scholarly journals Digital map of the Coral Triangle: An online atlas for marine biodiversity conservation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irawan Asaad ◽  
Carolyn J. Lundquist ◽  
Mark V. Erdmann ◽  
Mark J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Digital Map ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Conservation Values ◽  
Mpa Network

Abstract. An online atlas of the Coral Triangle region of the Indo Pacific biogeographic realm was developed. This online atlas consists of the three interlinked digital maps: (1) Biodiversity Features; (2) Areas of Importance for Biodiversity Conservation; (3) Recommended Priorities for Marine Protected Area (MPA) Network Expansion (www.marine.auckland.ac.nz/CTMAPS). The first map, Biodiversity Features, provides comprehensive data on the region's marine protected areas and biodiversity features, threats and environmental characteristics. The second provides spatial information on areas of high biodiversity conservation values, while the third map shows priority areas for expanding the current Coral Triangle MPA network. This digital map provides the most comprehensive biodiversity datasets yet assembled for the region. The datasets were retrieved and generated systematically from various open-access sources. To engage a wider audience and to raise participation in biodiversity conservation, the maps were designed as an interactive and online atlas. This digital map presents representative information to promote a better understanding of the key marine and coastal biodiversity characteristics of the region and enables the application of marine biodiversity informatics to support marine ecosystem-based management in the Coral Triangle region.

scholarly journals An interactive atlas for marine biodiversity conservation in the Coral Triangle

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irawan Asaad ◽  
Carolyn J. Lundquist ◽  
Mark V. Erdmann ◽  
Mark J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Biodiversity Informatics ◽  
Conservation Values ◽  
Mpa Network

Abstract. An online atlas of the Coral Triangle region of the Indo-Pacific biogeographic realm was developed. This online atlas consists of the three interlinked parts: (1) Biodiversity Features; (2) Areas of Importance for Biodiversity Conservation; (3) recommended priorities for Marine Protected Area (MPA) Network Expansion (http://www.marine.auckland.ac.nz/CTMAPS). The first map, Biodiversity Features, provides comprehensive data on the region's marine protected areas and biodiversity features, threats, and environmental characteristics. The second provides spatial information on areas of high biodiversity conservation values, while the third map shows priority areas for expanding the current Coral Triangle MPA network. This atlas provides the most comprehensive biodiversity datasets that have been assembled for the region. The datasets were retrieved and generated systematically from various open-access sources. To engage a wider audience and to raise participation in biodiversity conservation, the maps were designed as an interactive and online atlas. This atlas presents representative information to promote a better understanding of the key marine and coastal biodiversity characteristics of the region and enables the application of marine biodiversity informatics to support marine ecosystem-based management in the Coral Triangle region.

scholarly journals Measuring progress in marine protection: A new set of metrics to evaluate the strength of marine protected area networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Roberts ◽  
Rebecca Valkan ◽  
Carly Cook
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Current Value ◽  
Marine Protection ◽  
Mpa Network

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have proven to be a valuable tool for both promoting the sustainable use of marine resources and long-term biodiversity conservation outcomes. Targets for marine protection under the Convention on Biological Diversity have seen rapid growth in MPAs globally, with progress judged using targets for total area protected rather than evaluating growth based on the capacity to protect biodiversity. The value of a MPA network to biodiversity conservation depends on a range of attributes of both individual MPAs and portfolios of MPAs, which are not captured by simple area-based targets. Therefore, a clear and efficient set of metrics are needed to effectively evaluate progress towards building MPA networks, considering the representation and adequacy of protection for biodiversity. We developed a universally applicable set of metrics that can evaluate network structure in relation to its capacity to conserve marine biodiversity. These metrics combine properties of effective individual MPAs with metrics for their capacity to function collectively as a network. To demonstrate the value of these metrics, we apply them to the Australian MPA network, the largest in the world. Collectively, the indicators suggest that while Australia has made significant progress in building a representative and well-structured MPA network, the level of protection offered to marine biodiversity is generally low, with insufficient coverage of no-take MPAs across many bioregions. The metrics reveal how the current value of the MPA network could be greatly increased by reducing the prevalence of multi-use zones that allow extractive activities known to negatively impact biodiversity.

scholarly journals Modelling Reef Fish Population Responses to Fisheries Restrictions in Marine Protected Areas in the Coral Triangle

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Varkey ◽  
Cameron H. Ainsworth ◽  
Tony J. Pitcher
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Models

Marine ecosystem models are used to investigate marine protected area (MPA) benefits for coral reef ecosystems located in Raja Ampat, in the heart of the Coral Triangle. Field data from an integrated and diverse research project is used to develop a spatial ecosystem model using Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace modelling software. The ecological and fisheries responses of a reef ecosystem to different levels of fishing effort restrictions inside MPAs are explored. The trade-offs of allowing some fisheries to operate inside the MPAs versus designating the MPAs as no-take zones are highlighted. The results show that rapid rebuilding of reef fish populations, especially the large charismatic species, requires no-take areas. Distinct trade-offs in spillover benefits are observed between partially fished and no-take MPAs.

