scholarly journals Fuzzy difference and data primitives: a transparent approach for supporting different definitions of forest in the context of REDD+

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Comber ◽  
Werner Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Difference Methods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Agreed Definition

Abstract. This paper explores the use of fuzzy difference methods in order to understand the differences between forest classes. The context for this work is provided by REDD+, which seeks to reduce the net emissions of greenhouse gases by rewarding the conservation of forests in developing countries. REDD+ requires that local inventories of forest are undertaken and payments are made on the basis of the amount of forest (and associated carbon storage). At the most basic level this involves classifying land into forest and non-forest. However, the critical issues affecting the uptake, buy-in and ultimately the success of REDD+ are the lack of universally agreed definition of forest to support REDD+ mapping activities, and where such a definition is imposed, the marginalization of local community voices and local landscape conceptualizations. This tension is at the heart of REDD+. This paper addresses these issues by linking methods to quantify changes in fuzzy land cover to the concept of data primitives, which have been previously proposed as a suitable approach to move between land cover classes with different semantics. These are applied to case study that quantifies the difference in areas for two definitions of forest derived from the GLC and FAO definitions of forest. The results show how data primitives allow divergent concepts of forest to be represented and mapped from the same data and how the fuzzy sets approach can be used to quantify the differences and non-intersections of different concepts of forest. Together these methods provide for transparent translations between alternative conceptualizations of forest, allowing for plural notions of forest to be mapped and quantified. In particular, they allow for moving from an object-based notion of forest (and land cover in general) to a field-based one, entirely avoiding the need for forest boundaries.

Abuja Peoples of Nigeria as Indigenous Peoples in International Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvanus Gbendazhi Barnabas
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Child Rights ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
Diverse Cultures ◽  
Agreed Definition

There is no agreed definition of indigenous peoples (IPs) as the international community has not agreed to any. However, an examination of international instruments and literature on the subject presents a picture. This article examines the definition of IPs and its relevance to Africa. The case study of Abuja, Nigeria is used as a vehicle to challenge the existing descriptions of IPs. It argues that international law should expand its definition of IPs to include collectives of peoples with diverse cultures in Africa. Analogical insights are drawn from international child rights law to advance the argument that international law on IPs’ rights can learn from the evolution of international children’s rights law.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF OBJECT-BASED AND PIXEL-BASED APPROACHES FOR LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION USING LAPAN-A2 MICROSATELLITE DATA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalu Tejo Nugroho ◽  
. Zylshal ◽  
Nurwita Mustika Sari ◽  
Dony Kushardono
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Accuracy Result ◽  
Blurring Effect

In recent years, small satellite industry has been a rapid trend and become important especially when associated with operational cost, technology adaptation and the missions. One mission of LAPAN-A2, the 2nd generation of microsatellite that developed by Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), is Earth observation using digital camera that provides imagery with 3.5 m spatial resolution. The aim of this research is to compare between object-based and pixel-based classification of land use/land cover (LU/LC) in order to determine the appropriate classification method in LAPAN-A2 dataprocessing (case study Semarang, Central Java).The LU/LC were classified into eleven classes, as follows: sea, river, fish pond, tree, grass, road, building 1, building 2, building 3, building 4 and rice field. The accuracy of classification outputs were assessed using confusion matrix. The object-based and pixel-based classification methods result for overall accuracy are 31.63% and 61.61%, respectively. According to accuracy result, it was thought that blurring effect on LAPAN-A2 data may be the main cause ofaccuracy decrease. Furthermore, the result is suggested to use pixel-based classification to be applied inLAPAN-A2 data processing.

scholarly journals THE DIFFERENCE IN THE DEFINITION OF SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ICT CURRICULUM BETWEEN THE TEACHER TRAINEES, ADMINISTRATOR, AND LECTURER

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
pp. 01-17
Author(s):  
Choon Keong Tan ◽  
Min Han Alvin Auh ◽  
Kean Wah Lee
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Teacher Trainees ◽  
Teacher Training College ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Knowledge Survey ◽  
Training Institute

The study is a case study on a group of teacher trainees currently in their sixth semester in a teacher training college. The study investigated the implementation of subjects to prepare teacher trainees to use ICT in the classroom. The study was conducted in a teacher training college in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The focus, in this case, will be on how the teachers were trained in the college to use technology, integrate technology into their pedagogy and use technology to deliver the content of the lesson. The study utilized Trowler’s (2003) implementation staircase to establish how the implementation was carried out in the teacher training institute by the lecturer in charge. The study was conducted on a group of 30 teacher trainees, a teacher training lecturer and an administrator of the institute. The data was collected via a TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) survey to ascertain the teacher trainees’ TPACK level. A focus group interview on the teacher trainees and lecturer was conducted on the implementation of ICT via the curriculum in the college. The data collected indicated a mismatch in the results of the implementation. The teacher trainees perceived that the implementation of the ICT curriculum is insufficient whereas the implementation of the ICT curriculum was perceived as a success by the lecturer.

scholarly journals The Specifics of the Legal Regime of the Civil Legal Relations Objects Functioning (Theoretical Aspect)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
D. S. Tereshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Functional Characteristic ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Current State ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Regulatory Procedure

The paper analyzes the current state of development of the concept of the legal regime and its features in the legal literature. It is indicated that the key phrase “regulatory procedure” is not fully consistent with the definition of the legal regime. Wider approaches to understanding the phenomenon of the concept of “legal regime” in the form of a functional characteristic of the operation of law are proposed. It is noted that to describe the features of the legal regime, researchers often and haphazardly use individual qualitative characteristics that do not fully reveal the meaning of the definitions of both the legal regime and its individual attributes. The author clarifies the difference between the characteristics of “special” and “particular”, “specialized” and “specific” in relation to civil legal relations. The conclusion is drawn on the need for legislative consolidation of the revealed differences and the establishment of two types of legal regimes — the legal regime of activity and the legal regime of the operation of an object. Based on the conducted structural study, the author formulates the definitions for the legal regime and civil law regime.

Gender Differences in Information System Usage: A Case Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 2882-2885
Author(s):  
Su Sui Lin ◽  
Kwo Ting Fang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Information System ◽  
System Design ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Information System Design ◽  
System Usage ◽  
Management Function ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Difference

To understand information system (IS) or information technology (IT), gender differences are the potentially critical issues. Getting more insights into the differences of gender, case study was applied to explore them in information system usage and then compare the difference between man and woman’s System Influence Diagram (SID). Some findings were explored in this study. First, woman put more emphasis on function of information system, yet man focus on management function in organizations. Second, man thought that user habit and perception interacted with information system design. But user habit was just influenced by system design directly in woman’s SID. Third, there was a feedback loop in woman’s SID associated with management function but no feedback loop in man’s SID.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document