Using In-Situ Juno Observations to Understand the Evolution of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Within 1 AU and Beyond

Author(s):  
Emma Davies ◽  
Robert Forsyth ◽  
Simon Good

<p>Understanding the evolution of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) as they propagate through the heliosphere is essential in forecasting space weather severity. Much of our knowledge of ICMEs has been gained using in-situ measurements from single spacecraft, although the increasing number of missions in the inner heliosphere has led to an increase in multi-spacecraft studies improving our understanding of the global structure of ICMEs. Whilst most such recent studies have focused on the inner heliosphere within 1 AU, Juno cruise phase data provides a new opportunity to study ICME evolution over greater distances. We present analysis of ICMEs observed in-situ both by Juno and at least one other spacecraft within 1 AU to investigate their evolution as they propagate through the heliosphere. Investigation of the sheath region and timing considerations between spacecraft allows for the general shape of the shock front to be reconstructed. Combining in-situ observations and results of flux rope fitting techniques determines the global picture of the ICME as it propagates. However, effects on in-situ observations due to radial evolution and due to the longitudinal separation between multi-spacecraft remain hard to separate. We note the importance of the interplanetary environment in which the ICME propagates and the need for caution in radial alignment studies.  </p>

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Salman ◽  
Reka Winslow ◽  
Noé Lugaz

<p>Our knowledge of the properties of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) in the inner heliosphere is constrained by the relative lack of plasma observations between the Sun and 1 AU. In this work, we present a comprehensive catalog of 47 CMEs measured in situ measurements by two or more radially aligned spacecraft (MESSENGER, Venus Express, STEREO, and Wind/ACE). We estimate the CME impact speeds at Mercury and Venus using a drag-based model and present an average propagation profile of CMEs (speed and deceleration/acceleration) in the inner heliosphere. We find that CME deceleration continues past Mercury's orbit but most of the deceleration occurs between the Sun and Mercury. We examine the exponential decrease of the maximum magnetic field strength in the CME with heliocentric distance using two approaches: a modified statistical method and analysis from individual conjunction events. Findings from both the approaches are on average consistent with previous studies but show significant event-to-event variability. We also find the expansion of the CME sheath to be well fit by a linear function. However, we observe the average sheath duration and its increase to be fairly independent of the initial CME speed, contradicting commonly held knowledge that slower CMEs drive larger sheaths. We also present an analysis of the 3 November 2011 CME observed in a longitudinal conjunction between MESSENGER, Venus Express, and STEREO-B focusing on the expansion of the CME and its correlation with the exponential fall-off of the maximum magnetic field strength in the ejecta.</p>


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (S300) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noé Lugaz ◽  
Charles J. Farrugia ◽  
Nada Al-Haddad

AbstractThe transit of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun to 1 AU lasts on average one to five days. As they propagate, CMEs interact with the solar wind and preceding eruptions, which modify their properties. In the past ten years, the evolution of CMEs in the inner heliosphere has been investigated with the help of numerical simulations, through the analysis of remote-sensing heliospheric observations, especially with the SECCHI suite onboard STEREO, and through the analysis of multi-spacecraft in situ measurements. Most studies have focused on understanding the characteristics of the magnetic flux rope thought to form the core of the CME. Here, we first review recent work related to CME propagation in the heliosphere, which point towards the need to develop more complex models to analyze CME observations. In the second part of this article, we review some recent studies of CME-CME interaction, which also illustrate the complexity of phenomena occurring in the inner heliosphere.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (S300) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Pascal Démoulin

AbstractInterplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs), and more specifically Magnetic Clouds (MCs), are detected with in situ plasma and magnetic measurements. They are the continuation of the CMEs observed with imagers closer to the Sun. A review of their properties is presented with a focus on their magnetic configuration and its evolution. Many recent observations, both in situ and with imagers, point to a key role of flux ropes, a conclusion which is also supported by present coronal eruptive models. Then, is a flux rope generically present in an ICME? How to quantify its 3D physical properties when it is detected locally as a MC? Is it a simple flux rope? How does it evolve in the solar wind? This paper reviews our present answers and limited understanding to these questions.


2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 4491-4503 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. J. Kilpua ◽  
J. Pomoell ◽  
A. Vourlidas ◽  
R. Vainio ◽  
J. Luhmann ◽  
...  

Abstract. In this paper we study the occurrence rate and solar origin of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) using data from the two Solar TErrestrial RElation Observatory (STEREO) and the Wind spacecraft. We perform a statistical survey of ICMEs during the late declining phase of solar cycle 23. Observations by multiple, well-separated spacecraft show that even at the time of extremely weak solar activity a considerable number of ICMEs were present in the interplanetary medium. Soon after the beginning of the STEREO science mission in January 2007 the number of ICMEs declined to less than one ICME per month, but in late 2008 the ICME rate clearly increased at each spacecraft although no apparent increase in the number of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) occurred. We suggest that the near-ecliptic ICME rate can increase due to CMEs that have been guided towards the equator from their high-latitude source regions by the magnetic fields in the polar coronal holes. We consider two case studies to highlight the effects of the polar magnetic fields and CME deflection taking advantage of STEREO observations when the two spacecraft were in the quadrature configuration (i.e. separated by about 90 degrees). We study in detail the solar and interplanetary consequences of two CMEs that both originated from high-latitude source regions on 2 November 2008. The first CME was slow (radial speed 298 km/s) and associated with a huge polar crown prominence eruption. The CME was guided by polar coronal hole fields to the equator and it produced a clear flux rope ICME in the near-ecliptic solar wind. The second CME (radial speed 438 km/s) originated from an active region 11007 at latitude 35° N. This CME propagated clearly north of the first CME and no interplanetary consequences were identified. The two case studies suggest that slow and elongated CMEs have difficulties overcoming the straining effect of the overlying field and as a consequence they are guided by the polar coronal fields and cause in-situ effects close to the ecliptic plane. The 3-D propagation directions and CME widths obtained by using the forward modelling technique were consistent with the solar and in-situ observations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 901 (2) ◽  
pp. L21
Author(s):  
H. Q. Song ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
X. Cheng ◽  
G. Li ◽  
Q. Hu ◽  
...  

Solar Physics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 276 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rollett ◽  
C. Möstl ◽  
M. Temmer ◽  
A. M. Veronig ◽  
C. J. Farrugia ◽  
...  

Solar Physics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rodriguez ◽  
M. Mierla ◽  
A. N. Zhukov ◽  
M. West ◽  
E. Kilpua

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