scholarly journals Delineating priority areas for marine biodiversity conservation in the Coral Triangle

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 198-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irawan Asaad ◽  
Carolyn J. Lundquist ◽  
Mark V. Erdmann ◽  
Mark J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Priority Areas

scholarly journals Species richness accelerates marine ecosystem restoration in the Coral Triangle

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (45) ◽  
pp. 11986-11991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Williams ◽  
Rohani Ambo-Rappe ◽  
Christine Sur ◽  
Jessica M. Abbott ◽  
Steven R. Limbong
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Restoration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Seagrass Meadows

Ecosystem restoration aims to restore biodiversity and valuable functions that have been degraded or lost. The Coral Triangle is a hotspot for marine biodiversity held in its coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and mangrove forests, all of which are in global decline. These coastal ecosystems support valuable fisheries and endangered species, protect shorelines, and are significant carbon stores, functions that have been degraded by coastal development, destructive fishing practices, and climate change. Ecosystem restoration is required to mitigate these damages and losses, but its practice is in its infancy in the region. Here we demonstrate that species diversity can set the trajectory of restoration. In a seagrass restoration experiment in the heart of the Coral Triangle (Sulawesi, Indonesia), plant survival and coverage increased with the number of species transplanted. Our results highlight the positive role biodiversity can play in ecosystem restoration and call for revision of the common restoration practice of establishing a single target species, particularly in regions having high biodiversity. Coastal ecosystems affect human well-being in many important ways, and restoration will become ever more important as conservation efforts cannot keep up with their loss.

scholarly journals Resilience Thinking Approach to Protect Marine Biodiversity in Small Islands: A Case of Gili Trawangan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 933 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
LAA Bakti ◽  
Marjono ◽  
G Ciptadi ◽  
F Putra
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Resilience Thinking

Abstract This paper examines the resilience thinking approach to protect marine biodiversity in small islands with the case of Gili Trawangan, Indonesia, which is part of a marine protected area. The rapid development of the world’s tourism industry, the monetary crisis in 1997, national reforms in 1998, global warming, and the irresponsibility of local governments to enforce formal rules on marine resources, have had a tremendous impact on marine biodiversity on small islands like Gili Trawangan. This study uses a qualitative method, including stakeholder interviews, participant observation, stakeholder mapping, and local document collection. The collaborative effort that was built by local residents with foreign businesspersons, academics, non-governmental organizations, and the village government of Gili Indah, started in 2001 was intended to protect the marine ecosystem on Gili Trawangan from destructive fishing practices, to prevent the further degradation of marine biodiversity on the islands. Results of this study found several collaborative work initiatives in Gili Trawangan to meet the challenges, e.g., the institutionalization of customary law called “Awig-Awig” to regulate coral reef activities, enforcement of regulations on marine biodiversity such as coral reefs, strengthening institutional capacity, and restoring the degraded coral reefs ecosystem.

scholarly journals Designating Spatial Priorities for Marine Biodiversity Conservation in the Coral Triangle

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irawan Asaad ◽  
Carolyn J. Lundquist ◽  
Mark V. Erdmann ◽  
Ruben Van Hooidonk ◽  
Mark J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Coral Triangle

Simulation of sub-basin sediment yields and river runoffs into Davao Gulf, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adonis Gallentes ◽  
Peter Jeffrey Maloles ◽  
Cesar Villanoy
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yields

<p>The Philippines is a country within the Coral Triangle which is known to be the center of the most biologically diverse marine ecosystem in the world. Despite being a crucial area for marine biodiversity, discharge measurements of many rivers in the country are either sparse or non-existent. Such data are important in assessing aspects such as sedimentation which is highly related to the health of the reef community.</p><p>Here, we applied SWAT hydrological model in order to simulate the sediment yield of sub-basins and river discharge surrounding Davao Gulf, one of the country’s richest zones in terms of fish production. Monthly-averaged results of the model from 2001 to 2018 indicate that the relative maxima of sediment yield coincide with precipitation maxima, and that consecutive rainfall events which start around midyear results to higher erodibility and thus, higher peaks in sediment yield during the second half of each year until the early part of the following year. Dependence of sediment yield on slope class/angle and land use was also observed, identifying the northwestern catchments as critical sources of land surface erosion. Good agreement was obtained between simulations of river discharge and the sparse observed streamflow values during model validation (Davao River: NSE=0.61, R<sup>2</sup>=0.61, PBIAS = 2.87, r= 0.78; Hijo River: NSE=0.62, R<sup>2</sup>=0.90, PBIAS = -2.1630, r= 0.95).</p><p>Overall, this modeling study helped fill in the temporal gaps of observed streamflow data from river gauges, and provided estimates of the historical streamflow pattern of those rivers with no river gauges. Outputs of this study can also be used as science-based reference in crafting laws and ordinances for proper land use and Marine Protected Area (MPA) management plans, with emphasized consideration of the likely effects of climate change such as the latitudinal shift of typhoon tracks, increasing temperature, and more pronounced precipitation events which have already been observed in the area during the past two decades. </p>

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