scholarly journals Changement climatique dans le bassin versant de l'Ogooué : évolution récente et impact sur les écoulements

Author(s):  
Valentin Brice Ebodé ◽  
Gil Mahé ◽  
Ernest Amoussou

Abstract. L'objectif de cet article est de faire une évaluation des tendances récentes des grandeurs hydroclimatiques dans le bassin de l'Ogooué en contexte de changement climatique. Pour cela, les données de pluies et de débits de ce bassin ont été analysées au moyen du test de Pettitt. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent une diminution statistiquement significative des modules annuels que le test de Pettitt situe en 1972–1973, mais rien de tel pour les pluies à ce même pas de temps. Les écarts des moyennes décennales à la moyenne interannuelle montrent cependant des liens plus nets entre ces variables, se traduisant essentiellement par une diminution synchrone au cours des décennies 1970 et 1980. Cette diminution est suivie d'une reprise au cours des deux décennies d'après (1990 et 2000), laquelle s'estompe à nouveau au cours de la décennie 2010. Les écoulements des saisons pluvieuses (printemps et automne) ont enregistré les modifications les plus importantes, suite aux variations des régimes pluviométriques des saisons sèches (hiver et été) qui les précèdent. La saison sèche d'hiver a connu entre les décennies 1970–1990 une diminution importante des précipitations qui a provoquée une chute des écoulements du printemps. Le rehaussement et la flexion respectivement notés au cours des décennies 2000 et 2010 s'accompagnent des mêmes tendances dans les écoulements du printemps. A l'inverse, entre les décennies 1980–1990, il a été noté une hausse conjointe des pluies d'été et des écoulements d'automne. La flexion des pluies d'été notée depuis la décennie 2000 est également perceptible dans les écoulements d'automne. Ces résultats pourraient servir à renforcer les capacités de gestion des ressources en eau dans le bassin versant concerné et dans la région. Ils apportent également de nouveaux éléments pour étudier et comprendre la variation saisonnière et la disponibilité de l'eau douce en aval, dans les estuaires et les zones côtières des rivières régionales. The objective of this article is to assess recent trends of hydroclimatic quantities in Ogooue basin in the context of climate change. For this, the rainfall and discharges data of this basin were analyzed using the Pettitt test. The results of this study reveal a statistically significant decrease in runoff that the Pettitt test situates in 1972–1973, but nothing like that for rainfall at this same time scale. The decadal deviations from the interannual average, however show links between these variables essentially marked by a synchronous decrease in the 1970s and 1980s. This decrease is followed by a recovery in the two decades following (1990 and 2000), which stops again during the 2010s. The flow of the rainy seasons (Spring and Autumn) recorded the most important modifications, following variations in the rainfall regimes of the dry seasons (Winter and Summer) which precede them. The dry Winter season experienced a significant decrease in precipitation between the 1970s and 1990s, which caused a decrease in Spring flows. The increase and flexion noted respectively during the 2000 and 2010 decades are accompanied by the same trends in Spring flows. Conversely, between the 1980s and the 1990s, there was a joint increase in Summer rainfall and Autumn flows. The decrease of Summer rainfall noted since the 2000s is also noticeable in the Autumn flows. These results could be used to strengthen water resources management capacities in the watershed concerned and the region. They also provide new insights to study and understand seasonal variation and availability of freshwater downstream, in estuaries and coastal areas of regional rivers.

Author(s):  
Louise Leroux ◽  
Johan Oszwald ◽  
Benjamin Ngounou Ngatcha ◽  
David Sebag ◽  
Marie-Josée Penven ◽  
...  

Depuis les trente dernières années, de nombreuses études scientifiques s'intéressent aux dynamiques hydrologiques relevées dans le bassin versant du lac Tchad. En effet, ce bassin versant a été, et est encore, une zone emblématique des impacts du changement climatique sur la ressource en eau en région sub-saharienne. la gestion de cette ressource est d'autant plus complexe que ce bassin versant se partage entre le Tchad, le Niger, le Nigéria et le Cameroun. Ce dernier, bien que important pour le fonctionnement hydrique du lac Tchad, est encore trop peu étudié par la communautéscientifique. Nous nous proposons donc de travailler sur le bassin versant du Mayo-Tsanaga, situé au Nord Cameroun et connecté au fleuve Logone, affluent du fleuve Chari et principal contributeur au bilan hydrique du lac Tchad. Quelqueschercheurs de l'ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer) ont déjà travaillé sur ce bassin versant dans les années 1970, mais très peu de travaux ont été mis en place ces vingt-cinq dernières années sur celui-ci. de ce fait, il est primordial aujourd'hui, afin de pouvoir relancer une étude du bassin versant du Mayo-Tsanaga par instrumentation, de remettre à jour nos connaissances géomorphologiques, hydrographiques et d'occupation du sol. Pour ce faire, nous avons recours à des données récentes et plus précises (MNT Aster, images satellites landsat TM et etM+) afin de suivre les dynamiques Hommes / milieux ayant cours depuis les 25 dernières années. Ce travail montre une mutation et une organisation complexe des pratiques, en relation notamment avec la géomorphologie et la pédologie dubassin versant du Mayo-Tsanaga.


