Leka Ophiolite Complex as analogy to the serpentinization-carbonation system on Mars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bultel ◽  
Agata M. Krzesińska ◽  
Damien Loizeau ◽  
Cateline Lantz ◽  
François Poulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Ophiolite Complex ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Accessory Minerals ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Alteration Minerals ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Mineralogical Assemblage

<p>Jezero Crater is the landing site of the Mars2020 NASA rover. The crater in its early history hosted a paleolake with at least two deltas remaining. The Jezero lake belongs to a larger system - the Nili Fossae region – which exposes a mineralogical assemblage interpreted as a serpentinization/carbonation system [1].  While the main alteration minerals in Jezero are identified, little is known about the accessory minerals. The latter could reveal critical information about the conditions of serpentinization/carbonation [2; 3]. Moreover, several aspects are yet to be solved: Are the carbonates resulting of primary alteration or reworked origin [4]? Is the mineralogical assemblage modified after deposition in the lake (weathering)? What is the nature of the protolith that could contains up to 30% of olivine [5]?</p><p>The Nili Fossae-Jezero system has its potential analogue in terrestrial serpentinized and carbonated rocks, such as the Leka Ophiolite Complex, Leka Island, Norway, (PTAL collection, https://www.ptal.eu), which records complex weathering of serpentinite formed from mafic to ultramafic rock [6].</p><p>We perform petrological and mineralogical analyses on thin sections to characterize the weathering products in Leka samples, and combine with Near Infrared Spectroscopy measurements. We study the significance of the mineralogical assemblages including solid solution composition and nature of accessory minerals. The consequence for habitability potential might be important. Indeed, the amount of H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> production in mafic or ultramafic system vary significantly [2; 7]. This could represent crucial information that could guide future in-situ operations but could also help for a better interpretation of the remote sensing data.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>References:</p><ol><li>Brown, A. J., et al. EPSL297.1-2 (2010): 174-182.</li> <li>Klein, F., et al. Lithos178 (2013): 55-69.</li> <li>Gysi, A. P., & A. Stefánsson. GCA75.17 (2011): 4728-4751.</li> <li>Horgan, B., et al. Second International Mars Sample Return. Vol. 2071. 2018.</li> <li>Ody, A., et al. JGR: Planets118.2 (2013): 234-262.</li> <li>Bjerga, A., et al. Lithos227 (2015): 21-36.</li> <li>Bultel, B. (Doctoral dissertation, Lyon). (2016).</li> </ol>

Leka Ophiolite Complex as analogy to the serpentinization-carbonation system on Mars.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bultel ◽  
Agata Krzesinska ◽  
Damien Loizeau ◽  
François Poulet ◽  
Håkon O. Astrheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Ophiolite Complex ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Accessory Minerals ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Alteration Minerals

<p>Serpentinization and carbonation have affected ultramafic rocks on Noachian Mars in several places. Among the most prominent systems revealing mineral assemblages characteristic of serpentinization/carbonation is the Nili Fossae region [1]. Jezero crater – the target of the Mars 2020 rover –hosted a paleolake which constitutes a sink for sediments from Nili Fossae [1]. Thanks to the near infrared spectrometer onboard Mars2020 [2], the mission has the potential to offer ground truth measurement for other putative serpentinization/carbonation system documented on Mars. Several important aspects that may be addressed are: Do carbonates result from primary alteration of olivine-rich lithologies or are they derived by reprocessing of previous alteration minerals [3]? What is the composition? and nature of the protolith, which appear to be constituted of considerable amounts of olivine [4]? To reveal critical information regarding the conditions of serpentinization/carbonation, accessory minerals need detailed studies [1; 5]. In case of Jezero Crater, and serpentinization on Mars in general, the main alteration minerals are identified, but little is known about the accessory minerals.</p><p>The Nili Fossae-Jezero system has potential analogues in terrestrial serpentinized and carbonated rocks, such as the Leka Ophiolite Complex, Norway (PTAL collection, https://www.ptal.eu). Here, distinct mineral assemblages record different stages of hydration and carbonation of ultramafic rocks [6].</p><p>We perform petrological and mineralogical analyses on thin sections to characterize the major and trace minerals and combine with Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy measurements. We study the significance of the mineralogical assemblages including solid solution composition and nature of accessory minerals. Effect of the presence of accessory minerals on the NIR signal is investigated and their potential incidence on the amount of H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> production in mafic or ultramafic system is discussed [5; 8]. This could improve our understanding of serpentinization and carbonation processes on Mars, which can guide future in-situ operations and also help for a better interpretation of the remote sensing data acquired on other possible serpentinization/carbonation systems.</p><p><strong> </strong>References:</p><p>1. Brown, A. J., et al. EPSL297.1-2 (2010): 174-182.</p><p><span>2. Wiens, R.C., et al.  Space Sci Rev217</span><strong>, </strong><span>4 (2021).</span></p><p>3. Horgan, B., et al. Second International Mars Sample Return. Vol. 2071. 2018.</p><p>4. Ody, A., et al. JGR: Planets118.2 (2013): 234-262.</p><p>5. Klein, F., et al. Lithos178 (2013): 55-69.</p><p>6. Bjerga, A., et al. Lithos227 (2015): 21-36.</p><p>7. Bultel, B. (Doctoral dissertation, Lyon). (2016).</p>

