scholarly journals Zur Geschichte der Geowissenschaften im Museum für Naturkunde zu Berlin Teil 1: Aus der Vorgeschichte bis zur Gründung der Berliner Bergakademie im Jahre 1770

Fossil Record ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hoppe

Die Geschichte der beiden Institute für Mineralogie und für Paläontologie des Berliner Museums für Naturkunde mit ihren sehr großen Sammlungen beginnt mit ihrer direkten Vorgängerin, der Berliner Bergakademie, die 1770 gegründet worden ist. Aber bereits vor dieser Zeit hat es in Berlin geowissenschaftliche Interessen und Betätigungen gegeben. <br><br> Diese Vorgeschichte wird mit einer Zeit begonnen, in der es den Ort Berlin noch längst nicht gab. Aus der La-Tene-Zeit, die der Zeit der griechischen Antike entspricht, stammt eine Aschenurne mit einer Sammlung fossiler Mollusken, die im norddeutschen Flachland bei Bernburg gefunden wurde. Die Zusammensetzung dieser Sammlung läßt bereits ein wissenschaftliches Herangehen erkennen. <br><br> Für Berlin selbst ist kurz nach Georg Agricola eine Persönlichkeit der Renaissance zu verzeichnen, Leonhard Thurneysser zum Thurn, in dessen vielfältigen Aktivitäten auch Mineralien einen Platz hatten. In gleicher Zeit war in Berlin am brandenburgischen Hofe eine Raritätenkammer vorhanden, die spätere Kunst- und Naturalienkammer. Sie existierte bis über das Jahr 1770 hinaus und enthielt auch Mineralien und Versteinerungen. Das sich hierdurch zeigende Interesse an solchen Objekten war noch recht oberflächlich. <br><br> Erst die Sammlungen privater Personen, die in Berlin seit Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts entstanden sind, zeigen ein tieferes und wissenschaftliches Interesse, wenn auch in verschiedenem Maße und in unterschiedlicher Spezialisierung. Unter ihnen ragt besonders Johann Gottlob Lehmann heraus. Als vielseitiger Naturwissenschaftler und Bergrat hielt er privat Vorlesungen in Mineralogie und Bergbaukunde. Der Siebenjährige Krieg verhinderte den Ausbau und die Fortsetzung. <br><br> Erst Jahre danach, 1768, reorganisierte König Friedrich II. das preußische Bergwesen und richtete 1770 die Berliner Bergakademie ein. Hierbei kam dem Arzt und Bergrat Carl Abraham Gerhard bei der Einrichtung und als Lehrkraft eine wesentliche Rolle zu. <br><br> History of the Geoscience Institutes of the Natural History Museum in Berlin, Part 1. <br><br> The Geoscience Institutes of the Natural History Museum in Berlin have their roots in the Mining Academy which was founded in 1770. Geoscientific interest, however, goes back as far as to prehistoric times which is, e.g., evidenced by a collection of mollusks from the Iron Age. From the Renaissance, similar interests were developed by Leonhard Thurneysser zum Thurn. The contemporaneous cabinet of arts and curiosities of the Prussian Dynasty is also known to have housed geoscientific pieces which, however, turned out to be of only subordinate significance later. Much more important were the efforts of Berlin citizens in the 17th and 18th century who established remarkable collections of geoscientific objects. Among these collectors, Johann Gottlob Lehmann was the most outstanding personality. He gave not only lectures but also wrote textbooks on geoscientific topics. However, not before the end of the Seven Years-War Carl Abraham Gerhard was authorized to found the Mining Academy. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.19980010102" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.19980010102</a>

1970 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Gunnar Broberg

A wondrous world. The idea of the natural history museum is traced back to the cabinet of curiosities and connected to the development of Linnean taxonomy. Two problems are singled out as decisive in the shape of the modern natural museum: taxonomic epistemology (how to find the right characters in arranging plants and animals) and the problem of continuity and multitude in nature. The result, obvious at least at the end of the 18th century, is a division of the natural history museum into two types: one the museum in the meaning of Comenius, i. e. for study and scholarship, the other the museum made public and educational in the manner of the cabinet of the curiosities. The argument of this brief essay is more fully developed and put in connection with the history of the encyclopedia in the essay by Broberg, "The broken circle". 


