scholarly journals Review: “Economic assessment of measures aimed at reducing flood damage to buildings using computer modelling and expert judgement”

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anonymous
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Expert Judgement

scholarly journals Economic assessment of measures aimed at reducing flood damage to buildings using computer modelling and expert judgement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Richert ◽  
Hélène Boisgontier ◽  
Frédéric Grelot
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Expert Judgement ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Efficient

Abstract. To limit the losses due to floods, public authorities can try to foster the adoption of private measures aimed at reducing the vulnerability of the dwellings. However, the efficacy and cost-efficiency to reduce material losses of such measures are not well-known. In particular, a better understanding of the influence of buildings characteristics and flood parameters on these variables would help identify the measures that are relevant to implement in specific contexts. We examined this topic for three groups of measures taken on existing dwellings: one consists in elevating the dwelling, one in dry-proofing it, and one in using construction materials that are resistant to water or cheap to replace. We combined expert judgement and computer modelling to assess their cost, efficacy, and cost-efficiency for a wide range of flood depth and duration, building characteristics, and level of exposure. We found that the value of the building components has a positive effect on the efficacy of dry-proofing and elevating a dwelling. Both the efficacy and cost of these two groups of measures increase with the size of the dwelling. Moreover, according to our results, dry-proofing and elevating a dwelling are unlikely to be cost-efficient for dwellings that are not exposed to floods with a return period lower than 100 and 30 years, respectively. Our findings also highlight that it is often less expensive to use the adapted than the original materials when rebuilding a damaged dwelling. Moreover, adapting the materials of an intact dwelling is unlikely to be cost-efficient for dwellings that are not exposed to floods with a return period lower than 20 years.

scholarly journals Economic assessment of precautionary measures against floods: insights from a non-contextual approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2525-2539
Author(s):  
Claire Richert ◽  
Hélène Boisgontier ◽  
Frédéric Grelot
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Efficacy ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Flood Characteristics

Abstract. To limit the losses due to floods, public authorities can try to foster the adoption of private measures aimed at reducing the vulnerability of dwellings. However, the efficacy and cost-efficiency of such measures to reduce material losses are not well-known. In particular, the influence of building and flood characteristics on these variables has not been thoroughly studied. A better understanding of this topic would help identify the measures that are relevant to implement in specific contexts. To address this gap, we examined the effect of building and flood characteristics on the cost, efficacy, and cost-efficiency of three groups of measures taken for existing dwellings: one consists of elevating the dwelling, one of dry proofing it, and one of using construction materials that are resistant to water or cheap to repair or replace. We combined expert judgement and computer modelling to assess their cost, efficacy, and cost-efficiency for a wide range of flood depths and durations, building characteristics, and levels of exposure. We found that the value of the building components has a positive effect on the efficacy of dry proofing and elevating a dwelling. Both the efficacy and cost of these two groups of measures increase with the size of the dwelling. Moreover, according to our results, dry proofing and elevating a dwelling are unlikely to be cost-efficient for dwellings that are not exposed to floods with a return period lower than 100 and 30 years, respectively. Our findings also highlight that it is often less expensive to use the adapted than the original materials when rebuilding a damaged dwelling. Moreover, adapting the materials of an intact dwelling is unlikely to be cost-efficient for dwellings that are not exposed to floods with a return period lower than 20 years. Our results apply to France because the damage and the installation costs of the measures are specific to France and the geometry of the dwellings considered to perform our analyses is based on French dwellings.

scholarly journals Economic assessment of flood damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 10055
Author(s):  
Tatyana Miroshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Economic Criterion ◽  
Flood Resistance ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Flooding Duration ◽  
Flooding Depth

Flooding is a natural hazard. In this regard, the topic of floodprone area management is being actively explored. The study of this issue is a combination of two aspects - environmental and economic. The economic assessment of the consequences of flooding is a single cost model based on an economic criterion. Characteristics such as flooding depth, flooding duration and flooding rate have the greatest influence on the severity of subsequent damage. Standard damage tables are usually based on some damage versus flooding depth. Assuming that the conceptual basis for estimating damages is the same, the expected damages from flooding might be expected to vary between two countries if the flood characteristics are different and the damageability of properties varies between the two countries. The main factors identified by the authors in the course of the study, influencing the amount of damage from flooding, are: flood resistance group; existing physical wear and tear; flooding level. The damage is considered as a percentage of the decrease in the real value of the object. To improve the accuracy of determining flood damage, a multivariate regression analysis tool with the interdependence of influencing factors was selected. It should be noted that the most significant factor is the level (depth) of flooding. The factor of the flood resistance group, which depends on the capital group of the object, seems to be less significant. The least significant factor is the degree of physical deterioration of the object.

ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Afonina ◽  
Svetlana Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Assessment

Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills- Part II: Techno-economic evaluation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Precipitation Process

The evaluation and process risk assessment of (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction for recovery boiler debottlenecking in an existing pulp mill is presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the July 2012 issue of TAPPI Journal. In Part II, the economic assessment of the two biorefinery process options is presented and interpreted. A mill process model was developed using WinGEMS software and used for calculating the mass and energy balances. Investment costs, operating costs, and profitability of the two biorefinery options have been calculated using standard cost estimation methods. The results show that the two biorefinery options are profitable for the case study mill and effective at process debottlenecking. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) of the lignin precipitation process option was estimated to be 95%, while that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option was 28%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the after tax-IRR of the lignin precipitation process remains higher than that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option, for all changes in the selected sensitivity parameters. If we consider the after-tax IRR, as well as capital cost, as selection criteria, the results show that for the case study mill, the lignin precipitation process is more promising than the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. However, the comparison between the two biorefinery options should include long-term evaluation criteria. The potential of high value-added products that could be produced from lignin in the case of the lignin precipitation process, or from ethanol and acetic acid in the case of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process, should also be considered in the selection of the most promising process option.

Analysis and CAD modelling of a new geometric spiroid hob

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
S. Bodzás ◽  
I. Dudás
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Axial Section ◽  
Cad Modelling ◽  
Definition Of

The objectives of this publication are the analysis of surfaces and edges of a new geometric spiroid hob with arched profile in axial section and the definition of their equations for computer modelling. On the basis of this we will work out the CAD model of hob for our further geometric calculations.

Modelling Lunar Extremes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fisher ◽  
Lionel Sims
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Landscape Context ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon

Claims first made over half a century ago that certain prehistoric monuments utilised high-precision alignments on the horizon risings and settings of the Sun and the Moon have recently resurfaced. While archaeoastronomy early on retreated from these claims, as a way to preserve the discipline in an academic boundary dispute, it did so without a rigorous examination of Thom’s concept of a “lunar standstill”. Gough’s uncritical resurrection of Thom’s usage of the term provides a long-overdue opportunity for the discipline to correct this slippage. Gough (2013), in keeping with Thom (1971), claims that certain standing stones and short stone rows point to distant horizon features which allow high-precision alignments on the risings and settings of the Sun and the Moon dating from about 1700 BC. To assist archaeoastronomy in breaking out of its interpretive rut and from “going round in circles” (Ruggles 2011), this paper evaluates the validity of this claim. Through computer modelling, the celestial mechanics of horizon alignments are here explored in their landscape context with a view to testing the very possibility of high-precision alignments to the lunar extremes. It is found that, due to the motion of the Moon on the horizon, only low-precision alignments are feasible, which would seem to indicate that the properties of lunar standstills could not have included high-precision markers for prehistoric megalith builders.

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