scholarly journals Shape Grammar Strategies for Representing the Built Heritage

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Khalid Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Emad Hani Ismaeel
Keyword(s):  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Cognitive Values ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
Architectural Principles

Traditional architecture style represents the evolutionary style and experienced characteristics of an urban environment that give a sense of place and identity. This style includes a mixture of technical and cognitive values that are difficult to conserve compared to other material resources. The process of organizing and classifying the architectural elements of these constructions in a virtual digital manner is one of the means of preventive conservation of the built heritage.  Many international experiments have employed the shape grammar in analyzing the structure of the historic elements because of its ability to combine the dimensional and morphological values, to classify them into a variety of categories with common characteristics according to the local architectural language. The study seeks to determine the approaches of the shape grammar to derive the rules and its relationships that used in the virtual reconstruction according to the traditional architectural principles, and highlighting the digital applications and software that deals with the shape grammar in this field. The methodology of this study adopted the analysis of studies that employed the shape grammar in the built heritage domain to determine the potential of these systems, to be presented as a documentation procedure for information management of built heritage.

Classifying the Heritage Elements Using Shape Grammars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
khalid sadani ◽  
◽  
Emad Ismaeel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Digital Technique ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Cognitive Values ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
Conservation Projects

Traditional architecture style represents the evolutionary style and experienced characteristics of an urban environment that give a sense of place and identity. This style includes a mixture of technical and cognitive values that are difficult to conserve compared to other material resources. The process of organizing and classifying the architectural elements of these constructions in virtual digital manner is one of the means of preventive conservation for such elements and their values, which is essential in conservation operations of the built heritage. The study analyzes a number of international experiments that have employed shape grammar in studying and classifying the heritage elements in digital technique with specific rules. That because of the ability of these systems to examine the structure of the historic elements as it offers the possibility to combine their dimensional and morphological values, to classify them into a variety of categories with common characteristics in a specific style according to the local architectural language. The study seeks to determine the approaches of using the shape grammar as a mechanism of analyzing the structure of the elements of the Built heritage for classification. Next, to derive the rules and relationships that are used for the digital virtual reconstruction of the Built heritage according to the traditional architectural principles, and highlighting the digital applications and software that deals with the shape grammar in this field. The methodology of this study adopted the analysis of a number of studies that employed the shape grammar in the built heritage domain in order to review the potential of this digital systems and applications, to be presented as a documentation procedure for information management of preventive conservation projects of the urban environment in ancient cities.

scholarly journals SHAPE GRAMMAR LIBRARIES OF EUROPEAN CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS FOR HISTORIC BIM

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 479-486
Author(s):  
M. Murphy ◽  
E. Meegan ◽  
G. Keenaghan ◽  
A. Chenaux ◽  
A. Corns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Shape Grammars ◽  
Classical Architecture ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction

Abstract. This paper proposes a design for libraries of European Classical architectural elements based on shape grammars. This design is based on a workflow which develops library objects from 3D CAD primitives using architectural rules to construct parametric representations of architectural elements. In the case of Classical architecture, the design and detail for the parametric objects are based on manuscripts ranging from Vitruvius to Palladio to the architectural pattern books of the eighteenth century. The generation of 3D objects for virtual reconstruction necessitates the application of computer algorithms and rules introduced by the user to generate objects, buildings and spaces from a grammar and vocabulary of shapes. Both the use of graphicly constructed and coded parametric libraries in formal and open-source platforms will be considered here.

Preventive Conservation of Historic Buildings

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koenraad Van Balen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Systemic Nature

Abstract Preventive Conservation is argued to improve preservation of heritage at large. The UNESCO chair on Preventive Conservation, monitoring and maintenance of monuments and sites (PRECOM3OS) has pushed research and collaboration to understand the nature of preventive conservation in the field of built heritage. The study of the concepts and practices of prevention in public health helps to understand the systemic nature of prevention and how they can be transferred to the conservation world.

scholarly journals DESAIN MASJID DI KECAMATAN TOMIA TIMUR KABUPATEN WAKATOBI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA DENGAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP ARSITEKTUR EKLEKTIK

Vitruvian ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakaria Umar ◽  
Masfan Agus
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
Double Decker ◽  
Architectural Principles ◽  
The City

