3D DOCUMENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE CASE STUDY OF BANTEAY SREI TEMPLE IN ANGKOR, SIEM REAP

Abstract. Rebuilding the past of cultural heritage through digitization, archiving and visualization by means of digital technology is becoming an emerging issue to ensure the transmission of physical and digital documentation to future generations as evidence of culture, but also to enable present generation to enlarge, facilitate and cross relate data and information in new ways. In this global effort, the digital 3D documentation of no longer existing cultural heritage can be essential for the understanding of past events and nowadays, various digital techniques and tools are developing for multiple purposes.In the present research the entire workflow, starting from archive documentation collection and digitization to the 3D models metrically controlled creation and online sharing, is considered. The technical issues to obtain a detail 3D model are examined stressing limits and potentiality of 3D reconstruction of disappeared heritage and its visualization exploiting three complexes belonging to 1911 Turin World’s Fair.

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3D MODELS OF THE QH31, QH32 AND QH33 TOMBS IN QUBBET EL HAWA (ASWAN, EGYPT)

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-1427-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽

pp. 1427-1434

Author(s):

A. T. Mozas-Calvache ◽

J. L. Pérez-García ◽

J. M. Gómez-López ◽

J. L. Martínez de Dios ◽

A. Jiménez-Serrano

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

3D Model ◽

Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽

3D Models ◽

Complex Geometries ◽

Spatial Behaviour ◽

Reduced Dimensions ◽

Adjacent Structures ◽

Close Range ◽

3D Documentation

Abstract. This paper describes the methodology employed to obtain 3D models of three funerary complexes (QH31, QH32 and QH33) of the Necropolis of Qubbet el Hawa (Aswan, Egypt) and the main results obtained. These rock-cut tombs are adjacent structures defined by complex geometries such as chambers, corridors and vertical shafts. The main goal of this study was to discover the spatial relationships between them and obtain a complete 3D model. In addition, some models with realistic textures of the burial chambers were demanded in order to analyse archaeological, architectural and geological aspects. The methodology was based on the use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Close Range Photogrammetry. In general, both techniques were developed in parallel for each tomb. Some elements presented difficulties because of their reduced dimensions, the presence of vertical falls, some objects stored in the tombs that generated occlusions of some walls, coincidence of other workers, poor illumination conditions, etc. The results included three complete 3D models obtained without texture and some parts of interest obtained with real textures. All models were merged into a global 3D model. The information extracted from this product has helped architects and archaeologists to contrast their premises about the spatial behaviour of the tombs. The results have also allowed the obtaining of the first 3D documentation of these tombs under the same reference system, allowing them to be studied completely. This information is very important for documentation purposes but also to understand the spatial behaviour of these structures and the excavation processes developed by ancient Egyptians 4000 years ago.

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3D SURVEY AND AUGMENTED REALITY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE. THE CASE STUDY OF AURELIAN WALL AT CASTRA PRAETORIA IN ROME

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-931-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B5 ◽

pp. 931-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M. Canciani ◽

E. Conigliaro ◽

M. Del Grasso ◽

P. Papalini ◽

M. Saccone

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Coming Out ◽

3D Model ◽

Low Cost ◽

Conservation Status ◽

3D Models ◽

Curtain Wall ◽

Virtual Reconstruction

The development of close-range photogrammetry has produced a lot of new possibility to study cultural heritage. 3D data acquired with conventional and low cost cameras can be used to document, investigate the full appearance, materials and conservation status, to help the restoration process and identify intervention priorities. At the same time, with 3D survey a lot of three-dimensional data are collected and analyzed by researchers, but there are a very few possibility of 3D output. The augmented reality is one of this possible output with a very low cost technology but a very interesting result. Using simple mobile technology (for iPad and Android Tablets) and shareware software (in the case presented “Augment”) it is possible to share and visualize a large number of 3D models with your own device. The case study presented is a part of an architecture graduate thesis, made in Rome at Department of Architecture of Roma Tre University. We have developed a photogrammetric survey to study the Aurelian Wall at Castra Praetoria in Rome. The surveys of 8000 square meters of surface have allowed to identify stratigraphy and construction phases of a complex portion of Aurelian Wall, specially about the Northern door of Castra. During this study, the data coming out of 3D survey (photogrammetric and topographic), are stored and used to create a reverse 3D model, or virtual reconstruction, of the Northern door of Castra. This virtual reconstruction shows the door in the Tiberian period, nowadays it's totally hidden by a curtain wall but, little and significative architectural details allow to know its original feature. The 3D model of the ancient walls has been mapped with the exact type of bricks and mortar, oriented and scaled according to the existing one to use augmented reality. Finally, two kind of application have been developed, one on site, were you can see superimposed the virtual reconstruction on the existing walls using the image recognition. On the other hand, to show the results also during the graduation day, the same application has been created in off-site condition using a poster.

