scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL CONSOLIDATION WORKS IN RAMMED EARTH WALLS: THE CASE OF THE BAÑUELO IN GRANADA (SPAIN)

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 1103-1110
Author(s):  
J. M. López-Osorio ◽  
P. Bel-Anzué
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Surface Coating ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
General Context ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
The West ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Erosion Level ◽  
Earth Walls

Abstract. Between 2015 and 2018, different restoration works were carried out on the dividing walls of the Bañuelo in Granada. They affected rammed earth, masonry and brick fabrics of different chronological periods, corresponding to medieval structures (12th–15th centuries), Modern Age repairs (16th–18th centuries) and contemporary restoration works conducted by F. Prieto-Moreno and L. Torres Balbás (20th century). In this article are presented the works carried out on the west dividing wall, which separate the Arab bath from the garden of the adjoining house. This fabric corresponds to a recent chronology and is not related to the founding fabrics of the Andalusian building; this fact has allowed the development of experimental methodologies avoiding any alteration on structures of a high historical value. Nevertheless, this wall preserves a layered structure of repairs or restorations of Modern and Contemporary Age, which has been factored in the consolidation works. Accordingly, the intervention has not been limited to a strict preservation or a volumetric reintegration of the rammed earth fabric, but aims to offer a range of solutions according to the state of conservation of the structures and the erosion level of the surfaces, on the basis of a previous laboratory tests. Consequently, the conservation works present different intervention techniques and surface coating treatments, which facilitate the execution and contribute to the legibility and the integration of the intervention in the general context of the building.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY STUDIES TO VALUE ENHANCEMENT OF THE OLD CITADEL IN ORIA, ALMERIA, SPAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
J. Moya-Muñoz ◽  
A. Gonzalez-Serrano ◽  
F. Pinto-Puerto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Preliminary Step ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
Rammed Earth Wall ◽  
Cultural Interest ◽  
Earth Walls

Abstract. During the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, the alcazaba of Oria (Old citadel) was considered one of the most outstanding medieval defensive ensembles in the province of Almeria. This defensive complex, located in the Almanzora Valley at an altitude of over a thousand metres, was built around the 12th-14th centuries and has been registered as an Asset of Cultural Interest since 1985. Nevertheless, unfortunate decisions to intervene in the monument and lack of maintenance facilitated the loss of most of its wall, which had been preserved until the twentieth century. Despite the critical situation of the complex, two sections of the rammed-earth wall are currently identified as standing. This study represents an opportunity to broaden the knowledge of this relevant wall structure and the characterisation of the rammed-earth reinforced wall with lime mortar layers. As a preliminary step towards the rammed-earth walls analysis, the graphic representation of wall elevations by photogrammetry tools is proposed. This technique allows to graphically define the morphology of the rammed-earth wall, to perform its typological analysis and constructive characterisation; and furthermore, to evaluate the state of constructive elements conservation by means of the identification of its damages. The information and results obtained will allow to establish the appropriate laboratory tests for the rammed-earth materials characterisation and to define a report that justifies the inexcusable need to consolidate and preserve them.

scholarly journals Design Optimisation Strategies for Solid Rammed Earth Walls in Mediterranean Climates

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Giada Giuffrida ◽  
Maurizio Detommaso ◽  
Francesco Nocera ◽  
Rosa Caponetto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
Earth Walls ◽  
Raw Earth

The renewed attention paid to raw earth construction in recent decades is linked to its undoubted sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and low embodied energy. In Italy, the use of raw earth as a construction material is limited by the lack of a technical reference standard and is penalised by the current energy legislation for its massive behaviour. Research experiences, especially transoceanic, on highly performative contemporary buildings made with natural materials show that raw earth can be used, together with different types of reinforcements, to create safe, earthquake-resistant, and thermally efficient buildings. On the basis of experimental data of an innovative fibre-reinforced rammed earth material, energy analyses are developed on a rammed earth building designed for a Mediterranean climate. The paper focuses on the influences that different design solutions, inspired by traditional bioclimatic strategies, and various optimised wall constructions have in the improvement of the energy performance of the abovementioned building. These considerations are furthermore compared with different design criteria aiming at minimising embodied carbon in base material choice, costs, and discomfort hours. Results have shown the effectiveness of using the combination of massive rammed earth walls, night cross ventilation, and overhangs for the reduction of energy demand for space cooling and the improvement of wellbeing. Finally, the parametric analysis of thermal insulation has highlighted the economic, environmental, and thermophysical optimal solutions for the rammed earth envelope.