2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
Manuela Bauche

This essay reconstructs the history of a coral-reef diorama, the outcome of a German Democratic Republic expedition to Cuba, that was displayed in East Berlin’s Natural History Museum in 1967 on the occasion of the GDR’s twenty-fifth anniversary. The paper investigates how the practice of socialist internationalism influenced the diorama’s coming into being, arguing that while official diplomatic relations between Cuba and the GDR were a prerequisite for the expedition, nongovernmental contacts were central to both the initiation and execution of the project. It also demonstrates how the diorama’s display was informed more by national and institutional concerns than by the rhetoric and policies of internationalism.


Author(s):  
O. Klymyshyn

The publishing activity of the museum for the whole period of its existence is analyzed, starting from the first published in the museum by V. Didushitsky in 1880 and up to 2018 inclusive. Approximately this work is about 3.5 thousand publications, among which 84 monographs; 35 issues of the scientific miscellany "Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum"; 5 issues of the book series "Scientific Collections of the State Natural History Museum"; more than 50 catalogs of museum collections, thematic miscellanies, qualifiers, dictionaries and guides; about 2.2 thousand scientific articles; about 1 thousand materials and abstracts of reports of scientific conferences, as well as dozens of popular scientific articles, brochures and booklets.


2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-43
Author(s):  
Petr Benda ◽  
Simon Engelberger

Abstract Seven historical bat specimens of four species (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. mehelyi, Taphozous nudiventris, Myotis myotis), attributed to originate from the territory of the present-day Lebanon, are deposited and documented in the modern database of the mammal collection of the Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien). Two of these species (R. mehelyi, T. nudiventris) have never been reported for Lebanon in the existing literature and recent surveys have also failed to find them in this country. Since these bats were collected in the period 1824–1885, the history of the all respective specimens was evaluated in detail. The revision brought rather unexpected results. Only one specimen (R. ferrumequinum) was found to come (most probably) from Lebanon, being collected by W. Hemprich and Ch. Ehrenberg in 1824. In the remaining six specimens, the origin could not be defined, thus rendering the statement that they were collected in Lebanon insecure. This case demonstrates that careful checks of modern interpretations of historical records are necessary when examining past distributions of organisms.


Author(s):  
Semih Celik

In the 1830s, a natural history museum and herbarium was founded in Istanbul, within the Ottoman Imperial Medical College complex in Galata Sarayı. The few accounts (mostly by botanists) written on the history of the establishment and management of the herbarium and museum consider its history in the context of the colonial ambitions of European actors and employ the concept of “westernization,” implying the asymmetrical influence of European technology, values and knowledge over the Ottoman realm, leading to the imitation and copying of European ways of imperial administration. This chapter, by contrast, argues that the first herbarium and natural history museum within Ottoman territories functioned as a hub where doctors, scientists, plant collectors and bureaucrats from the Ottoman Empire and from different parts of Europe (including Russia) formed an inter-imperial network to pursue scientific, but also political and economic interests. It emphasizes that relations in the network were characterized by conflict, cooperation and negotiation between different human and non-human actors. Relationships were dialectic rather than shaped by the asymmetries of westernization.


Author(s):  
Klymyshyn O. ◽  
Savytska A.

The history of formation of the bryological herbaria of the State Natural History Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is considered. Many collectors and scientists-botanists took part in the formation of the main scientific fund of the bryological herbaria, among them A. Lazarenko, K. Ulychna, V. Melnichuk, M. Slobodian and others. The article contains a list of samples of bryophytes, which are included in the Red Book of Ukraine. Rare samples (including doublets and exsiccates) are described from territories of other countries, as well as specimens dating to the end of the 19th century.


2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale R. Calder

Thomas Hincks was born 15 July 1818 in Exeter, England. He attended Manchester New College, York, from 1833 to 1839, and received a B.A. from the University of London in 1840. In 1839 he commenced a 30-year career as a cleric, and served with distinction at Unitarian chapels in Ireland and England. Meanwhile, he enthusiastically pursued interests in natural history. A breakdown in his health and permanent voice impairment during 1867–68 while at Mill Hill Chapel, Leeds, forced him reluctantly to resign from active ministry in 1869. He moved to Taunton and later to Clifton, and devoted much of the rest of his life to natural history. Hincks was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1872 for noteworthy contributions to natural history. Foremost among his publications in science were A history of the British hydroid zoophytes (1868) and A history of the British marine Polyzoa (1880). Hincks named 24 families, 52 genera and 360 species and subspecies of invertebrates, mostly Bryozoa and Hydrozoa. Hincks died 25 January 1899 in Clifton, and was buried in Leeds. His important bryozoan and hydroid collections are in the Natural History Museum, London. At least six genera and 13 species of invertebrates are named in his honour.


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