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FROM TLS SURVEY TO 3D SOLID MODELING FOR DOCUMENTATION OF BUILT HERITAGE: THE CASE STUDY OF PORTA SAVONAROLA IN PADUA

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-303-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽

pp. 303-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Guarnieri ◽

F. Fissore ◽

A. Masiero ◽

A. Vettore

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Cultural Landscapes ◽

3D Models ◽

Solid Model ◽

High Expectations ◽

Cultural Objects ◽

Laser Scanners ◽

Close Range ◽

3D Solid

It is a matter of fact that 3D visualisation and proper documentation of cultural objects helps to preserve the history and memories of historic buildings, archaeological sites and cultural landscapes, and supports economic growth by stimulating cultural tourism. Preservation, visualisation and recreation of valuable historical and architectural objects and places has always been a serious challenge for specialists in the field. Today, the rapid developments in the fields of close-range photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and computer vision (CV) enable to carry out highly accurate 3D models so as to be extremely effective and intuitive for users who have stringent requirements and high expectations. In this note we present the results of the survey and 3D modeling of an ancient gate, Porta Savonarola, located within the remains of the medieval town walls surrounding the historical city center of Padua, Italy. The work has been undertaken within the framework of the project “Walls Multimedia Museum” (WMM) promoted by the local private association “Padua Walls Committee”. The goal of the project was to develop a prototype of an “extended” virtual museum, spreaded along most interesting locations of the town walls. The survey of the ancient gate was performed with a Leica C10 and P20 terrestrial laser scanners. Once the acquired scans were properly merged together, a solid model was generated from the global point cloud, and plans and elevations were extracted from it for restoration purposes. A short multimedia video was also created for the “Walls Multimedia Museum”, showing both the outer and inner part of the gate. In the paper we will discuss all the steps and challenges addressed to provide the 3D solid model of Porta Savonarola from the TLS data.

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Photo-Realistic 3D Modelling of Sculptures on Open-Air Museums

Geoinformatics FCE CTU ◽

10.14311/gi.6.12 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 89-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesca Duca ◽

Miriam Cabrelles ◽

Santiago Navarro ◽

Ana Elena Segui ◽

José Luis Lerma

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Digital Camera ◽

Point Clouds ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Data Registration ◽

Fast Acquisition ◽

High Resolution Images ◽

3D Documentation ◽

Processing Steps

Laser scanning is a high-end technology with possibilities far ahead the well-known civil engineering and industrial applications. The actual geomatic technologies and methodologies for cultural heritage documentation allow the generation of very realistic 3D results used for many scopes like archaeological documentation, digital conservation, 3D repositories, etc. The fast acquisition times of large number of point clouds in 3D opens up the world of capabilities to document and keep alive cultural heritage, moving forward the generation of virtual animated replicas of great value and smooth multimedia dissemination. This paper presents the use of a terrestrial laser sca nning (TLS) as a valuable tool for 3D documentation of large outdoor cultural heritage sculptures such as two of the existing ones inside the “Campus de Vera” of the UPV: “Defensas I” and “Mentoring”. The processing of the TLS data is discussed in detail in order to create photo-realistic digital models. Data acquisition is conducted with a time-of-flight scanner, characterized by its high accuracy, small beam, and ultra-fine scanning. Data processing is performed using Leica Geosystems Cyclone Software for the data registration and 3DReshaper Software for modelling and texturing. High-resolution images after calibration and orientation of an off-the-shelf digital camera are draped onto the models to achieve right appearance in colour and texture. A discussion on the differences found out when modelling sculptures with different deviation errors will be presented. Processing steps such as normal smoothing and vertices recalculation are found appropriate to achieve continuous meshes around the objects.

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Modeling of Vanished Historic Mining Landscape Features as a Part of Digital Cultural Heritage and Possibilities of Its Use in Mining Tourism (Case Study: Gelnica Town, Slovakia)

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources9040043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Pavel Hronček ◽

Bohuslava Gregorová ◽

Dana Tometzová ◽

Mário Molokáč ◽

Ladislav Hvizdák

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

3D Modeling ◽

3D Model ◽

Underground Mining ◽

3D Models ◽

Digital Cultural Heritage ◽

Historic Mining ◽

Mining Heritage ◽

Virtual Mining

The study provides a methodology for 3D model processing of historic mining landscape, and its features as mining digital cultural heritage with the possibility of using new visualization means in mining tourism. Historic mining landscapes around the towns of Gelnica (eastern Slovakia) had been chosen for the case study. The underground mining spaces around Gelnica, which are currently inaccessible to clients of mining tourism, were processed using 3D modeling. Historically, correctly processed 3D models of mining spaces enable customers of mining tourism to virtually travel not only in space, but what is most important, in time as well. The up-to-date computer-generated virtual mining heritage in the form of 3D models can be viewed via the Internet from different perspectives and angles. The models created this way are currently the latest trend in developing mining tourism.

