scholarly journals SHAPE GRAMMAR LIBRARIES OF EUROPEAN CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS FOR HISTORIC BIM

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 479-486
Author(s):  
M. Murphy ◽  
E. Meegan ◽  
G. Keenaghan ◽  
A. Chenaux ◽  
A. Corns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Shape Grammars ◽  
Classical Architecture ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction

Abstract. This paper proposes a design for libraries of European Classical architectural elements based on shape grammars. This design is based on a workflow which develops library objects from 3D CAD primitives using architectural rules to construct parametric representations of architectural elements. In the case of Classical architecture, the design and detail for the parametric objects are based on manuscripts ranging from Vitruvius to Palladio to the architectural pattern books of the eighteenth century. The generation of 3D objects for virtual reconstruction necessitates the application of computer algorithms and rules introduced by the user to generate objects, buildings and spaces from a grammar and vocabulary of shapes. Both the use of graphicly constructed and coded parametric libraries in formal and open-source platforms will be considered here.

scholarly journals Regarding Rules: From Rimini to Rio

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Knight
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Shape Grammars ◽  
Classical Architecture ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
De Re Aedificatoria ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Prior Shape

The legacy of Alberti’s 15th century treatise, De re aedificatoria(Alberti, 1988), on architectural theory and practice up to the present day is profound and wide-ranging. Indeed, the story of building over the last five and a half centuries is, in part, the story of the diverse interpretations, adaptations, and transformations of the rules of building that Alberti derived from classical architecture and laid down in his treatise. Interestingly, this story of transformations begins with Alberti himself — with his own adaptations and departures from classical rules within his own design practice and for his own time. In so doing, Alberti set the stage for others to transform rules, precedents, and traditions in innovative and context-specific ways.In this paper, design rules and transformations are introducedthrough the ideas and work of Alberti, and then expanded througha computational lens, specifically, through the lens of shape grammars.Four computational strategies for transforming designs to produce new ones are outlined and illustrated through prior shape grammar studies.In each strategy, the analysis of precedents is the impetus for design, and rules are the basis for practice. Though the computational format of shape grammars rules is unique and contemporary, the goals and potentials of shape grammars are very much in the spirit of Alberti.

scholarly journals Shape Grammar Strategies for Representing the Built Heritage

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Khalid Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Emad Hani Ismaeel
Keyword(s):  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Cognitive Values ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
Architectural Principles

Traditional architecture style represents the evolutionary style and experienced characteristics of an urban environment that give a sense of place and identity. This style includes a mixture of technical and cognitive values that are difficult to conserve compared to other material resources. The process of organizing and classifying the architectural elements of these constructions in a virtual digital manner is one of the means of preventive conservation of the built heritage.  Many international experiments have employed the shape grammar in analyzing the structure of the historic elements because of its ability to combine the dimensional and morphological values, to classify them into a variety of categories with common characteristics according to the local architectural language. The study seeks to determine the approaches of the shape grammar to derive the rules and its relationships that used in the virtual reconstruction according to the traditional architectural principles, and highlighting the digital applications and software that deals with the shape grammar in this field. The methodology of this study adopted the analysis of studies that employed the shape grammar in the built heritage domain to determine the potential of these systems, to be presented as a documentation procedure for information management of built heritage.

Shape Grammars and Their Languages: A Methodology for Product Design and Product Representation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Agarwal ◽  
Jonathan Cagan
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Shape Grammars ◽  
Product Representation ◽  
Competitive Products ◽  
Infinite Set

Abstract This paper argues that shape grammars and the languages they define are an ideal means to generate and represent products where basic functionality can be decomposed into discrete processes, forms can be created to fulfill those functional processes, and variation in those forms differentiates between competitive products. A shape grammar for the design of coffee makers is highlighted and used to illustrate how an infinite set of a class of products can be articulated through a concise shape grammar. Novel coffee makers and coffee makers in the market today are generated from the grammar.

Towards the Mass Customization of Housing: The Grammar of Siza's Houses at Malagueira

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pinto Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Mass Customization ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Shape Grammars ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
System A ◽  
Functional Zones

The goal of the described research is an interactive computer system for the design of customized mass housing. Shape grammars are the formalism proposed to systematize the design rules required for such a system. A shape grammar for Alvaro Siza's patio houses at Malagueira, a 1200-unit development still being designed and constructed today, is presented. The grammar is based on the corpus of thirty-five houses designed between 1977 and 1996. The generation of houses in the grammar proceeds by the recursive dissection of rectangles locating four different functional zones (patio, living, services, and sleeping) and the key placement of the staircase. The schematic generations of two existing houses and the detailed generation of a novel one illustrate the grammar.

