scholarly journals Manure nitrogen production and application in cropland and rangeland during 1860–2014: A 5-minute gridded global data set for Earth system modeling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Zhang ◽  
Hanqin Tian ◽  
Chaoqun Lu ◽  
Shree R. S. Dangal ◽  
Jia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Earth System Modeling ◽  
Global Data

Abstract. Given the important role of nitrogen input from livestock system in the terrestrial nutrient cycles and the atmospheric chemical composition, it is vital to have a robust estimation of the magnitude, spatiotemporal variation of manure nitrogen production and the application to cropland and rangeland across the globe. In this study, we used the dataset from Global Livestock Impact Mapping System (GLIMS) in conjunction with country-specific annual livestock population to reconstruct the manure nitrogen production from 1860 to 2014. The estimated manure nitrogen production increased from 21.4 Tg N yr−1 in 1860 to 131.0 Tg N yr−1 in 2014, with a significant increasing trend during 1860–2014 (0.7 Tg N yr−1, p < 0.01). Changes in manure nitrogen production exhibited highly spatial variability and concentrated in several hotspots (e.g., Western Europe, India, Northeast China and Southeast Australia) across the globe over the study period. In the 1860s, northern mid-latitude accounted for ~ 52 % of the global total manure production, while tropical region became the largest share (~ 48 %) in the recent five years (2010–2014). Among all the continents, Asia accounted for over one-fourth of the global manure production during 1860–2014. Cattle dominated the manure nitrogen production and contributed ~ 44 % of the total manure nitrogen production in 2014, followed by goat, sheep, chicken and swine. The manure nitrogen production applied to cropland and rangeland accounts for less than one-fifth of the total manure nitrogen production over the study period. The 5-arc minute gridded global data set of manure nitrogen production generated from this study could be used as an input for global or regional land surface/ecosystem models to evaluate the impacts of manure nitrogen on key biogeochemical processes and water quality, and the best management practices of manure nitrogen applications to cropland and rangeland across the globe could be important for food security and environmental sustainability. Datasets available at: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.871980.

scholarly journals Global manure nitrogen production and application in cropland during 1860–2014: a 5 arcmin gridded global dataset for Earth system modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Zhang ◽  
Hanqin Tian ◽  
Chaoqun Lu ◽  
Shree R. S. Dangal ◽  
Jia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Earth System Modeling ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Livestock Systems

Abstract. Given the important role of nitrogen input from livestock systems in terrestrial nutrient cycles and the atmospheric chemical composition, it is vital to have a robust estimation of the magnitude and spatiotemporal variation in manure nitrogen production and its application to cropland across the globe. In this study, we used the dataset from the Global Livestock Impact Mapping System (GLIMS) in conjunction with country-specific annual livestock populations to reconstruct the manure nitrogen production during 1860–2014. The estimated manure nitrogen production increased from 21.4 Tg N yr−1 in 1860 to 131.0 Tg N yr−1 in 2014 with a significant annual increasing trend (0.7 Tg N yr−1, p < 0.01). Changes in manure nitrogen production exhibited high spatial variability and concentrated in several hotspots (e.g., Western Europe, India, northeastern China, and southeastern Australia) across the globe over the study period. In the 1860s, the northern midlatitude region was the largest manure producer, accounting for ∼ 52 % of the global total, while low-latitude regions became the largest share (∼ 48 %) in the most recent 5 years (2010–2014). Among all the continents, Asia accounted for over one-fourth of the global manure production during 1860–2014. Cattle dominated the manure nitrogen production and contributed ∼ 44 % of the total manure nitrogen production in 2014, followed by goats, sheep, swine, and chickens. The manure nitrogen application to cropland accounts for less than one-fifth of the total manure nitrogen production over the study period. The 5 arcmin gridded global dataset of manure nitrogen production generated from this study could be used as an input for global or regional land surface and ecosystem models to evaluate the impacts of manure nitrogen on key biogeochemical processes and water quality. To ensure food security and environmental sustainability, it is necessary to implement proper manure management practices on cropland across the globe. Datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.871980 (Zhang et al., 2017).

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns of plantation forests in the United States since the 1930s: An annual and gridded data set for regional Earth system modeling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangsheng Chen ◽  
Shufen Pan ◽  
Daniel J. Hayes ◽  
Hanqin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Earth System Modeling ◽  
Plantation Management ◽  
Plantation Forests

Abstract. Plantation forest area in the conterminous United States (CONUS) ranked second among the world’s nations in the land area apportioned to forest plantation management. As compared to the naturally-regenerated forests, plantation forests demonstrate significant differences in biophysical characteristics, and biogeochemical and hydrological cycles as a result of more intensive management practices. Inventory data have been reported for multiple time periods at plot, state and regional scales across the CONUS, but there lacks the requisite annual and spatially-explicit plantation data set over a long-term period for analysis of the role of plantation management at regional or national scale. Through synthesizing multiple inventory data sources, this study developed methods to spatialize the time series plantation forest and tree species distribution data for the CONUS over the 1928–2012 time period. According to this new data set, plantation forest area increased from near zero in the 1930s to 268.27 thousand km2 by 2012, accounting for 8.65 % of the total forest land area in the CONUS. Regionally, the South contained the highest proportion of plantation forests, accounting for about 19.34 % of total forest land area in 2012. This time series and gridded data set developed here can be readily applied in regional Earth system modeling frameworks for assessing the impacts of plantation management practices on forest productivity, carbon and nitrogen stocks, and greenhouse gas (e.g., CO2, CH4 and N2O) and water fluxes at regional or national scales. The gridded plantation distribution and tree species maps, the state-level tree planting area and plantation distribution area during 1928–2012 are available from doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.873558.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns of plantation forests in the United States since the 1930s: an annual and gridded data set for regional Earth system modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangsheng Chen ◽  
Shufen Pan ◽  
Daniel J. Hayes ◽  
Hanqin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Gridded Data ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Earth System Modeling ◽  
Plantation Forests

