The Planetary Terrestrial Analogues Library (PTAL)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Werner ◽  
Francois Poulet ◽  
Fernando Rull ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Data ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Implementation ◽  
Graphical Interfaces ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Hayabusa 2 ◽  
Implementation Plans

<p>The Planetary Terrestrial Analogues Library project aims to build and exploit a spectral data base for the characterization of the mineralogical and geological evolution of terrestrial planets and small Solar System bodies. Basis for the library is our collection of natural field-collected and artificial planetary (often Martian) analogue materials as well as materials, which have been altered in laboratory experiments. All samples were characterized by XRD, thin sections as base and as input for the spectral library with standard commercial and dedicated spacecraft instrumentation (NIR, RAMAN, LIBS) under laboratory conditions. The database will allow users to jointly interpret laboratory results and newly gathered in-situ or remote sensing data using instruments (LIBS, NIR, Raman) on board of current and future space missions (e.g., Hayabusa-2, Curiosity, ExoMars, Mars2020). The main aim of the database is the use of spectra stored for purposes related to comparison, identification, quantification and spectral calculation when spectroscopic instruments such as NIR, Raman and LIBS operate in planetary missions and/or analyzing materials in the field or in the laboratory. This database features spectral tools allowing for the spectral data treatment implementation plans are the integration of the database management and algorithms in an end-user platform with graphical interfaces for the use of the data and analyzing tools. The public release of the Planetary Terrestrial Analogues Library will be at the end of year 2020. We will have a demonstration and tutorial during the EGU-GA 2020.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements: </strong>This project is financed through the European Research Council in the H2020-COMPET-2015 programme (grant 687302).</p>

Application of GIS technology in public health: successes and challenges

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHANIE M. FLETCHER-LARTEY ◽  
GRAZIELLA CAPRARELLI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
The Public ◽  
Application Of Gis

SUMMARYThe uptake and acceptance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology has increased since the early 1990s and public health applications are rapidly expanding. In this paper, we summarize the common uses of GIS technology in the public health sector, emphasizing applications related to mapping and understanding of parasitic diseases. We also present some of the success stories, and discuss the challenges that still prevent a full scope application of GIS technology in the public health context. Geographical analysis has allowed researchers to interlink health, population and environmental data, thus enabling them to evaluate and quantify relationships between health-related variables and environmental risk factors at different geographical scales. The ability to access, share and utilize satellite and remote-sensing data has made possible even wider understanding of disease processes and of their links to the environment, an important consideration in the study of parasitic diseases. For example, disease prevention and control strategies resulting from investigations conducted in a GIS environment have been applied in many areas, particularly in Africa. However, there remain several challenges to a more widespread use of GIS technology, such as: limited access to GIS infrastructure, inadequate technical and analytical skills, and uneven data availability. Opportunities exist for international collaboration to address these limitations through knowledge sharing and governance.

scholarly journals Face DetectNet: face detection via fully-convolutional network

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Lapko ◽  
V.A. Lapko
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Dark Coniferous Forest ◽  
Forest Condition

The paper deals with a new method of testing hypotheses for the distribution of multidimensional remote sensing spectral data. The proposed technique is based on the use of nonparametric algorithms for pattern recognition. Testing the hypothesis of the identity of two laws of distributions of multidimensional random variables is replaced by testing a hypothesis stating that the pattern recognition error equals 0.5. The application of this technique allows doing without the decomposition of the random variable domain into multidimensional intervals, which is typical for the Pearson criterion. Its effectiveness is confirmed by the results of testing the hypotheses of the distribution of spectral data of remote sensing in forestry. The analysis of the distribution laws for the following types of forestry is carried out: dark coniferous forest, damaged and dry forest stands. The initial information was obtained from the southern Siberia remote sensing data using six spectral channels of Landsat. The results of the research form a basis for a set of significant spectral features when dealing with forest condition monitoring.