Leka Ophiolite Complex as analogy to the serpentinization-carbonation system on Mars.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
benjamin bultel ◽  
Agata M. Krzesinska ◽  
Damien Loizeau ◽  
François Poulet ◽  
Håkon O. Astrheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Ophiolite Complex ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Accessory Minerals ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Alteration Minerals

<p>Serpentinization and carbonation have affected ultramafic rocks on Noachian Mars in several places called here serpentinization-carbonation systems (SCS). Among the most prominent SCS revealing mineral assemblages characteristic of serpentinization/carbonation is the Nili Fossae region [1]. Jezero crater – the target of the Mars 2020 rover –hosted a paleolake which constitutes a sink for sediments from Nili Fossae [1]. Thanks to the near infrared spectrometer onboard Mars2020 [2], the mission has the potential to offer ground truth measurement for other putative serpentinization/carbonation system documented on Mars. Several important aspects that may be addressed are: Do carbonates result from primary alteration of olivine-rich lithologies or are they derived by reprocessing of previous alteration minerals [3]? What is the composition? and nature of the protolith, which appear to be constituted of considerable amounts of olivine [4]? To reveal critical information regarding the conditions of serpentinization/carbonation, accessory minerals need detailed studies [1; 5]. In case of Jezero Crater, and serpentinization on Mars in general, the main alteration minerals are identified, but little is known about the accessory minerals.</p> <p>The Nili Fossae-Jezero system has potential analogues in terrestrial serpentinized and carbonated rocks, such as the Leka Ophiolite Complex, Norway (PTAL collection, https://www.ptal.eu). Here, distinct mineral assemblages record different stages of hydration and carbonation of ultramafic rocks [6].</p> <p>We perform petrological and mineralogical analyses on thin sections to characterize the major and trace minerals and combine with Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy measurements. A set of spectral parameters are defined and compare to spectral parameters previously used on CRISM and OMEGA data [1, 4, 7, 8]. We study the significance of the mineralogical assemblages including nature of accessory minerals. Effect of the presence of accessory minerals on the NIR signal is investigated and their potential incidence on the amount of H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> production in mafic or ultramafic system is discussed [5].</p> <p>We started to apply the newly defined spectral parameters on several SCS on Mars. Results confirm local carbonation of earlier serpentinized rocks and suggest that different protoliths could have led to diversity of mineralogical associations in SCS on Mars. Multiple detection of brucite are also suggested for the first time on Mars. Altogether our results help to better describe key geochemical conditions of the SCS on Mars for habitability potential of the martian crust and Mars’s evolution.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p>References:</p> <ul> <li>Brown, A. J., et al. <em>EPSL</em>1-2 (2010): 174-182.</li> <li>Wiens, R.C., et al.  <em>Space Sci Rev</em><strong>217, </strong>4 (2021).</li> <li>Horgan, B., et al. <em>Second International Mars Sample Return</em>. Vol. 2071. 2018.</li> <li>Ody, A., et al. <em>JGR: Planets</em>2 (2013): 234-262.</li> <li>Klein, F., et al. <em>Lithos</em>178 (2013): 55-69.</li> <li>Bjerga, A., et al. <em>Lithos</em>227 (2015): 21-36.</li> <li>Viviano-Beck et al, <em>JGR: Planets 11</em>8.9 (2013)</li> <li>Viviano-Beck et al, <em>JGR: Planets 119.6</em> (2014)</li> </ul>

scholarly journals Photometric properties of lunar regolith revealed by the Yutu-2 rover

2020 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. A35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglei Lin ◽  
Yazhou Yang ◽  
Yangting Lin ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Wavelength Dependence ◽  
Forward Scattering ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Moon

