scholarly journals The OASIS3 coupler: a European climate modelling community software

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Valcke
Keyword(s):  
Coupled Model ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Short History ◽  
European Climate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
High Resolution Models ◽  
Community Software ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. This paper presents the OASIS3 coupling software used in five of the seven European Earth System Models (ESMs) participating to the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). A short history of the coupler development is followed by a technical description of OASIS3. The performances of a few relatively high resolution models coupled with OASIS3 are then described. It is shown that, although its limited field-per-field parallelism will eventually become a bottleneck in the simulation, OASIS3 can still be considered an appropriate tool for most of these relatively demanding coupled configurations. Its successful use in different CMIP5 ESMs is then detailed. A discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of the OASIS3's approach and a presentation of planned developments conclude the paper.

scholarly journals The OASIS3 coupler: a European climate modelling community software

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 2139-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Valcke
Keyword(s):  
Coupled Model ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Short History ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
European Climate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Community Software ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. This paper presents the OASIS3 software used in five of the seven European Earth System Models (ESMs) participating to the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). A short history of the coupler development and a description of its large community of users are followed by a detailed OASIS3 technical description. The performances of few relatively high resolution OASIS3 coupled models are then described and show that even if its limited field-per-field parallelism will eventually become a bottleneck in the simulation, OASIS3 can still be considered an appropriate tool for most of these relatively heavy coupled configurations. Its successful use in different CMIP5 ESMs is then detailed. A discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of the OASIS3 approach and a presentation of planned developments conclude the paper.

scholarly journals ESM-SnowMIP: Assessing models and quantifying snow-related climate feedbacks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Krinner ◽  
Chris Derksen ◽  
Richard Essery ◽  
Mark Flanner ◽  
Stefan Hagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Modelling Effort ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. This paper describes ESM-SnowMIP, an international coordinated modelling effort to evaluate current snow schemes against local and global observations in a wide variety of settings, including snow schemes that are included in Earth System Models. The project aims at identifying crucial processes and snow characteristics that need to be improved in snow models in the context of local- and global-scale modeling. A further objective of ESM-SnowMIP is to better quantify snow-related feedbacks in the Earth system. ESM-SnowMIP is tightly linked to the Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project, which in turn is part of the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6).

scholarly journals Development and exploitation of a controlled vocabulary in support of climate modelling

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-P. Moine ◽  
S. Valcke ◽  
B. N. Lawrence ◽  
C. Pascoe ◽  
R. W. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Tool Chain ◽  
System A ◽  
Intercomparison Project

Abstract. There are three key components for developing a metadata system: a container structure laying out the key semantic issues of interest and their relationships; an extensible controlled vocabulary providing possible content; and tools to create and manipulate that content. While metadata systems must allow users to enter their own information, the use of a controlled vocabulary both imposes consistency of definition and ensures comparability of the objects described. Here we describe the controlled vocabulary (CV) and metadata creation tool built by the METAFOR project for use in the context of describing the climate models, simulations and experiments of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The CV and resulting tool chain introduced here is designed for extensibility and reuse and should find applicability in many more projects.

scholarly journals Development and exploitation of a controlled vocabulary in support of climate modelling

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2967-3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-P. Moine ◽  
S. Valcke ◽  
B. N. Lawrence ◽  
C. Pascoe ◽  
R. W. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Tool Chain ◽  
System A ◽  
Intercomparison Project

Abstract. There are three key components for developing a metadata system: a container structure laying out the key semantic issues of interest and their relationships; an extensible controlled vocabulary providing possible content; and tools to create and manipulate that content. While metadata systems must allow users to enter their own information, the use of a controlled vocabulary both imposes consistency of definition and ensures comparability of the objects described. Here we describe the controlled vocabulary (CV) and metadata creation tool built by the METAFOR project for use in the context of describing the climate models, simulations and experiments of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The CV and resulting tool chain introduced here is designed for extensibility and re-use and should find applicability in many more projects.

scholarly journals ESM-SnowMIP: assessing snow models and quantifying snow-related climate feedbacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5027-5049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Krinner ◽  
Chris Derksen ◽  
Richard Essery ◽  
Mark Flanner ◽  
Stefan Hagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Scale Modelling ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Modelling Effort ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. This paper describes ESM-SnowMIP, an international coordinated modelling effort to evaluate current snow schemes, including snow schemes that are included in Earth system models, in a wide variety of settings against local and global observations. The project aims to identify crucial processes and characteristics that need to be improved in snow models in the context of local- and global-scale modelling. A further objective of ESM-SnowMIP is to better quantify snow-related feedbacks in the Earth system. Although it is not part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), ESM-SnowMIP is tightly linked to the CMIP6-endorsed Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison (LS3MIP).

scholarly journals Carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models, and their comparison to CMIP5 models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Arora ◽  
Anna Katavouta ◽  
Richard Williams ◽  
Chris Jones ◽  
Victor Brovkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Small Temperature ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Earth System Models