Study on the Intelligent Extraction Based on Hyper-Spectral Characteristics of Typical Vegetation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1960-1964
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Hao Yan Zhao ◽  
Min Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Data ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Desert Vegetation ◽  
Hyper Spectral ◽  
Differential Transform ◽  
Green Vegetation ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
Grassland Types

By using hyper-spectral remote sensing data of desert vegetation, the original spectral data was simply pretreated firstly, then first order differential transform and smoothing was the hyper-spectral data. The spectral characteristics of different grassland types were extracted. The results showed that: desert vegetation has some unique spectral features of common green vegetation. However, affected by the underlying surface of spared leaves, low coverage, the spectrum of desert vegetation does not have obvious green peak, and the red edge characteristics decreased with the decline of vegetation coverage.

scholarly journals UkrVO Astroinformatics Software and Web-services

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (S325) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Vavilova ◽  
Ya. S. Yatskiv ◽  
L. K. Pakuliak ◽  
I. L. Andronov ◽  
V. M. Andruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Virtual Observatory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orbital Parameters ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar System Bodies

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to introduce the software and astronomical web-services developed in frame of the Ukraine Virtual Observatory (UkrVO) and VIrtual Roentgen and Gamma Observatory (VIRGO) to the broad astronomical community. We report briefly on such web-services as the public databases “Sky Maps” of X-ray observations by XMM-Newton, the Earth Orbital Parameters for International Earth Rotation System, and the UkrVO Joint Digitized Archive of astroplates. We refer to such software as the “Multi-Column View”, “Variable Stars Calculator”, “FrameSmooth” for variable star’s research and “Collection Light Technology” (CoLiTec) software for search and discovery of new Solar System bodies.

Can Faster-Better-Cheaper Work? Challenges and Recommendations for the Management of Future Space Missions

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elisabeth Paté-Cornell ◽  
Robin L. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Mars Pathfinder

Abstract Several years ago, NASA shifted its unmanned space program to a faster-better-cheaper (FBC) management style. As opposed to complex spacecraft that cost billions of dollars and required a decade of development, FBC projects have reduced scopes and are developed in approximately three years for about $200 million. In order to examine the successful attributes and potential weaknesses of this new management style, we performed in 1997 and 1998, several case studies of such missions at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). We examined in detail three FBC missions, Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Pathfinder (MPF), and Deep Space 1 (DS1), recognizing that MGS and to some extent MPF were of intermediate type because they had inherited either parts or staff training from previous missions. We also studied Cassini, the “last” of the flagship missions, as a base case for comparison. This study was performed before a few recent failures (e.g., Lewis, Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander) that have attracted the attention of the public (and Congress) on the potential downsides and the management difficulties of the faster-better-cheaper mode of operation. We identified and describe in this paper, several management features of earlier FBC missions that seem to have contributed to their success. Yet, at that time already, we had cautioned NASA that our results were based on a very small sample. We pointed out that most of these features had potential downsides and we expressed some concerns about the long-term viability of some of these same features. Based on these case studies and on NASA’s recent experience, we provide here a set of recommendations that should be helpful for the management of current and future FBC programs.

Leka Ophiolite Complex as analogy to the serpentinization-carbonation system on Mars.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bultel ◽  
Agata Krzesinska ◽  
Damien Loizeau ◽  
François Poulet ◽  
Håkon O. Astrheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Ophiolite Complex ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Accessory Minerals ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Alteration Minerals