Context. The surface composition of the Moon has mainly determined based on the visible and near-infrared spectra achieved from orbits and/or landing sites, and the spectroscopic analysis is based on photometric properties of the topmost lunar regolith. However, the lack of a ground truth for the photometric parameters of the undisturbed lunar surface has limited accurate applications of spectral observations. Aims. Here we report the photometric properties of the small-scale (i.e., centimeter level) undisturbed lunar regolith around the Chang’E-4 landing site, determined from a series of photometric experiments conducted by the rover Yutu-2. Methods. The simplified Hapke model was used to derive the photometric properties. The micro-topographic effect on the spectral measurements was corrected for the first time in the in situ photometric investigations on the Moon, which improves the accuracy of the derived photometric parameters. Results. The single-scattering albedo w and two parameters (b, c) of the Henyey-Greenstein phase function were derived, and they show a wavelength dependence. The regolith at the Chang’E-4 landing site exhibits strong forward scattering according to the retrieved c values, and the higher asymmetry parameter indicates that the regolith here is more strongly forward scattering than the Apollo lunar soil samples. The derived photometric parameters can serve as ground truth and can be used in the radiative transfer modeling analysis of the orbital remote-sensing data.

scholarly journals Understanding Vine Hyperspectral Signature through Different Irrigation Plans: A First Step to Monitor Vineyard Water Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Eve Laroche-Pinel ◽  
Mohanad Albughdadi ◽  
Sylvie Duthoit ◽  
Véronique Chéret ◽  
Jacques Rousseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Spectral Scale ◽  
Grape Varieties

The main challenge encountered by Mediterranean winegrowers is water management. Indeed, with climate change, drought events are becoming more intense each year, dragging the yield down. Moreover, the quality of the vineyards is affected and the level of alcohol increases. Remote sensing data are a potential solution to measure water status in vineyards. However, important questions are still open such as which spectral, spatial, and temporal scales are adapted to achieve the latter. This study aims at using hyperspectral measurements to investigate the spectral scale adapted to measure their water status. The final objective is to find out whether it would be possible to monitor the vine water status with the spectral bands available in multispectral satellites such as Sentinel-2. Four Mediterranean vine plots with three grape varieties and different water status management systems are considered for the analysis. Results show the main significant domains related to vine water status (Short Wave Infrared, Near Infrared, and Red-Edge) and the best vegetation indices that combine these domains. These results give some promising perspectives to monitor vine water status.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and chemical properties inversed from 21-lunar-day VNIS observations taken during the Chang’E-4 mission

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghong Zeng ◽  
Shengbo Chen ◽  
Yuanzhi Zhang ◽  
Yongling Mu ◽  
Rui Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Crater ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Impact Melt ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractWe report on the mineralogical and chemical properties of materials investigated by the lunar rover Yutu-2, which landed on the Von Kármán crater in the pre-Nectarian South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin. Yutu-2 carried several scientific payloads, including the Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer (VNIS), which is used for mineral identification, offering insights into lunar evolution. We used 86 valid VNIS data for 21 lunar days, with mineral abundance obtained using the Hapke radiative transfer model and sparse unmixing algorithm and chemical compositions empirically estimated. The mineralogical properties of the materials at the Chang’E-4 (CE-4) site referred to as norite/gabbro, based on findings of mineral abundance, indicate that they may be SPA impact melt components excavated by a surrounding impact crater. We find that CE-4 materials are dominated by plagioclase and pyroxene and feature little olivine, with 50 of 86 observations showing higher LCP than HCP in pyroxene. In view of the effects of space weathering, olivine content may be underestimated, with FeO and TiO2 content estimated using the maturity-corrected method. Estimates of chemical content are 7.42–18.82 wt% FeO and 1.48–2.1 wt% TiO2, with a low-medium Mg number (Mg # ~ 55). Olivine-rich materials are not present at the CE-4 landing site, based on the low-medium Mg #. Multi-origin materials at the CE-4 landing site were analyzed with regard to concentrations of FeO and TiO2 content, supporting our conclusion that the materials at CE-4 do not have a single source but rather are likely a mixture of SPA impact melt components excavated by surrounding impact crater and volcanic product ejecta.

scholarly journals Snow dunes and glazed surfaces in Antarctica: new field and remote-sensing data

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Frezzotti ◽  
Stefano Gandolfi ◽  
Floriana La Marca ◽  
Stefano Urbini
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Glazed Surface ◽  
Transverse Dunes

AbstractAs part of the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition project, the Italian Antarctic Programme undertook two traverses from the Terra Nova station to Talos Dome and to Dome C. Along the traverses, the party carried out several tasks (drilling, glaciological and geophysical exploration). The difference in spectral response between glazed surfaces and snow makes it simple to identify these areas on visible/near-infrared satellite images. Integration of field observation and remotely sensed data allows the description of different mega-morphologic features: wide glazed surfaces, sastrugi glazed surface fields, transverse dunes and megadunes. Topography global positioning system, ground penetrating radar and detailed snow-surface surveys have been carried out, providing new information about the formation and evolution of mega-morphologic features. The extensive presence, (up to 30%) of glazed surface caused by a long hiatus in accumulation, with an accumulation rate of nil or slightly negative, has a significant impact on the surface mass balance of a wide area of the interior part of East Antarctica. The aeolian processes creating these features have important implications for the selection of optimum sites for ice coring, because orographic variations of even a few metres per kilometre have a significant impact on the snow-accumulation process. Remote-sensing surveys of aeolian macro-morphology provide a proven, high-quality method for detailed mapping of the interior of the ice sheet’s prevalent wind direction and could provide a relative indication of wind intensity.

