Proofs of non-stomatal limitations of potato photosynthesis during drought by using in-situ eddy covariance data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Beauclaire ◽  
Louis Gourlez de la Motte ◽  
Heinesch Bernard ◽  
Longdoz Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Daily Scale ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Stomatal Limitations

<p>Water stress in one of the main limiting factors in agro-systems, causing a reduction in gross primary production (GPP) and by extend, yields. However, it is still unclear to attribute whether the limitations of photosynthesis originate from a strict stomatal control (SOL) or from other non-stomatal limitations (NSOL). In this study, we investigated the effects of drought on potato crop by using eddy covariance data at the Lonzée Terrestrial Observatory during three consecutive cultivation periods (2010, 2014 and 2018). Regardless the years and the timing of the drought appearance, the maximum carboxylation rate V<sub>cmax</sub> (one of the NSOL) was reduced with decreasing REW, while the stomatal sensitivity to GPP parameter in the Medlyn et al. model (G<sub>1</sub>-SOL) remained constant. We showed that below the REW threshold of 0.55 ± 0.05, the non-consideration of NSOL in the ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> model led to an overestimation of the modelled GPP, which was about three times higher than its unstressed corresponding value. As a result, decreasing V<sub>cmax</sub> while maintaining G<sub>1</sub> constant was sufficient to reproduce GPP and canopy conductance dynamics during drought. At a sub-daily scale, the intrinsic water-use efficiency did not vary during drought, neither its dependence on VPD nor its hourly dynamics. This reinforced the hypothesis of direct and feedback effects of NSOL on canopy conductance and photosynthesis, which was supported by the uniform coupling between carbon and water fluxes. We recommend the implementation of NSOL in ecosystem CO<sub>2 </sub>models since non-stomatal factors were responsible for the decrease in potato crop GPP during drought.</p>

Combining isotopic and sap flux data to estimate GPP: an alternative ecophysiological approach to eddy-covariance based data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Vernay ◽  
Xianglin Tian ◽  
Jose Lopez ◽  
Niles Hasselquist ◽  
Annikki Mäkelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Sap Flow Measurements ◽  
Semi Empirical

<p>Stand-scale estimates of gross primary production (GPP) commonly depend on eddy-covariance or eddy-covariance derived models. Chamber-based methods provide an alternative, but they are tricky to scale up to the stand. We estimate GPP by combining isotopic δ<sup>13</sup>C of phloem sugars with sap-flow measurements. The method consists of calculating intrinsic water-use efficiency and transpiration to determine GPP. We have improved this approach by considering mesophyll conductance and seasonal variation in photosynthetic capacity and then compared our results to a semi-empirical eddy-covariance based model, PRELES. We compared a fertilised plot and an unfertilised plot in a monospecific Scots pine forest in northern Sweden. The method captured both the stand response to fertilisation and seasonal patterns, as PRELES did. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering a finite mesophyll conductance value to avoid an unreasonable overestimate of GPP. We have now applied the method in a mixed boreal forest where we will partition total stand GPP among the three dominant tree species (pine, spruce, and birch). This approach provides an independent test of GPP estimates and provides a means of estimating GPP where eddy-covariance assumptions are not met.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing the ability of three land ecosystem models to simulate gross carbon uptake of forests from boreal to Mediterranean climate in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jung ◽  
G. Le Maire ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
S. Luyssaert ◽  
M. Vetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Limited Region ◽  
Eddy Covariance Measurements ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract. Three terrestrial biosphere models (LPJ, Orchidee, Biome-BGC) were evaluated with respect to their ability to simulate large-scale climate related trends in gross primary production (GPP) across European forests. Simulated GPP and leaf area index (LAI) were compared with GPP estimates based on flux separated eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange and LAI measurements along a temperature gradient ranging from the boreal to the Mediterranean region. The three models capture qualitatively the pattern suggested by the site data: an increase in GPP from boreal to temperate and a subsequent decline from temperate to Mediterranean climates. The models consistently predict higher GPP for boreal and lower GPP for Mediterranean forests. Based on a decomposition of GPP into absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (APAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE), the overestimation of GPP for the boreal coniferous forests appears to be primarily related to too high simulated LAI - and thus light absorption (APAR) – rather than too high radiation use efficiency. We cannot attribute the tendency of the models to underestimate GPP in the water limited region to model structural deficiencies with confidence. A likely dry bias of the input meteorological data in southern Europe may create this pattern. On average, the models compare similarly well to the site GPP data (RMSE of ~30% or 420 gC/m2/yr) but differences are apparent for different ecosystem types. In terms of absolute values, we find the agreement between site based GPP estimates and simulations acceptable when we consider uncertainties about the accuracy in model drivers, a potential representation bias of the eddy covariance sites, and uncertainties related to the method of deriving GPP from eddy covariance measurements data. Continental to global data-model comparison studies should be fostered in the future since they are necessary to identify consistent model bias along environmental gradients.

Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations of photosynthesis under water stress in field-grown grapevines

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Escalona ◽  
J. Flexas ◽  
H. Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Processes ◽  
Stomatal Limitations

Long-term induced water stress in field-grown grapevine leads to a progressive decline of stomatal conductance, accompanied by a decrease in CO 2 assimilation (40%). The apparent quantum yield also decreases (59%), which may reflect a relative increase in alternative processes for electron consumption. There is also a shift to non-stomatal regulation, as judged from significant depletions (37%) in maximum photosynthesis rate at saturating CO 2 related to limited ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) regeneration, whereas small, non-significant effects are observed on carboxylation efficiency. A high correlation (87%) between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance is observed for all experimental data and declines in intercellular CO 2 concentration parallel reductions in stomatal conductance. The data show that field response of grapevines to increasing soil water deficit involves stomatal and non-stomatal effects but, due to gradually induced drought, regulation mechanisms able to adjust mesophyll capacity to the average CO 2 supply. The non-stomatal adjustment seems to be exerted mainly in metabolic pathways related with the RuBP regeneration. Contrasting characteristics were observed for both cultivars. Tempranillo exploited the non-stressful conditions successfully, whereas Manto Negro, responding to its reputation as more drought resistant, showed a higher intrinsic water use efficiency, particularly for low water availability. This advantage seems to be due to lower non-stomatal limitations.

scholarly journals Estimation of Terrestrial Global Gross Primary Production (GPP) with Satellite Data-Driven Models and Eddy Covariance Flux Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Joiner ◽  
Yasuko Yoshida ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Gregory Duveiller ◽  
Martin Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Satellite Observation ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Use Efficiency

We estimate global terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) based on models that use satellite data within a simplified light-use efficiency framework that does not rely upon other meteorological inputs. Satellite-based geometry-adjusted reflectances are from the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and provide information about vegetation structure and chlorophyll content at both high temporal (daily to monthly) and spatial (∼1 km) resolution. We use satellite-derived solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) to identify regions of high productivity crops and also evaluate the use of downscaled SIF to estimate GPP. We calibrate a set of our satellite-based models with GPP estimates from a subset of distributed eddy covariance flux towers (FLUXNET 2015). The results of the trained models are evaluated using an independent subset of FLUXNET 2015 GPP data. We show that variations in light-use efficiency (LUE) with incident PAR are important and can be easily incorporated into the models. Unlike many LUE-based models, our satellite-based GPP estimates do not use an explicit parameterization of LUE that reduces its value from the potential maximum under limiting conditions such as temperature and water stress. Even without the parameterized downward regulation, our simplified models are shown to perform as well as or better than state-of-the-art satellite data-driven products that incorporate such parameterizations. A significant fraction of both spatial and temporal variability in GPP across plant functional types can be accounted for using our satellite-based models. Our results provide an annual GPP value of ∼140 Pg C year - 1 for 2007 that is within the range of a compilation of observation-based, model, and hybrid results, but is higher than some previous satellite observation-based estimates.

scholarly journals Assessing the ability of three land ecosystem models to simulate gross carbon uptake of forests from boreal to Mediterranean climate in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1353-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jung ◽  
G. Le Maire ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
S. Luyssaert ◽  
M. Vetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Eddy Covariance Measurements ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract. We evaluate three terrestrial biosphere models (LPJ, Orchidee, Biome-BGC) with respect to their capacity to simulate climate related trends in gross primary production (GPP) of forests in Europe. We compare simulated GPP and leaf area index (LAI) with GPP estimates based on flux separated eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and LAI measurements along a gradient in mean annual temperature from the boreal to the Mediterranean.The three models capture qualitatively the pattern suggested by the site data: an increase in GPP from boreal to temperate and a subsequent decline from temperate to Mediterranean climates. The models consistently predict higher GPP for boreal and lower GPP for Mediterranean forests. Based on a decomposition of GPP into absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (APAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE), the overestimation of GPP for the boreal zone appears to be primarily related to too high simulated LAI - and thus light absorption (APAR) – rather than too high radiation use efficiency. On average, the models compare similarly well to the site GPP data (RMSE of ~30% or 420 gC/m2/yr) but differences are apparent for different ecosystem types. Given uncertainties about the accuracy in model drivers, a potential representation bias of the eddy covariance sites, and uncertainties related to the method of deriving GPP from eddy covariance measurements data, we find the agreement between site data and simulations acceptable, providing confidence in simulations of GPP for European forests.

scholarly journals Carbon balance of a Finnish bog: temporal variability and limiting factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Alekseychik ◽  
Aino Korrensalo ◽  
Ivan Mammarella ◽  
Samuli Launiainen ◽  
Eeva-Stiina Tuittila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Ch4 Emission

