0.12 ppm year− 1 in atmospheric CO2 in South Korea. Although enhancements of terrestrial carbon uptake estimated from both inverse modeling and process-based models have decreased atmospheric CO2 by up to 0.02 ppm year− 1, this decrease is insufficient to offset anthropogenic CO2 increases. Meanwhile, atmospheric CO2 in North Korea is also increasing by 2.23 ppm year− 1, despite a decrease in national CO2 emissions close to carbon neutrality. The great increases estimated in both South Korea and North Korea are associated with changes in atmospheric transport, including increasing emitted and transported CO2 from China, which have increased the national atmospheric CO2 concentrations by 2.23 ppm year− 1 and 2.27 ppm year− 1, respectively. Conclusions This study discovered that economic activity is the determinant of regional differences in increasing atmospheric CO2 in the Korea Peninsula. However, from a global perspective, changes in transported CO2 are a major driver of rising atmospheric CO2 over this region, yielding an increase rate higher than the global mean value. Our findings suggest that accurately separating the contributions of atmospheric transport and regional sources to the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations is important for developing effective strategies to achieve carbon neutrality at the national level.

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