ABSTRAKMasjid-masjid di Indonesia khususnya di Jawa juga tidak bebas dari pengaruh kebudayaan lokal. Hal ini disebabkan manusia Indonesia pada umumnya bersifat eklektik, maka bentuk masjid-masjid di Indonesia pun bergaya campuran sisa-sisa kebudayaan Hindu, bangunan-bangunan India, atau Turki. Saat ini kebudayaan Buton kembali direvitalisasi seperti bentuk atap Malige terdapat pada bangunan sekolah, pertokoan, dan perkantoran. Sedangkan bentuk masjid Keraton Buton dan rumah tradisional Buton Malige belum pernah diadaptasi menjadi alternatif bentukan masjid di Kota Baubau. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendesain masjid skala kecamatan di Kelurahan Tongano Barat, Kecamatan Tomia Timur, Kabupaten Wakatobi dengan prinsip-prinsip arsitektur eklektik terhadap masjid Keraton Buton dan rumah tradisional Buton Malige. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode grounded theory dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan cara data direduksi, disajikan, dan disimpulkan. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa elemen-elemen arsitektural masjid di Kecamatan Tomia Timur, Kabupaten Wakatobi, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara yang dimodifikasi dari bangunan Masjid Agung tradisional Keraton Buton adalah denah masjid, jendela masjid, tangga eksterior masjid, dan fondasi masjid sedangkan dari rumah tradisional Buton Malige adalah rumah atap bersusun (Malige) serta masjid berbentuk rumah panggung. ABSTRACTMosques in Indonesia especially in Java are also not free from the influence of local culture. This is because Indonesian people are generally eclectic, so the form of our mosques are a mixture of remnants of Hindu culture, Indian buildings, or Turkey. Nowadays, Buton culture has been revitalized like the shape of the Malige roof on school buildings, shops, and offices. While the form of the Palace of Buton mosque and the traditional house of Buton Malige have never been adapted to be an alternative form of a mosque in the City of Baubau. This research is intended to design a sub-scale mosque in the West Tongano Village, Tomia Timur District, Wakatobi Regency with eclectic architectural principles towards the Keraton Buton mosque and the traditional house of Buton Malige. This study uses a grounded theory method with a qualitative approach. Data sources consist of primary data and secondary data. Data collected by observation, interview, and documentation. Data were analyzed by means of data reduced, presented, and concluded. This study concluded that the architectural elements of the mosque in Tomia Timur Subdistrict, Wakatobi Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province which were modified from the traditional Great Mosque building of the Keraton Buton were mosque plans, mosque windows, mosque exterior stairs, and mosque foundations, while from the traditional houses of Buton Malige were a double-decker roof house (Malige) and a mosque on stilts.

scholarly journals STUDY ON ARCHITECTURAL RELATION OF ANCIENT MATARAM HINDU CANDI AND VĀSTUŚĀSTRA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 234-251
Author(s):  
Aditya Bayu Perdana ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Pronounced Difference ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Architectural Principles ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Local Materials