<p>Serpentinization and carbonation have affected ultramafic rocks on Noachian Mars in several places. Among the most prominent systems revealing mineral assemblages characteristic of serpentinization/carbonation is the Nili Fossae region [1]. Jezero crater – the target of the Mars 2020 rover –hosted a paleolake which constitutes a sink for sediments from Nili Fossae [1]. Thanks to the near infrared spectrometer onboard Mars2020 [2], the mission has the potential to offer ground truth measurement for other putative serpentinization/carbonation system documented on Mars. Several important aspects that may be addressed are: Do carbonates result from primary alteration of olivine-rich lithologies or are they derived by reprocessing of previous alteration minerals [3]? What is the composition? and nature of the protolith, which appear to be constituted of considerable amounts of olivine [4]? To reveal critical information regarding the conditions of serpentinization/carbonation, accessory minerals need detailed studies [1; 5]. In case of Jezero Crater, and serpentinization on Mars in general, the main alteration minerals are identified, but little is known about the accessory minerals.</p><p>The Nili Fossae-Jezero system has potential analogues in terrestrial serpentinized and carbonated rocks, such as the Leka Ophiolite Complex, Norway (PTAL collection, https://www.ptal.eu). Here, distinct mineral assemblages record different stages of hydration and carbonation of ultramafic rocks [6].</p><p>We perform petrological and mineralogical analyses on thin sections to characterize the major and trace minerals and combine with Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy measurements. We study the significance of the mineralogical assemblages including solid solution composition and nature of accessory minerals. Effect of the presence of accessory minerals on the NIR signal is investigated and their potential incidence on the amount of H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> production in mafic or ultramafic system is discussed [5; 8]. This could improve our understanding of serpentinization and carbonation processes on Mars, which can guide future in-situ operations and also help for a better interpretation of the remote sensing data acquired on other possible serpentinization/carbonation systems.</p><p><strong> </strong>References:</p><p>1. Brown, A. J., et al. EPSL297.1-2 (2010): 174-182.</p><p><span>2. Wiens, R.C., et al.  Space Sci Rev217</span><strong>, </strong><span>4 (2021).</span></p><p>3. Horgan, B., et al. Second International Mars Sample Return. Vol. 2071. 2018.</p><p>4. Ody, A., et al. JGR: Planets118.2 (2013): 234-262.</p><p>5. Klein, F., et al. Lithos178 (2013): 55-69.</p><p>6. Bjerga, A., et al. Lithos227 (2015): 21-36.</p><p>7. Bultel, B. (Doctoral dissertation, Lyon). (2016).</p>

Leka Ophiolite Complex as analogy to the serpentinization-carbonation system on Mars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bultel ◽  
Agata M. Krzesińska ◽  
Damien Loizeau ◽  
Cateline Lantz ◽  
François Poulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Ophiolite Complex ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Accessory Minerals ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Alteration Minerals ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Mineralogical Assemblage

<p>Jezero Crater is the landing site of the Mars2020 NASA rover. The crater in its early history hosted a paleolake with at least two deltas remaining. The Jezero lake belongs to a larger system - the Nili Fossae region – which exposes a mineralogical assemblage interpreted as a serpentinization/carbonation system [1].  While the main alteration minerals in Jezero are identified, little is known about the accessory minerals. The latter could reveal critical information about the conditions of serpentinization/carbonation [2; 3]. Moreover, several aspects are yet to be solved: Are the carbonates resulting of primary alteration or reworked origin [4]? Is the mineralogical assemblage modified after deposition in the lake (weathering)? What is the nature of the protolith that could contains up to 30% of olivine [5]?</p><p>The Nili Fossae-Jezero system has its potential analogue in terrestrial serpentinized and carbonated rocks, such as the Leka Ophiolite Complex, Leka Island, Norway, (PTAL collection, https://www.ptal.eu), which records complex weathering of serpentinite formed from mafic to ultramafic rock [6].</p><p>We perform petrological and mineralogical analyses on thin sections to characterize the weathering products in Leka samples, and combine with Near Infrared Spectroscopy measurements. We study the significance of the mineralogical assemblages including solid solution composition and nature of accessory minerals. The consequence for habitability potential might be important. Indeed, the amount of H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> production in mafic or ultramafic system vary significantly [2; 7]. This could represent crucial information that could guide future in-situ operations but could also help for a better interpretation of the remote sensing data.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>References:</p><ol><li>Brown, A. J., et al. EPSL297.1-2 (2010): 174-182.</li> <li>Klein, F., et al. Lithos178 (2013): 55-69.</li> <li>Gysi, A. P., & A. Stefánsson. GCA75.17 (2011): 4728-4751.</li> <li>Horgan, B., et al. Second International Mars Sample Return. Vol. 2071. 2018.</li> <li>Ody, A., et al. JGR: Planets118.2 (2013): 234-262.</li> <li>Bjerga, A., et al. Lithos227 (2015): 21-36.</li> <li>Bultel, B. (Doctoral dissertation, Lyon). (2016).</li> </ol>