Intégration et transformation d’une figure de la danse classique par la danse coréenne – une analyse comparée de la Pirouette en dehors et du Hanbaldeuleodolgi basée sur la notation Laban

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Eun Shim ◽  
Blandine Bril
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The West ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Classical Dance ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
Mechanical Constraints ◽  
Classical Ballet ◽  
Korean Dance

Due to cultural exchange between the West and Asia since the beginning of the 20th century, the Korean dance has integrated quite a few aspects of classical dance while transforming its figures. The transformation itself is what we are interested in. We focus on a central figure in classical ballet, la pirouette en dehors, which in the Korean dance is known as the Hanbaldeuleodolgi. Our research aims at understanding how is expressed in both cultures (France and Korea), a dance movement which comes under similar mechanical constraints (producing rotational forces) while displaying a unique aesthetic to each context. The detailed analysis of this figure is carried out based on the theory of Rudolf Laban.

Energy evaluation of rammed earth walls using long term in-situ measurements

Solar Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Soudani ◽  
Monika Woloszyn ◽  
Antonin Fabbri ◽  
Jean-Claude Morel ◽  
Anne-Cécile Grillet
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Earth Walls

Recycling of bricks in rammed earth walls

2013 ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
V Cristini ◽  
C Mileto ◽  
F López-Manzanares ◽  
J Checa
Keyword(s):  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Earth Walls

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN JAMALUDDIN AL-AFGHANI (JAMAL AD-DIN AL-AFGHANI) (1838 – 1897 M)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Akmal Hawi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 19th century to the 20th century is a moment in which Muslims enter a new gate, the gate of renewal. This phase is often referred to as the century of modernism, a century where people are confronted with the fact that the West is far ahead of them. This situation made various responses emerging, various Islamic groups responded in different ways based on their Islamic nature. Some respond with accommodative stance and recognize that the people are indeed doomed and must follow the West in order to rise from the downturn. Others respond by rejecting anything coming from the West because they think it is outside of Islam. These circles believe Islam is the best and the people must return to the foundations of revelation, this circle is often called the revivalists. One of the figures who is an important figure in Islamic reform, Jamaluddin Al-Afghani, a reformer who has its own uniqueness, uniqueness, and mystery. Departing from the division of Islamic features above, Afghani occupies a unique position in responding to Western domination of Islam. On the one hand, Afghani is very moderate by accommodating ideas coming from the West, this is done to improve the decline of the ummah. On the other hand, however, Afghani appeared so loudly when it came to the question of nationality or on matters relating to Islam. As a result, Afghani traces his legs on two different sides, he is a modernist but also a fundamentalist. 

scholarly journals FROM ʽNEWSREELʼ TO ʽTV NEWSʼ IN SERBIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Marija Vujović ◽  
Anka Mihajlov Prokopović
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Television News ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Film Genre ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Moment

Prior to becoming the most dominant cultural product of the modern age, the film began its history as a journalistic concept. The first films made by the brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière in the late 19th century were documentaries. The first film made at the beginning of the 20th century in Serbia was also a type of a newsreel, a documentary. Some of the first cinema owners and cinematographers were journalists. This paper explains the development of documentary film in Serbia, which, in addition to being a film genre, also became a television genre in the second half of the 20th century. The goal of this paper is to show the development path starting from the first feature film and newsreel, to television news - one of the most frequent TV programs of the moment – by using the example of Serbia.

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