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De la fotogrametría a la difusión del patrimonio arqueológico mediante game engines: Menga un caso de estudio

Virtual Archaeology Review ◽

10.4995/var.2015.4159 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 58 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

José L. Caro ◽

Salvador Hansen

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Mobile Devices ◽

3D Model ◽

New Technologies ◽

Low Cost ◽

3D Models ◽

Cultural Tourism ◽

Tourism Education ◽

Game Engines

Everyone knows the importance of new technologies and the growth they have had in mobile devices. Today in the field of study and dissemination of cultural heritage (including archaeological), the use of digital 3D models and associated technologies are a tool to increase the registration quality and consequently a better basis for interpretation and dissemination for cultural tourism, education and research. Within this area is gaining positions photogrammetry over other technologies due to its low cost. We can generate 3D models from forografí as through a set of algorithms that are able to obtain very approximate models and very realistic textures. In this paper we propose the use of game-engines to incorporate one element diffusion: the ability to navigate the 3D model realistically. As a case study we use a Menga dolmen that will serve as a study and demonstration of the techniques employed.

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3D SURVEY AND AUGMENTED REALITY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE. THE CASE STUDY OF AURELIAN WALL AT CASTRA PRAETORIA IN ROME

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-931-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B5 ◽

pp. 931-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Canciani ◽

E. Conigliaro ◽

M. Del Grasso ◽

P. Papalini ◽

M. Saccone

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Coming Out ◽

3D Model ◽

Low Cost ◽

Conservation Status ◽

3D Models ◽

Curtain Wall ◽

Virtual Reconstruction

The development of close-range photogrammetry has produced a lot of new possibility to study cultural heritage. 3D data acquired with conventional and low cost cameras can be used to document, investigate the full appearance, materials and conservation status, to help the restoration process and identify intervention priorities. At the same time, with 3D survey a lot of three-dimensional data are collected and analyzed by researchers, but there are a very few possibility of 3D output. The augmented reality is one of this possible output with a very low cost technology but a very interesting result. Using simple mobile technology (for iPad and Android Tablets) and shareware software (in the case presented “Augment”) it is possible to share and visualize a large number of 3D models with your own device. The case study presented is a part of an architecture graduate thesis, made in Rome at Department of Architecture of Roma Tre University. We have developed a photogrammetric survey to study the Aurelian Wall at Castra Praetoria in Rome. The surveys of 8000 square meters of surface have allowed to identify stratigraphy and construction phases of a complex portion of Aurelian Wall, specially about the Northern door of Castra. During this study, the data coming out of 3D survey (photogrammetric and topographic), are stored and used to create a reverse 3D model, or virtual reconstruction, of the Northern door of Castra. This virtual reconstruction shows the door in the Tiberian period, nowadays it's totally hidden by a curtain wall but, little and significative architectural details allow to know its original feature. The 3D model of the ancient walls has been mapped with the exact type of bricks and mortar, oriented and scaled according to the existing one to use augmented reality. Finally, two kind of application have been developed, one on site, were you can see superimposed the virtual reconstruction on the existing walls using the image recognition. On the other hand, to show the results also during the graduation day, the same application has been created in off-site condition using a poster.

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HIGH-QUALITY 3D MODELS AND THEIR USE IN A CULTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION PROJECT

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-687-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽

pp. 687-693 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G. Tucci ◽

V. Bonora ◽

A. Conti ◽

L. Fiorini

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

Heritage Conservation ◽

Work Support ◽

Cultural Heritage Conservation ◽

3D Data ◽

Restoration Work ◽

3D Documentation

Cultural heritage digitization and 3D modelling processes are mainly based on laser scanning and digital photogrammetry techniques to produce complete, detailed and photorealistic three-dimensional surveys: geometric as well as chromatic aspects, in turn testimony of materials, work techniques, state of preservation, etc., are documented using digitization processes. The paper explores the topic of 3D documentation for conservation purposes; it analyses how geomatics contributes in different steps of a restoration process and it presents an overview of different uses of 3D models for the conservation and enhancement of the cultural heritage. The paper reports on the project to digitize the earthenware frieze of the Ospedale del Ceppo in Pistoia (Italy) for 3D documentation, restoration work support, and digital and physical reconstruction and integration purposes. The intent to design an exhibition area suggests new ways to take advantage of 3D data originally acquired for documentation and scientific purposes.

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Documentación 3D y visualización multimedia de la Cova del Parpalló (Gandia)

Virtual Archaeology Review ◽

10.4995/var.2010.4701 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José Luis Lerma García ◽

Miriam Cabrelles López ◽

Santiago Navarro Tarín ◽

Sergio Galcerá Ustero

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

The Other ◽

Its Analysis ◽

3D Documentation ◽

The One ◽

The Right ◽

Cultural Heritage Objects

The three-dimensional (3D) documentation by means of laser scanning and photogrammetry eases exhaustive recording, the right lecture of cultural heritage objects and its analysis in order to, on the one hand, adopt appropriate decisions and interventions, on the other hand, move forward the generation of virtual animated replicas of great value and smooth multimedia dissemination. The present paper tackles the different stages of graphic documentation and visualization undertaken in the Parpalló Cave (Cova del Parpalló), Gandia, Valencia. Besides traditional surveying documentation that is based on planimetric and altimetric maps, this paper presents the plotting and animated visualization of the Palaeolithic set not only making use of lights and shadows but also from photorealistic textured 3D models.

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