scholarly journals PETROGRAPHIC FEATURES AND MODELLING OF SOME WATERFALL ROCKS IN KENYIR LAKE, TERENGGANU: A MICROSCOPIC PERSPECTIVE APPROACH IN SUSTAINABLE GEOTOURISM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhd Nur Ismail Abdul Rahman ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Norzaimie Roslan ◽  
Nor Bakhiah Baharim ◽  
Azman Abdul Ghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Rock Body ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
The Public ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Thin Section Petrography ◽  
Geomorphological Features

Waterfalls around Kenyir Lake, Terengganu naturally serve as an iconic symbol of amazing rock bounded formation amidst the wilderness, which stores a hidden story for millions of years. The waterfalls feeding the Kenyir Lake have become tourists’ main attractions since they are located separately on a different island. There are three naturally picturesque waterfalls worth seeing in the study area, namely Sungai Buweh Waterfall, Lasir Waterfall, and Saok Waterfall, which are made up of granitic rock body that emerged in the Eastern Belt during the Late Triassic (~251.2 Ma). To date, the waterfall landscape in any area concerned with geotourism focusses more on outcrop architecture and geomorphological features, but has only limited accessibility to rock records. This study was carried out to evaluate the geo heritage features, of the waterfall landscape as well as its rock-forming minerals. Three rock samples were carefully collected from the waterfalls and subsequently prepared for optical thin section petrography analysis using a polarised light microscope. The optical thin section petrography further revealed precise mineral compositions, fabrics, and microstructures. A photomicrograph of the thin sections was also taken at low and high magnification levels in plane polarised light (PPL) and cross polarised light (XPL). Additionally, petrographic modelling was constructed using optical microscopic data to help identify a microscopic mineral (a hidden material in rock) in detail so that the mineral becomes clear to both geologists and the public at large. Generally, this modelling will enlighten the public on the material embedded in the rocks and illustrate the importance of learning about rock-forming minerals as well as to embed the idea of making the waterfall a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). Besides making geology an interesting field to embark on, this mineral find affirms the beauty of the waterfalls for tourism purposes, thereby connecting geotourism and nature. The minerals from various constituents are also useful for scientific heritage purposes and may benefit the economy by serving as sustainable tourism while being part of a geopark.

scholarly journals RELAÇÃO ENTRE A BIOMASSA DA VEGETAÇÃO CAMPESTRE NATIVA E DADOS DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO ORBITAL

GEOgraphia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (45) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Carline Biasoli Trentin ◽  
Aline Biasoli Trentin ◽  
Dejanira Luderitz Saldanha
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Native Grasslands ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
The Relationship