Abstract - Classical Indian architectural principles and tradition has been collected and preserved in a vast body of literature collectively known as the Vāstuśāstra. This branch of classical Indian knowledge is a realization of Hindu ideals in terms of architectural edifice, which significantly influence the religious architecture of the Indian cultural sphere which extends to the medieval Island of Java. Even though Indian influences are recognizable in the design of Javanese Hindu candis from the Ancient Mataram era, to what extend the Indian vāstuśāstra was followed is less obvious, for the Javanese candis contain some architectural elements that are not found in vāstuśāstra or Indian temples. By identifying and comparing vāstuśāstra and ancient Indian temples with Javanese candis, it should bring more clarity on which elements are part of the Indian culture continuity and which are part of the local genius. By doing so, the relation between Javanese candi and vāstuśāstra could be reasonably deduced. In this study, a comparative and qualitative method with with historical and textual approach is used. The author focuses on the overall form of the elevation as well as the mass and spatial arrangement. This study would collect and compare the relevant parts of vāstuśāstra as well as Indian examples obtained from literary studies with datas from six samples of Mataram era candis, three from the early period and three from the midclassic period.Comparison by the author shows several results. Firstly, the elevation of Mataram era Hindu candi fits into the basic mould of Indian temples as described in the vāstuśāstra, with seven distinct elements in the vertical direction termed Upapīṭha, Adhiṣṭhāna, Pada, Prastara, Gala, Śikhara, and Stūpi. However, various architectural details of these elements have marked differences from the norms of Indian temples and from what is instructed in the Vāstuśāstra. The distinctive Javanese Kala-Makara for example, does not conform to the Indian Toraṇa-Makara described in Mānasāra. Some Javanese elements has no Indian prototype at all. Secondly, the mass and spatial arrangement of Javanese candis have even more pronounced difference than Indian temples. The typical Javanese arrangement of main temple opposing three secondary temples in a row is not found in India. Conversely, Indian arrangement with an attaching Maṇḍapa in front of the main temple tower is not present in Java at all. In the case of orientation, Javanese candis may be oriented to west or east, while Indian temples overwhelmingly preferred east.The result of this study suggests that the relation between Javanese candi and the vāstuśāstra is a loose and flexible one; vāstuśāstra is used on some aspect such as the basic temple shape but disregarded in the details and ornaments. Javanese candi designers freely adopts and discards various parts of the vāstuśāstra according to prevailing conditions. Those conditions might be due to local materials and taste which form distinctive traits of local genius. Javanese designers never sought to replicate a perfect imitation of Indian temples in Java; rather, Javanese designers shows a creative and selective attitude in responding to foreign influence which yields the innovative and unique design of candi. In the oldest phases, Indian influences can be detected in such a way that candi can be considered an Indian export that has been localized. As time goes, especially since the time of Prambanan, Indian prototype becomes more difficult to discerned until candi becomes a thoroughly local architectural product.Key Words: Javanese candi, Indian temple, Vāstuśāstra, Ancient Mataram

scholarly journals Reflecting the Spirit of Modern-Indonesia Through Architecture: The Icono-Symbolical Meanings of Jengki Architectural Style Case Studies: Bandung Polytechnic of Health Building and Bumi Sangkuriang Meeting Hall in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Purnama Salura ◽  
Stephanie Clarissa ◽  
Reginaldo Christophori Lake
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Style ◽  
West Java ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
International Style ◽  
Foundational Principle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architectural Knowledge

The architectural discourse in Indonesia generally focuses on traditional architecture that represents specific regional icons, the synthesis of traditional architecture with European-style architecture, and modern architecture inspired by International Style. This research focuses on the architectural style in Indonesia which flourished in the 1950s, known as the Jengki architectural style. This architectural style is essential in the history of Indonesian architecture, considering that the style reflects the spirit of nationalism and post-colonial Indonesian. This research aims to explore the icons of Jengki architecture, by elucidating the architectural concepts that underlie the two oldest Jengki buildings in Bandung, West Java. The analysis showed that the characteristics of this architectural style shown by the configuration of architectural elements resembling the form of a pentagon, mostly asymmetrical in spatial layout, playful articulation of ornaments, and the use of local materials. The pentagon becomes an icon of Pancasila, which is a foundational principle of the new Indonesian state and symbolize the meaning of nationalism. Thus, the icon which also represents symbolic meaning becomes an essential aspect in the design of Jengki-style buildings in the future. This icon can be an alternative to be applied to modern buildings that are intended to display national icons, rather than particular regional icons. Besides enriching the architectural knowledge of Indonesian architecture, the results of this study are beneficial to architectural practitioners, stakeholders, and architectural conservationists as well

scholarly journals Traditional Gypsum Pavements with Natural Aditives

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén González Sánchez ◽  
Antonia Navarro ◽  
Judith Ramírez-Casas ◽  
Joan Ramon Rosell
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Potassium Soap

In traditional architecture, the construction systems used have always been linked to the material resources of the environment. In the areas of extraction of gypsum in the Iberian Peninsula, the use of this material as a conglomerant was not limited to the interior lining of vertical and/or horizontal walls or to interior decorations, as is the case today, but proved to be a very versatile material, which could be used both in structural elements and in finishing elements and decorations. This study shows the preliminary results of an ongoing research on the recovery of traditional gypsum pavements, where three types of traditional gypsum plasters with natural products such as collagen, coconut soap, potassium soap, vegetable oil and marshmallow root were tested. The hygroscopic behaviour of the treated samples has been evaluated from the capillarity water absorption and the contact angle, due to their high hygroscopicity. On the other hand, the density and porosity, surface hardness and thermal conductivity of the samples have also been determined.

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