2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn C. Sweet ◽  
Jodie S. Holt

Southern California grasslands have largely been type-converted to dominance by exotic annual grasses, leading to displacement of many native grass and forb species. Crimson fountaingrass, Pennisetum setaceum, an exotic perennial C4 species and a relatively new invader to California, is expanding to areas currently occupied by purple needlegrass, Stipa pulchra, a C3 native. We predicted that fountaingrass seedlings might withstand cool season competition in California's Mediterranean-type climate and establish in Stipa pulchra grasslands due to less competition during the warm, dry summer season, and that interactions might be influenced by density. A field experiment was conducted to examine competitive interactions of the two species from the cool winter season to the warm summer season. As predicted, Stipa produced greater aboveground biomass in the cool season and showed strong intraspecific competition, as well as interspecific suppression of Pennisetum growth, whereas Pennisetum showed no suppression of Stipa. In the warm season, Stipa showed relatively less suppression of Pennisetum, erasing significant differences, and Pennisetum showed increased growth. Results of this study show that C3Stipa can suppress initial growth of C4Pennisetum in the cool season, but in warmer months, Pennisetum can overcome this initial suppression at both low and high densities, even within a Mediterranean-type climate with little to no summer rainfall. Thus, in southern California, temporal niche partitioning due to photosynthetic pathway in these two species can allow Pennisetum invasion. Given the similarity in life history and growth form of Stipa and Pennisetum, few options exist for controlling Pennisetum in habitats where Stipa occurs. In these cases, restoration plantings of desirable species are essential in order to reestablish competitive vegetation that will be more resistant to invasion.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radouan Mehdaoui ◽  
El-Mostafa Mili ◽  
Aziz Seghir

This paper analyzes the spatial and temporal variability of drought in winter season in an arid geographical gradient located in the eastern edge part of the Moroccan High Atlas especially at the Ziz watershed. Drought period between 1975 and 2013 were analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) over 12 months for a 38-year scale. The results indicate that the most important drought by intensity and duration occurred during the 1982/84, 1983/84, 2000/01, and 2004/05 periods are generalized on all stations of the basin with a minimum SPI reached -2.77 at the Taous station. The results indicate that drought in winter have been tied to the dominance of dry circulation with the exception of the frequency of thermodynamic and north-eastern disturbances which are considered unstable aerological conditions. Which occur frequently between February and April of each year for the Errachidia station, Hassan Adakhil Dam, Foum Zaabal, Tillicht, M'Zizl, Arfoud and Taouz.


2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-724
Author(s):  
Garth Greskiw ◽  
John L Innes

Natural resources planners—especially those involved in forest management—are increasingly being challenged in their ability to “think on their feet” and speak interactively in cross-cultural co-management teams addressing issues of natural resources management. Team learning occurs in the discovery of the best conversations to initiate that will have the potential to discover the relevant questions to ask. Continuous identification and systematic resolution of strategic issues is best done by carefully respecting both oral and written means of communication. This paper reviews historic and recent trends in the re-discovery of a team learning process that honours spoken words and respectfully facilitates dialogue. Balancing orality and literacy in the context of adaptive co-management with communities will enable natural resource stakeholders to continually improve the relevance of their policy, research and management. Key words: oral tradition, natural resources management, adaptive co-management, problem-based learning


Author(s):  
Omer Zephir De Lasme ◽  
Avy Stephane Koffi ◽  
Dodo Guy Gnali Cedric

Study of climate variability gets great importance for integrated water resources management. This work examines impact of climate variability on the evolution of water resources in the Bandama sub-watershed at Sinematiali with a view of better management. The time series of rainfall and discharge were used as a database for this purpose. Known calculation hydrologic methods of Nicholson, Maillet as well as the statistical test for breaking detection (Pettitt test) were applied. The effective rain and recharge were estimated by using the ESPERE software models over the period 1980 to 1987. Climate variability is characterized by alternative season of wet, normal, and dry periods, and a pluviometry break occurred in 1984 year. The annual effective rain was assessed from 30 to 570 mm while recharge of aquifers estimated between 2 and 333 mm. This work constitutes a fundamental base for modeling water resources management at Sinematiali.


2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 4584-4599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghui Lei ◽  
Brian Hoskins ◽  
Julia Slingo

Summer rainfall over China has experienced substantial variability on longer time scales during the last century, and the question remains whether this is due to natural, internal variability or is part of the emerging signal of anthropogenic climate change. Using the best available observations over China, the decadal variability and recent trends in summer rainfall are investigated with the emphasis on changes in the seasonal evolution and on the temporal characteristics of daily rainfall. The possible relationships with global warming are reassessed. Substantial decadal variability in summer rainfall has been confirmed during the period 1958–2008; this is not unique to this period but is also seen in the earlier decades of the twentieth century. Two dominant patterns of decadal variability have been identified that contribute substantially to the recent trend of southern flooding and northern drought. Natural decadal variability appears to dominate in general but in the cases of rainfall intensity and the frequency of rainfall days, particularly light rain days, then the dominant EOFs have a rather different character, being of one sign over most of China, and having principal components (PCs) that appear more trendlike. The increasing intensity of rainfall throughout China and the decrease in light rainfall days, particularly in the north, could at least partially be of anthropogenic origin, both global and regional, linked to increased greenhouse gases and increased aerosols.


2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Hallouz ◽  
Mohamed Meddi ◽  
Gil Mahe ◽  
Hafsa Karahacane ◽  
Salah Eddine Ali Rahmani

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