As variações da resposta espectral da vegetação estão diretamente relacionadas com a quantidade de biomassa aérea produzida (estocada) além de outros pigmentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a biomassa aérea da vegetação através de uma relação entre a biomassa da parte aérea da vegetação campestre nativa coletada em campo e dados de sensoriamento remoto orbital, considerando as estações quente e fria do ano. Para estimar a biomassa aérea da vegetação campestre nativa a partir de dados espectrais, foram analisados os dados de quantidade de biomassa aérea instantânea coletada em campo durante o período de 2012 a 2014 e os dados da resposta espectral da vegetação (medidos pelo sensor MODIS). A partir da elaboração de um perfil temporal dos dados e um gráfico de dispersão entre os valores de biomassa aérea e dados espectrais, foram realizadas análises de correlação e análise de regressão linear, verificando a relação existente entre estes dois conjuntos de dados. Desta forma, observou-se que a vegetação campestre nativa do bioma Pampa tem um comportamento sazonal bem definido, com período de crescimento das espécies nos meses quentes do ano. Foi verificada uma relação direta entre a biomassa aérea e os índices EVI e NDVI e a banda espectral do NIR, com maiores valores no verão e menores no inverno. O coeficiente de correlação foi significativo para as bandas do azul, vermelho, NIR, EVI e NDVI. Desta forma, o modelo resultante demonstrou a aplicabilidade das imagens MODIS para a estimativa da biomassa aérea da vegetação campestre.Palavras-chave: Resposta espectral. Sensor MODIS. Bioma Pampa. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOMASS OF NATIVE GRASSLANDS AND REMOTE SENSING DATAAbstract: Variations of spectral response are directly related to the amount of aboveground biomass vegetation (stored) in addition to other pigments. We estimate the aboveground biomass vegetation through a relationship between aboveground biomass vegetation in grassland native collected in the field and remote sensing data in the hot and cold seasons of the period from 2012 to 2014. To estimate the biomass of grassland native air from spectral data, the data were related to amount of instant air field collected biomass during the period 2012 to 2014 versus the spectral response of vegetation data (measured by MODIS sensor). From the development of a temporal profile of data and a scatter plot between aboveground biomass values and spectral data, conducted analyses of correlation and linear regression analysis, noting the relationship between these two sets of data. In this way, it was observed a relationship between aboveground biomass and the indices EVI and NDVI and NIR spectral band, with highest values in summer and lower in winter. The correlation coefficient was significant for the bands of blue, red, NIR, EVI and NDVI. In this way, the resulting model demonstrated the applicability of MODIS images for the estimation of aboveground biomass of grassland vegetation.Keywords: Spectral response. MODIS sensor. Pampa Biome. RELACIONES ENTRE LA BIOMASA DE LA VEGETACIÓN CAMPESTRE NATIVA Y DATOS DE DETECCIÓN REMOTA ORBITALResumen: Las variaciones de la respuesta espectral de la vegetación están directamente relacionadas a la cantidad de biomasa aérea producida (estoqueada) además de otros pigmentos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la biomasa aérea de la vegetación a través de una relación entre la biomasa de la parte aérea de la vegetación campestre nativa colectada en el campo y datos de detección remota orbital, considerando las estaciones caliente y fría del año. Para estimar la biomasa aérea de la vegetación campestre nativa a partir de datos espectrales, fueron analisados los datos de cuantidad de biomasa aérea instantánea colectada en el campo durante el período de 2012 a 2014 y los datos de la respuesta espectral de la vegetación (medidos por el sensor MODIS). A partir de la elaboración de un perfil temporal de los datos y un gráfico de dispersión entre los valores de biomasa aérea y datos espectrales, fueron realizados análisis de correlación y análisis de regresión linear, verificando la relación existente entre estos dos conjuntos de datos. De esta manera, se observó que la vegetación campestre nativa del bioma Pampa tiene un comportamiento estacional bien definido, con período de crecimento de las especies en los meses calientes del año. Fue verificada una relación directa entre la biomasa aérea y los índices EVI y NDVI y la banda espectral del NIR, con mayores valores en el verano y menores en el invierno. El coeficiente de correlacción fue significativo para las bandas del azul, rojo, NIR, EVI y NDVI. Así, el modelo resultante demostró la aplicabilidad de las imagenes MODIS para la estimativa de la biomasa aérea de la vegetación campestre.Palabras clave: Respuesta espectral. Sensor MODIS. Bioma Pampa. 

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