Abstract. Plantation forest area in the conterminous United States (CONUS) ranked second among the world's nations in the land area apportioned to forest plantation. As compared to the naturally regenerated forests, plantation forests demonstrate significant differences in biophysical characteristics, and biogeochemical and hydrological cycles as a result of more intensive management practices. Inventory data have been reported for multiple time periods on plot, state, and regional scales across the CONUS, but the requisite annual and spatially explicit plantation data set over a long-term period for analysis of the role of plantation management on regional or national scales is lacking. Through synthesis of multiple inventory data sources, this study developed methods to spatialize the time series plantation forest and tree species distribution data for the CONUS over the 1928–2012 time period. According to this new data set, plantation forest area increased from near zero in the 1930s to 268.27 thousand km2 in 2012, accounting for 8.65 % of the total forestland area in the CONUS. Regionally, the South contained the highest proportion of plantation forests, accounting for about 19.34 % of total forestland area in 2012. This time series and gridded data set developed here can be readily applied in regional Earth system modeling frameworks for assessing the impacts of plantation management practices on forest productivity, carbon and nitrogen stocks, and greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, CH4, and N2O) and water fluxes on regional or national scales. The gridded plantation distribution and tree species maps, and the interpolated state-level annual tree planting area and plantation area during 1928–2012, are available from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.873558.

scholarly journals Combining efficiency and innovation to enhance performance: Evidence from firms in emerging economies

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Tian ◽  
Vai Io Lo ◽  
Xiaoxuan Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Combining Efficiency ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
Innovation Processes

AbstractThis paper extends the resource-capability-based view in strategic management and discusses the capabilities for the firms to stay competitive in emerging economies. Faced with low levels of efficiency, technology, and skills, firms in emerging economies need to implement best management practices to overcome operational inefficiency while engage in innovation processes to address new opportunities. They have to develop the capabilities to enhance efficiency, the capabilities to undertake innovation, and the synthesis capabilities to combine the two to keep rivals at bay. The paper tests hypotheses against a data set of more than 20,000 firms from 36 emerging economies provided by the World Bank in 2012–2015 and finds strong evidence to support the arguments. The paper finds that the three sets of capabilities are positively related to productivity and, through it, financial performance.

scholarly journals A gridded global data set of soil, intact regolith, and sedimentary deposit thicknesses for regional and global land surface modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon D. Pelletier ◽  
Patrick D. Broxton ◽  
Pieter Hazenberg ◽  
Xubin Zeng ◽  
Peter A. Troch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Land Surface Modeling ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Sedimentary Deposit ◽  
Global Data

Atmospheric measurements over oceans on German research vessels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kinne
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Earth System Modeling ◽  
Atmospheric Remote Sensing ◽  
German Research ◽  
Ground Monitoring ◽  
Global Data

&lt;p&gt;Ground-based remote sensing of atmospheric properties complements satellite remote sensing from space. Hereby the well-defined solar background of ground-based samples offers data of higher accuracy, which help to constrain (needed) assumptions in global data-sets of satellite remote sensing and earth system modeling. With ground monitoring largely limited to land or island surfaces, efforts have been made to add at least a few reference data over oceans with atmospheric remote sensing activities during ship cruises of opportunity. This presentation reports on recent voyages with German Research vessels (i.e. SONNE, MERIAN, METEOR and POLARSTERN) and how samples on these voyages have contributed to a better representation of marine properties for aerosol, trace-gases and clouds. Aside from establishing references for satellite remote sensing and modeling, relationships among different atmospheric properties also offer observational constrains for parametrizations of atmospheric processes in modeling. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Coupled earth system modeling on heterogeneous HPC architectures with ParFlow in the Terrestrial Systems Modeling Platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaro Hokkanen ◽  
Stefan Kollet ◽  
Jiri Kraus ◽  
Andreas Herten ◽  
Markus Hrywniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Memory Management ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Earth System Modeling ◽  
Domain Specific

&lt;p&gt;Rapidly changing heterogeneous supercomputer architectures pose a great challenge to many scientific communities trying to leverage the latest technology in high-performance computing. Implementations that simultaneously result in a good performance and developer productivity while keeping the codebase adaptable and well maintainable in the long-term are of high importance. ParFlow, a widely used hydrologic model, achieves these attributes by hiding the architecture-dependent code in preprocessor macros (ParFlow embedded Domain Specific Language, eDSL) and leveraging NVIDIA's Unified Memory technology for memory management. The implementation results in very good weak scaling with up to 26x speedup when using four NVIDIA A100 GPUs per node compared to using the available 48 CPU cores. Good weak scaling is observed using hundreds of nodes on the new JUWELS Booster system at the J&amp;#252;lich Supercomputing Centre, Germany. Furthermore, it is possible to couple ParFlow with other earth system compartment models such as land surface and atmospheric models using the OASIS-MCT coupler library, which handles the data exchange between the different models. The ParFlow GPU implementation is fully compatible with the coupled implementation with little changes to the source code. Moreover, coupled simulations offer interesting load-balancing opportunities for optimal usage of the existing resources. For example, running ParFlow on GPU nodes, and another application component on CPU-only nodes, or efficiently distributing the CPU and GPU resources of a single node between the different application components may result in the best usage of heterogeneous architectures.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals A global soil data set for earth system modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Shangguan ◽  
Yongjiu Dai ◽  
Qingyun Duan ◽  
Baoyuan Liu ◽  
Hua Yuan
Keyword(s):  
System Modeling ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Earth System Modeling ◽  
Global Soil
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