A. J. Davis’s Belmead

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-167
Author(s):  
Daniel Bluestone
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
James River ◽  
Gothic Revival ◽  
Classical Architecture ◽  
Chattel Slavery ◽  
Slave Quarters

In 1845 Philip St. George Cocke commissioned Alexander Jackson Davis to design a Gothic revival villa for Belmead. In doing so he radically departed from the tradition of Palladian and classical architecture that had characterized elite Virginia plantations since the mid-eighteenth century. In A. J. Davis’s Belmead: Picturesque Aesthetics in the Land of Slavery, Daniel Bluestone argues that a Davis design resonated differently on the banks of the James River than on the banks of the Hudson. The appeal of Davis’s design lay in its sensitivity to the reciprocity between buildings and landscape, highlighting Cocke’s advocacy of greater stewardship of the land in the place of generations of ruinous agricultural practices. Beyond his villa and his land, Cocke commissioned Davis to design Belmead’s slave quarters. This was an attempt to harmonize himself with his slaves and the nation with an agricultural system based upon chattel slavery rather than yeomen farmers. This essay encourages us to look beyond the universals that often frame architectural history discussions of picturesque aesthetics to situate picturesque designs more precisely within a place-centered context of client vision and socio-cultural meaning.

Enabling the Use of Shape Grammars: Shape Grammar Interpretation Through General Shape Recognition

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay McCormack ◽  
Jonathan Cagan
Keyword(s):  
Shape Recognition ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Shape Grammars ◽  
General Shape ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Research Challenge

Abstract Shape grammars have recently shown promise in engineering applications. The need to efficiently implement such grammars, rather than hard code them, in a way that supports creativity through shape emergence has still remained an ongoing research challenge. This paper introduces a shape grammar interpreter that supports parametric shape recognition, and thereby shape emergence. The approach divides shapes into hierarchies of subshapes based on specified geometric relationships within the shape. A default hierarchy based on geometric relations often found in engineering and architectural designs is presented as an efficient example of one appropriate hierarchy. A classic shape grammar demonstrates the interpreter’s shape recognition and generation abilities.

Virtual Reconstruction as Archaeological Observation: Embracing New Ways of Treating Sites, Places and Landscapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Douglass ◽  
Zachary R. Day ◽  
Jeremy C. Brunette ◽  
Peter Bleed ◽  
Douglas Scott
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Online Tutorials ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Southern Oklahoma

AbstractVirtual Reconstruction is a powerful tool broadly suited to a diverse array of archaeological heritage applications. In practice, however, reconstruction has largely focused on grand and monumental sites. Here we present two case studies–one from southern Oklahoma, the other from western Nebraska–to explore the use of this technology for more common heritage applications. The goal of this article is to advertise the dilemma we faced with communicating information on ephemeral sites and how we, as nonspecialists, solved the issue using affordable and accessible digital tools. Our workflow makes use of common tools (GIS) and open source software and online tutorials provide step by step instruction to support its replication. In presenting our experiences and the results of these efforts, we hope to spur similar applications in the use of Virtual Reconstruction to communicate information on archaeological heritage more broadly.

Computing with Emergence

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Knight
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Creative Design ◽  
Shape Grammars ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Philosophy Today ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Computational Systems

The concept of emergence has its roots in 19th-century philosophy. Today it is central to many computational systems which retain the hallmarks of emergence laid out much earlier. The role of emergence in creative design and its unique embodiment in shape grammars have been emphasized by March, Stiny, and others. Shape grammars generate emergent shapes—shapes not predefined in a grammar. Emergent shapes are not only the output of a shape grammar computation; they can be the input for further computation. The history of emergence and its characterization in shape grammars are discussed here. Different sorts of shape emergence in grammars are then distinguished: anticipated, possible, and unanticipated. Unanticipated emergent shapes are shapes not premeditated by the author or user of a grammar. Generally, unanticipated shapes require on-the-spot definitions of rules to compute with them. However, for some interesting design problems, it is possible to know in advance what to do with unanticipated shapes, and to predefine rules accordingly. Special rules for computing with unanticipated shapes are proposed here. These rules allow for processes that have previously been handled extragrammatically—outside of grammars—to be handled within grammars. Examples of applications of these rules within a single grammar and across parallel grammars are given.

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