Characterisation of Martian soil simulant MMS-1 in mixture with green compost for future sustainable space agriculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Adamo ◽  
Simona Vingiani ◽  
Mario Palladino ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
Luigi G. Duri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Crop Waste ◽  
Martian Regolith

<p>The configuration of a biologically active and fertile substrate consisting mainly of Martian regolith to facilitate the growth of edible plants during long-term manned missions to Mars constitutes one of the main challenges in spatial research. Regolith amendment with compost derived from recycled crew effluent crop waste generated by bioregenerative life support systems constitutes a substrate that may contribute to upgrade crew autonomy and long-term survival in space. In this context, the present work aimed to: i) study the geochemical and mineralogical composition of MMS-1 Mars simulant and the physicochemical and hydraulic properties of mixtures obtained by mixing MMS-1 and green compost at varying rates (0:100, 30:70, 70:30, 100:0; v:v); ii) evaluate the potential use of MMS-1 as growing medium of two lettuce cultivars; iii) assess how compost addition may impact on sustainability of space agriculture exploiting local resources. MMS-1 is a coarse-textured alkaline substrate consisting mostly of plagioclase, amorphous material and, to a lesser extent, zeolite, hematite and smectites. Although it can be source of nutrients, it lacks of organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S), which may be supplied by compost. Both lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars were able to grow on all mixtures for 19 days under fertigation. Red Salanova lettuce produced a statistically-greater dry biomass, leaf area and number than green Salanova. Leaf area and plant dry biomass were higher on 30:70 simulant/compost mixture. The shoot/root ratio of plants decreased as simulant in growth substrate increased. Lack of biological fertility and possible salt stress negatively impacted on plants grown in non-amended simulant. Our results show that it is possible to grow crops in Martian simulants adequately amended and fertilized. However, many remaining issue warrant further investigation concerning the dynamics of compost production, standardization of supply during long-term manned missions and representativeness of simulants to real Martian regolith.</p><p> </p>

Advanced cardiac life support training improves long-term survival from in-hospital cardiac arrest

Resuscitation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Antonio Moretti ◽  
Luiz Antonio Machado Cesar ◽  
Amit Nusbacher ◽  
Karl B. Kern ◽  
Sergio Timerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Advanced Cardiac Life Support ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

scholarly journals The Potential for Lunar and Martian Regolith Simulants to Sustain Plant Growth: A Multidisciplinary Overview

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Giuseppe Duri ◽  
Antonio Giandonato Caporale ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Simona Vingiani ◽  
Mario Palladino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Martian Regolith

Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) are conceived of and developed so as to provide food sources for crewed missions to the Moon or Mars. The in situ resource utilization (ISRU) approach aims to reduce terrestrial input into a BLSS by using native regoliths and recycled organic waste as primary resources. The combination of BLSS and ISRU may allow sustainable food production on Moon and Mars. This task poses several challenges, including the effects of partial gravity, the limited availability of oxygen and water, and the self-sustaining management of resources. Lunar and Martian regoliths are not available on Earth; therefore, space research studies are conducted on regolith simulants that replicate the physicochemical properties of extra-terrestrial regoliths (as assessed in situ by previous missions). This review provides an overview of the physicochemical properties and mineralogical composition of commercially available Lunar and Martian regolith simulants. Subsequently, it describes potential strategies and sustainable practices for creating regolith simulants akin to terrestrial soil, which is a highly dynamic environment where microbiota and humified organic matter interact with the mineral moiety. These strategies include the amendment of simulants with composted organic wastes, which can turn nutrient-poor and alkaline crushed rocks into efficient life-sustaining substrates equipped with enhanced physical, hydraulic, and chemical properties. In this regard, we provide a comprehensive analysis of recent scientific works focusing on the exploitation of regolith simulant-based substrates as plant growth media. The literature discussion helps identify the main critical aspects and future challenges related to sustainable space farming by the in situ use and enhancement of Lunar and Martian resources.