Abstract. Pristine boreal mires are known as substantial sinks of carbon dioxide (CO2) and net emitters of methane (CH4). Natural bogs constitute a major fraction of boreal mires. However, the bog CO2 and CH4 balances are poorly known, having been largely estimated based on discrete and short term measurements by manual chambers, and seldom using the eddy-covariance (EC) technique. Eddy-covariance (EC) measurements of CO2 and CH4 exchange were conducted in the Siikaneva mire complex in southern Finland in 2011–2016. The site is a patterned bog having a moss/sedge/shrub vegetation typical of Eurasian southern Taiga, with several ponds near the EC tower. The study presents a complete series of CO2 and CH4 EC flux measurements and identifies the environmental factors controlling the ecosystem-atmosphere CO2 and CH4 exchange. A 6-year average growing season (May–September) cumulative CO2 exchange of −60 g C m−2 was observed, which partitions into mean total respiration (Re) of 167 (146–197 annually) g C m−2 and mean gross primary production (GPP) of 228 (193–257 annually) g C m−2, while the corresponding CH4 emission amounts to 7.1 (6.4...8.4) g C m−2. The contribution of October–December CO2 and CH4 fluxes to the cumulative sums was not negligible based on the measurements during one winter. GPP, Re and CH4 fluxes increased with temperature, and did not show a strong decline even after a substantial water table drawdown in 2011. Instead, GPP, Re and FCH4 became suppressed in cool, cloudy and wet conditions of 2012. May–September cumulative net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of 2013–2016 remained at about −73 g C m−2, in contrast to the hot and dry year 2011 and the wet and cool year 2012, when suboptimal weather likely degraded the net sink by 20 and 40 g C m−2, correspondingly. The cumulative growing season sums of GPP and CH4 emission showed a strong positive relationship. The EC source area was found to be comprised of 8 distinct surface types. However, footprint analyses revealed that contributions of different surface types varied only within 10–20 % with respect to wind direction and stability conditions. Consequently, no clear link between CO2 and CH4 fluxes and footprint composition was found, despite the apparent variation of fluxes with wind direction.

scholarly journals Net primary productivity, allocation pattern and carbon use efficiency in an apple orchard assessed by integrating eddy covariance, biometric and continuous soil chamber measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 3089-3108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zanotelli ◽  
L. Montagnani ◽  
G. Manca ◽  
M. Tagliavini
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Carbon Use Efficiency ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. Carbon use efficiency (CUE), the ratio of net primary production (NPP) over gross primary production (GPP), is a functional parameter that could possibly link the current increasingly accurate global GPP estimates with those of net ecosystem exchange, for which global predictors are still unavailable. Nevertheless, CUE estimates are actually available for only a few ecosystem types, while information regarding agro-ecosystems is scarce, in spite of the simplified spatial structure of these ecosystems that facilitates studies on allocation patterns and temporal growth dynamics. We combined three largely deployed methods, eddy covariance, soil respiration and biometric measurements, to assess monthly values of CUE, NPP and allocation patterns in different plant organs in an apple orchard during a complete year (2010). We applied a measurement protocol optimized for quantifying monthly values of carbon fluxes in this ecosystem type, which allows for a cross check between estimates obtained from different methods. We also attributed NPP components to standing biomass increments, detritus cycle feeding and lateral exports. We found that in the apple orchard, both net ecosystem production and gross primary production on a yearly basis, 380 ± 30 g C m−2 and 1263 ± 189 g C m−2 respectively, were of a magnitude comparable to those of natural forests growing in similar climate conditions. The largest differences with respect to forests are in the allocation pattern and in the fate of produced biomass. The carbon sequestered from the atmosphere was largely allocated to production of fruit: 49% of annual NPP was taken away from the ecosystem through apple production. Organic material (leaves, fine root litter, pruned wood and early fruit falls) contributing to the detritus cycle was 46% of the NPP. Only 5% was attributable to standing biomass increment, while this NPP component is generally the largest in forests. The CUE, with an annual average of 0.71 ± 0.12, was higher than the previously suggested constant values of 0.47–0.50. Low nitrogen investment in fruit, the limited root apparatus, and the optimal growth temperature and nutritional condition observed at the site are suggested to be explanatory variables for the high CUE observed.

Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations of photosynthesis under water stress in field-grown grapevines

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Escalona ◽  
J. Flexas ◽  
H. Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Processes ◽  
Stomatal Limitations

Long-term induced water stress in field-grown grapevine leads to a progressive decline of stomatal conductance, accompanied by a decrease in CO 2 assimilation (40%). The apparent quantum yield also decreases (59%), which may reflect a relative increase in alternative processes for electron consumption. There is also a shift to non-stomatal regulation, as judged from significant depletions (37%) in maximum photosynthesis rate at saturating CO 2 related to limited ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) regeneration, whereas small, non-significant effects are observed on carboxylation efficiency. A high correlation (87%) between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance is observed for all experimental data and declines in intercellular CO 2 concentration parallel reductions in stomatal conductance. The data show that field response of grapevines to increasing soil water deficit involves stomatal and non-stomatal effects but, due to gradually induced drought, regulation mechanisms able to adjust mesophyll capacity to the average CO 2 supply. The non-stomatal adjustment seems to be exerted mainly in metabolic pathways related with the RuBP regeneration. Contrasting characteristics were observed for both cultivars. Tempranillo exploited the non-stressful conditions successfully, whereas Manto Negro, responding to its reputation as more drought resistant, showed a higher intrinsic water use efficiency, particularly for low water availability. This advantage seems to be due to lower non-stomatal limitations.

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