scholarly journals Implementation of methane cycling for deep time, global warming simulations with the DCESS Earth System Model (Version 1.2)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Shaffer ◽  
Esteban Fernández Villanueva ◽  
Roberto Rondanelli ◽  
Jens Olaf Pepke Pedersen ◽  
Steffen Malskær Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Methane Cycling ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere

Abstract. Geological records reveal a number of ancient, large and rapid negative excursions of carbon-13 isotope. Such excursions can only be explained by massive injections of depleted carbon to the Earth System over a short duration. These injections may have forced strong global warming events, sometimes accompanied by mass extinctions, for example the Triassic-Jurassic and End-Permian extinctions, 201 and 252 million years ago. In many cases evidence points to methane as the dominant form of injected carbon, whether as thermogenic methane, formed by magma intrusions through overlying carbon-rich sediment, or from warming-induced dissociation of methane hydrate, a solid compound of methane and water found in ocean sediments. As a consequence of the ubiquity and importance of methane in major Earth events, Earth System models should include a comprehensive treatment of methane cycling but such a treatment has often been lacking. Here we implement methane cycling in the Danish Center for Earth System Science (DCESS) model, a simplified but well-tested Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity. We use a generic methane input function that allows variation of input type, size, time scale and ocean-atmosphere partition. To be able to treat such massive inputs more correctly, we extend the model to deal with ocean suboxic/anoxic conditions and with radiative forcing and methane lifetimes appropriate for high atmospheric methane concentrations. With this new model version, we carried out an extensive set of simulations for methane inputs of various sizes, time scales and ocean-atmosphere partitions to probe model behaviour. We find that larger methane inputs over shorter time scales with more methane dissolving in the ocean lead to ever-increasing ocean anoxia with consequences for ocean life and global carbon cycling. Greater methane input directly to the atmosphere leads to more warming and, for example, greater carbon dioxide release from land soils. Analysis of synthetic sediment cores from the simulations provides guidelines for the interpretation of real sediment cores spanning the warming events. With this improved DCESS model version and paleo-reconstructions, we are now better armed to gauge the amounts, types, time scales and locations of methane injections driving specific, observed deep time, global warming events.

scholarly journals Implementation of methane cycling for deep-time global warming simulations with the DCESS Earth system model (version 1.2)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4081-4103
Author(s):  
Gary Shaffer ◽  
Esteban Fernández Villanueva ◽  
Roberto Rondanelli ◽  
Jens Olaf Pepke Pedersen ◽  
Steffen Malskær Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Methane Cycling ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere

Abstract. Geological records reveal a number of ancient, large and rapid negative excursions of the carbon-13 isotope. Such excursions can only be explained by massive injections of depleted carbon to the Earth system over a short duration. These injections may have forced strong global warming events, sometimes accompanied by mass extinctions such as the Triassic-Jurassic and end-Permian extinctions 201 and 252 million years ago, respectively. In many cases, evidence points to methane as the dominant form of injected carbon, whether as thermogenic methane formed by magma intrusions through overlying carbon-rich sediment or from warming-induced dissociation of methane hydrate, a solid compound of methane and water found in ocean sediments. As a consequence of the ubiquity and importance of methane in major Earth events, Earth system models for addressing such events should include a comprehensive treatment of methane cycling but such a treatment has often been lacking. Here we implement methane cycling in the Danish Center for Earth System Science (DCESS) model, a simplified but well-tested Earth system model of intermediate complexity. We use a generic methane input function that allows variation in input type, size, timescale and ocean–atmosphere partition. To be able to treat such massive inputs more correctly, we extend the model to deal with ocean suboxic/anoxic conditions and with radiative forcing and methane lifetimes appropriate for high atmospheric methane concentrations. With this new model version, we carried out an extensive set of simulations for methane inputs of various sizes, timescales and ocean–atmosphere partitions to probe model behavior. We find that larger methane inputs over shorter timescales with more methane dissolving in the ocean lead to ever-increasing ocean anoxia with consequences for ocean life and global carbon cycling. Greater methane input directly to the atmosphere leads to more warming and, for example, greater carbon dioxide release from land soils. Analysis of synthetic sediment cores from the simulations provides guidelines for the interpretation of real sediment cores spanning the warming events. With this improved DCESS model version and paleo-reconstructions, we are now better armed to gauge the amounts, types, timescales and locations of methane injections driving specific, observed deep-time, global warming events.

The Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model Version 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daehyun Kim ◽  
Daehyun Kang ◽  
Min-Seop Ahn ◽  
Charlotte DeMott ◽  
Chia-Wei Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Version

scholarly journals Tropical climate variability in the Community Earth System Model: Data Assimilation Research Testbed

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 793-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Eliashiv ◽  
Aneesh C. Subramanian ◽  
Arthur J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Community Earth System Model ◽  
Free Running

AbstractA new prototype coupled ocean–atmosphere Ensemble Kalman Filter reanalysis product, the Community Earth System Model using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (CESM-DART), is studied by comparing its tropical climate variability to other reanalysis products, available observations, and a free-running version of the model. The results reveal that CESM-DART produces fields that are comparable in overall performance with those of four other uncoupled and coupled reanalyses. The clearest signature of differences in CESM-DART is in the analysis of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and other tropical atmospheric waves. MJO energy is enhanced over the free-running CESM as well as compared to the other products, suggesting the importance of the surface flux coupling at the ocean–atmosphere interface in organizing convective activity. In addition, high-frequency Kelvin waves in CESM-DART are reduced in amplitude compared to the free-running CESM run and the other products, again supportive of the oceanic coupling playing a role in this difference. CESM-DART also exhibits a relatively low bias in the mean tropical precipitation field and mean sensible heat flux field. Conclusive evidence of the importance of coupling on data assimilation performance will require additional detailed direct comparisons with identically formulated, uncoupled data assimilation runs.

scholarly journals The Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5.0.3)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4823-4873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C. Swart ◽  
Jason N. S. Cole ◽  
Viatcheslav V. Kharin ◽  
Mike Lazare ◽  
John F. Scinocca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Historical Climate ◽  
Model Version

Abstract. The Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) is a global model developed to simulate historical climate change and variability, to make centennial-scale projections of future climate, and to produce initialized seasonal and decadal predictions. This paper describes the model components and their coupling, as well as various aspects of model development, including tuning, optimization, and a reproducibility strategy. We also document the stability of the model using a long control simulation, quantify the model's ability to reproduce large-scale features of the historical climate, and evaluate the response of the model to external forcing. CanESM5 is comprised of three-dimensional atmosphere (T63 spectral resolution equivalent roughly to 2.8∘) and ocean (nominally 1∘) general circulation models, a sea-ice model, a land surface scheme, and explicit land and ocean carbon cycle models. The model features relatively coarse resolution and high throughput, which facilitates the production of large ensembles. CanESM5 has a notably higher equilibrium climate sensitivity (5.6 K) than its predecessor, CanESM2 (3.7 K), which we briefly discuss, along with simulated changes over the historical period. CanESM5 simulations contribute to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) and will be employed for climate science and service applications in Canada.

scholarly journals High Climate Sensitivity in the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (14) ◽  
pp. 8329-8337 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gettelman ◽  
C. Hannay ◽  
J. T. Bacmeister ◽  
R. B. Neale ◽  
A. G. Pendergrass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Community Earth System Model

scholarly journals Understanding why the volume of suboxic waters does not increase over centuries of global warming in an Earth System Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1159-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gnanadesikan ◽  
J. P. Dunne ◽  
J. John
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Lateral Diffusion ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Oxygen Solubility ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Eddy Transport ◽  
Term Analysis ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Abstract. Global warming is expected to reduce oxygen solubility and vertical exchange in the ocean, changes which would be expected to result in an increase in the volume of hypoxic waters. A simulation made with a full Earth System model with dynamical atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and biogeochemical cycling (the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Earth System Model 2.1) shows that this holds true if the condition for hypoxia is set relatively high. However, the volume of the most hypoxic (i.e., suboxic) waters does not increase under global warming, as these waters actually become more oxygenated. We show that the rise in dissolved oxygen in the tropical Pacific is associated with a drop in ventilation time. A term-by-term analysis within the least oxygenated waters shows an increased supply of dissolved oxygen due to lateral diffusion compensating an increase in remineralization within these highly hypoxic waters. This lateral diffusive flux is the result of an increase of ventilation along the Chilean coast, as a drying of the region under global warming opens up a region of wintertime convection in our model. The results highlight the potential sensitivity of suboxic waters to changes in subtropical ventilation as well as the importance of constraining lateral eddy transport of dissolved oxygen in such waters.

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