Long-term survival after extracorporeal life support in children with neutropenic sepsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sile Smith ◽  
Warwick Butt ◽  
Derek Best ◽  
Graeme MacLaren
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Neutropenic Sepsis

Long-Term Survival Outcomes and Causes of Late Death in Neonates, Infants, and Children Treated With Extracorporeal Life Support*

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akane Iguchi ◽  
Deborah A. Ridout ◽  
Sonsoles Galan ◽  
Carole Bodlani ◽  
Katie Squire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Late Death

scholarly journals Long-term survival and quality of life after extracorporeal life support: a 10-year report†

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Camboni ◽  
Alois Philipp ◽  
Verena Rottenkolber ◽  
Matthaeus Zerdzitzki ◽  
Andreas Holzamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

scholarly journals Out of the Ordinary: Confronting Paradox in the Historiography of Francoism

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Stephanie Wright
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
Recent Developments

On 19 November 1975 Francisco Franco lay dying in Madrid's La Paz hospital. Clutching the cloak of the Virgin del Pilar, and with the ill-gotten relic of St Teresa of Ávila's hand at his bedside, the ailing dictator would soon depart this existence following the withdrawal of life support. For Enrique Moradiellos in Franco: Anatomy of a Dictator, the juxtaposition of modernity and tradition within this deathbed scene was emblematic of the countless paradoxes which characterised the Francoist dictatorship in its later years. Since the dictator's death scholars have continued to grapple with such paradoxes, struggling over how best to define a regime which has come to occupy a notoriously contentious space within contemporary Spanish politics and society. Like a fairground hall of mirrors, historical representations of Francoism have been stretched or squashed by different analytical frames, shaped in many cases by the political and social legacies of the dictatorship. Despite dubious claims to ‘objectivity’, the regime's apologists depict Francoism as a stabilising antidote to the ‘chaos’ of republicanism, conveniently overlooking the destruction and misery which followed the coup of 18 July 1936. Meanwhile, those who seek justice for the regime's victims continue to emphasise the repressive nature of the dictatorship. Though an important component of Francoism's modus operandi, repression does not, by itself, help us to fully understand Francoism's long-term survival or the consent it secured from millions of ordinary Spaniards. The titles under review reflect an increasing willingness to confront Francoism's many contradictions head-on, and to regard the paradoxical nature of the regime not as a conceptual knot to be disentangled, but as a historiographical problem in itself. Historians exploring the experiences of ‘ordinary’ people have proved particularly adept at addressing such complexities, as have scholars adopting comparative or transnational frameworks which reach beyond traditional emphasis on fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. The titles surveyed in this article offer a snapshot of recent developments in the field, while signposting potential avenues through which historians of Francoism might contribute to broader discussions within the historiography of modern Europe.

scholarly journals Outcome of Patients who Have Therapy Withheld or Withdrawn in ICU

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lewis ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
S. A. R. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Hospital Survival ◽  
Death Registry

Many deaths among patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) occur following the withdrawal or withholding of life support. Following limitation of life support, most of these patients die in the ICU or ward after the decision to limit life support is made, although some may survive to hospital discharge. This study described the characteristics of patients who had life support limitations in ICU and their subsequent in-hospital and out-of-hospital survival using linked data from the state's death registry. Among 26,019 ICU admissions between 1987 and 2002 there were 396 patients (1.5%) who had life support limitations. The hospital mortality of the patients who had life support limitations was 97.7% and this accounted for 16.2% of the hospital mortality of all ICU admissions. Of the 396 patients who had life support limitations, 315 patients (79.5%) died in the ICU, 72 patients (18.2%) died in the wards and nine patients (2.3%) were discharged from hospital. Of these nine patients who survived to hospital discharge, four died within 10 days of hospital discharge and a further two died within six months. There were two patients, both with significant neurological disabilities at hospital discharge, who survived for longer than three years after hospital discharge. Long-term survival in critically ill patients who had life support limitations was very rare in this ICU.

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