Early stress detection in grapevine – can remotely-sensed sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence do the job?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Wohlfahrt ◽  
Albin Hammerle ◽  
Barbara Rainer ◽  
Florian Haas
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Mitigation Measures

<p>Ongoing changes in climate (both in the means and the extremes) are increasingly challenging grapevine production in the province of South Tyrol (Italy). Here we ask the question whether sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) observed remotely from space can detect early warning signs of stress in grapevine and thus help guide mitigation measures.</p><p>Chlorophyll fluorescence refers to light absorbed by chlorophyll molecules that is re-emitted in the red to far-red wavelength region. Previous research at leaf and canopy scale indicated that SIF correlates with the plant photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide as it competes for the same energy pool.</p><p>To address this question, we use time series of two down-scaled SIF products (GOME-2 and OCO-2, 2007/14-2018) as well as the original OCO-2 data (2014-2019). As a benchmark, we use several vegetation indices related to canopy greenness, as well as a novel near-infrared radiation-based vegetation index (2000-2019). Meteorological data fields are used to explore possible weather-related causes for observed deviations in remote sensing data. Regional DOC grapevine census data (2000-2019) are used as a reference for the analyses.</p>

Iron Alteration Minerals in the Visible and Near-Infrared Spectra of Low-Albedo Asteroids

Icarus ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith Vilas ◽  
Kandy S. Jarvis ◽  
Michael J. Gaffey
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
Alteration Minerals

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Approach for Burned Area Segmentation with Sentinel-2 Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2422
Author(s):  
Lisa Knopp ◽  
Marc Wieland ◽  
Michaela Rättich ◽  
Sandro Martinis
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Sentinel 2

Wildfires have major ecological, social and economic consequences. Information about the extent of burned areas is essential to assess these consequences and can be derived from remote sensing data. Over the last years, several methods have been developed to segment burned areas with satellite imagery. However, these methods mostly require extensive preprocessing, while deep learning techniques—which have successfully been applied to other segmentation tasks—have yet to be fully explored. In this work, we combine sensor-specific and methodological developments from the past few years and suggest an automatic processing chain, based on deep learning, for burned area segmentation using mono-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery. In particular, we created a new training and validation dataset, which is used to train a convolutional neural network based on a U-Net architecture. We performed several tests on the input data and reached optimal network performance using the spectral bands of the visual, near infrared and shortwave infrared domains. The final segmentation model achieved an overall accuracy of 0.98 and a kappa coefficient of 0.94.

scholarly journals Photometric Normalization of Chang’e-4 Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Datasets: A Combined Study of In-Situ and Laboratory Spectral Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3211
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Qi ◽  
Zongcheng Ling ◽  
Jiang Zhang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Haijun Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Near Infrared Imaging ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Quantitative Mineralogy ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Phase Functions ◽  
Phase Angles

Until 29 May 2020, the Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (VNIS) onboard the Yutu-2 Rover of the Chang’e-4 (CE-4) has acquired 96 high-resolution surface in-situ imaging spectra. These spectra were acquired under different illumination conditions, thus photometric normalization should be conducted to correct the introduced albedo differences before deriving the quantitative mineralogy for accurate geologic interpretations. In this study, a Lommel–Seeliger (LS) model and Hapke radiative transfer (Hapke) model were used and empirical phase functions of the LS model were derived. The values of these derived phase functions exhibit declining trends with the increase in phase angles and the opposition effect and phase reddening effect were observed. Then, we discovered from in-situ and laboratory measurements that the shadows caused by surface roughness have significant impacts on reflectance spectra and proper corrections were introduced. The validations of different phase functions showed that the maximum discrepancy at 1500 nm of spectra corrected by the LS model was less (~3.7%) than that by the Hapke model (~7.4%). This is the first time that empirical phase functions have been derived for a wavelength from 450 to 2395 nm using in-situ visible and near-infrared spectral datasets. Generally, photometrically normalized spectra exhibit smaller spectral slopes, lower FeO contents and larger optical maturity parameter (OMAT) than spectra without correction. In addition, the band centers of the 1 and 2 μm absorption features of spectra after photometric normalization exhibit a more concentrated distribution, indicating the compositional homogeneity of soils at the CE-4 landing site.

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