<p>Results from the fully-, biogeochemically-, and radiatively-coupled simulations in which CO<sub>2</sub> increases at a rate of 1% per year (1pctCO2) from its pre-industrial value are analyzed to quantify the magnitude of two feedback parameters which characterize the coupled carbon-climate system. These feedback parameters quantify the response of ocean and terrestrial carbon pools to changes in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and the resulting change in global climate. The results are based on eight comprehensive Earth system models from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and eleven models from the sixth CMIP (CMIP6). The comparison of model results from two CMIP phases shows that, for both land and ocean, the model mean values of the feedback parameters and their multi-model spread has not changed significantly across the two CMIP phases. The absolute values of feedback parameters are lower for land with models that include a representation of nitrogen cycle. The sensitivity of feedback parameters to the three different ways in which they may be calculated is shown and, consistent with existing studies, the most relevant definition is that calculated using results from the fully- and biogeochemically-coupled configurations. Based on these two simulations simplified expressions for the feedback parameters are obtained when the small temperature change in the biogeochemically-coupled simulation is ignored. Decomposition of the terms of these simplified expressions for the feedback parameters allows identification of the reasons for differing responses among ocean and land carbon cycle models.</p>

scholarly journals Lessons from the short history of ice sheet model intercomparison

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bueler
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Expected Benefits

Abstract. Intercomparison should include measurement of differences, between model results and observations, among the model results themselves, or between model results and exact solutions. The processes of measuring differences and critically analyzing those differences are vital. Without such measurement as a component of intercomparison, the only expected benefits of an intercomparison project are participation, possibly the discovery of communal confusion, and the establishment of public, non-proprietary data sets.

scholarly journals Differences in carbon cycle and temperature projections from emission- and concentration-driven earth system model simulations

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 991-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shao ◽  
X. Zeng ◽  
X. Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Coupled Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Feedback Parameter ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. The influence of prognostic and prescribed atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) on the carbon uptake and temperature is investigated using all eight Earth System Models (ESMs) with relevant output variables from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the projected [CO2] differences in 2100 vary from −19.7 to +207.3 ppm in emission-driven ESMs. Incorporation of the interactive concentrations also increases the range of global warming, computed as the 20 year average difference between 2081–2100 and 1850–1869/1861–1880, by 49% from 2.36 K (i.e. ranging from 3.11 to 5.47 K) in the concentration-driven simulations to 3.51 K in the emission-driven simulations. The observed seasonal amplitude of global [CO2] from 1980–2011 is about 1.2–5.3 times as large as those from the eight emission-driven ESMs, while the [CO2] seasonality is simply neglected in concentration-driven ESMs, suggesting the urgent need of ESM improvements in this area. The temperature-concentration feedback parameter α is more sensitive to [CO2] (e.g. during 1980–2005 versus 2075–2100) than how [CO2] is handled (i.e. prognostic versus prescribed). This sensitivity can be substantially reduced by using a more appropriate parameter α' computed from the linear regression of temperature change versus that of the logarithm of [CO2]. However, the inter-model relative variations of both α and α' remain large, suggesting the need of more detailed studies to understand and hopefully reduce these discrepancies.

scholarly journals Carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models, and their comparison to CMIP5 models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek K. Arora ◽  
Anna Katavouta ◽  
Richard G. Williams ◽  
Chris D. Jones ◽  
Victor Brovkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Small Temperature ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. Results from the fully-, biogeochemically-, and radiatively-coupled simulations in which CO2 increases at a rate of 1 % per year (1pctCO2) from its pre-industrial value are analyzed to quantify the magnitude of two feedback parameters which characterize the coupled carbon-climate system. These feedback parameters quantify the response of ocean and terrestrial carbon pools to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and the resulting change in global climate. The results are based on eight comprehensive Earth system models from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and eleven models from the sixth CMIP (CMIP6). The comparison of model results from two CMIP phases shows that, for both land and ocean, the model mean values of the feedback parameters and their multi-model spread has not changed significantly across the two CMIP phases. The absolute values of feedback parameters are lower for land with models that include a representation of nitrogen cycle. The sensitivity of feedback parameters to the three different ways in which they may be calculated is shown and, consistent with existing studies, the most relevant definition is that calculated using results from the fully- and biogeochemically-coupled configurations. Based on these two simulations simplified expressions for the feedback parameters are obtained when the small temperature change in the biogeochemically-coupled simulation is ignored. Decomposition of the terms of these simplified expressions for the feedback parameters allows identification of the reasons for differing responses among ocean and land carbon cycle models.

scholarly journals Future Changes in Simulated Evapotranspiration across Continental Africa Based on CMIP6 CNRM-CM6

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6760
Author(s):  
Isaac Kwesi Nooni ◽  
Daniel Fiifi T. Hagan ◽  
Guojie Wang ◽  
Waheed Ullah ◽  
Jiao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Model Ensembles ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Near Future

The main goal of this study was to assess the interannual variations and spatial patterns of projected changes in simulated evapotranspiration (ET) in the 21st century over continental Africa based on the latest Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and the Representative Concentration Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) provided by the France Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM-CM) model in the Sixth Phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) framework. The projected spatial and temporal changes were computed for three time slices: 2020–2039 (near future), 2040–2069 (mid-century), and 2080–2099 (end-of-the-century), relative to the baseline period (1995–2014). The results show that the spatial pattern of the projected ET was not uniform and varied across the climate region and under the SSP-RCPs scenarios. Although the trends varied, they were statistically significant for all SSP-RCPs. The SSP5-8.5 and SSP3-7.0 projected higher ET seasonality than SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5. In general, we suggest the need for modelers and forecasters to pay more attention to changes in the simulated ET and their impact on extreme events. The findings provide useful information for water resources managers to develop specific measures to mitigate extreme events in the regions most affected by possible changes in the region’s climate. However, readers are advised to treat the results with caution as they are based on a single GCM model. Further research on multi-model ensembles (as more models’ outputs become available) and possible key drivers may provide additional information on CMIP6 ET projections in the region.

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