scholarly journals Developing a radiation field-based monitoring system for the transport and storage cask inventory during extended interim storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Mira Stephan ◽  
Sebastian Reinicke ◽  
Alexander Kratzsch ◽  
Michael Wagner ◽  
Sebastian Kobelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Neutron Measurement ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. High-level radioactive waste must be stored safely for a very long time but a suitable site for long-term storage is yet to be found. Additionally, in Germany the licence for transport and storage of casks is limited to 40 years, beginning at the time of emplacement and begins to expire for the first containers in the 2030s. To resolve the conflict between not having a final repository in time and the licence expiring, the licence must be extended while ensuring uninterrupted safe storage and safe transport. The DCS-Monitor II research project supports this process by investigating approaches to noninvasive, radiation field-based diagnostics that enable the observation of potential geometric changes of the cask inventory. Previous feasibility studies in the predecessor project DCS-Monitor I showed that cask monitoring using gamma radiation, neutron fields and cosmic muons is promising. In the ongoing research project presented here, the investigations on the qualification of radiation field-based diagnostics are extended via simulations. For muon imaging, a suitable procedure which solves the inverse problem to monitor the cask inventory is implemented. In addition, a partially automated gamma and neutron measurement system is being constructed and a muon detector is being developed and built. Both systems will be tested in field studies on large scale geometries and real containers.

scholarly journals Grammaticalization and the linguistic individual: new avenues in lifespan research

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Anthonissen ◽  
Peter Petré
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Grammatical Change ◽  
Adult Cognition

AbstractThis paper reviews theoretical and methodological advances and issues in lifespan research and discusses how the issues at stake are addressed in an ongoing research project. Summarizing the state of the art, we conclude that next to nothing is known about lifespan changes affecting syntactic or grammaticalizing constructions that goes beyond exploratory or anecdotal evidence. The Mind-Bending Grammars project, which examines the adaptive powers of adult cognition and constraints on these powers, aspires to make headway in this area. In this paper, we introduce some of the major goals of the project and present a new large-scale longitudinal corpus of 50 adults that was established to study grammatical change across the lifespan. Particular attention is paid to the constraints on the adoption of novel grammatical patterns in the aging mind. Taking be going to as a case study, we present evidence that (highly educated) healthy monolingual speakers continue to participate in grammatical innovations across the lifespan.

scholarly journals μDFL: A Secure Microchained Decentralized Federated Learning Fabric atop IoT Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghua Xu ◽  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Byzantine Fault Tolerance ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
High Level ◽  
Collaborative Training ◽  
And Storage

<div>Federated Learning (FL) has been recognized as a privacy-preserving machine learning (ML) technology that enables collaborative training and learning of a global ML model based on the aggregation of distributed local model updates. However, security and privacy guarantees could be compromised due to malicious participants and the centralized aggregation manner. Possessing attractive features like decentralization, immutability and auditability, Blockchain is promising to enable a tamper-proof and trust-free framework to enhance performance and security in IoT based FL systems. However, directly integrating blockchains into the large scale IoT-based FL scenarios still faces many limitations, such as high computation and storage demands, low transactions throughput, poor scalability and challenges in privacy preservation. This paper proposes uDFL, a novel hierarchical IoT network fabric for decentralized federated learning (DFL) atop of a lightweight blockchain called microchain. Following the hierarchical infrastructure of FL, participants in uDFL are fragmented into multiple small scale microchains. Each microchain network relies on a hybrid Proof of Credit (PoC) block generation and Voting-based Chain Finality (VCF) consensus protocol to ensure efficiency and privacy-preservation at the network of edge. Meanwhile, microchains are federated vie a high-level inter-chain network, which adopts an efficient Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus protocol to achieve scalability and security.</div><div>A proof-of-concept prototype is implemented, and the experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed uDFL solution in cross-devices FL settings with efficiency, security and privacy guarantees.</div>

Application of the ASME Code to Radioactive Material Packaging/Cask: Lessons Learned From the 2014 DOE Training Course

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenghu Han ◽  
Ralph Fabian ◽  
Ron Pope ◽  
Yung Liu ◽  
James Shuler
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Packaging Certification Program (PCP), Office of Packaging and Transportation, Office of Environmental Management, has sponsored a suite of training courses that are conducted annually by Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) in support of safety and security of nuclear and other radioactive material packages. One of these courses conducted by Argonne since 2000 is the Application of the ASME Code to Radioactive Material Transportation Packaging, which was expanded significantly in 2014 to include dry storage casks, resulting in a change in course title to the Application of the ASME Code to Radioactive Material Packaging/Cask. The purpose of the course is to provide guidance for the application of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Code (“ASME Code”) to transportation packaging and storage cask of radioactive materials, including used (or spent) nuclear fuel and high-level waste, and to facilitate the design, fabrication, examination, and testing of packagings and casks. Both regulatory requirements in 10 CFR Parts 71 and 72 and the ASME Code requirements for transportation and storage containments are addressed, with emphasis on the Code Section III, Division 3, “Containments for Transportation and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level Radioactive Material and Waste.” Among the specific topics covered are the application of the ASME Code requirements to structural materials, containments, loading and design; the design of containment internal support structures and buckling analysis; fabrication, welding, examination, and test requirements; quality assurance; physical testing, structural and thermal modeling and analysis considerations; and containment, shielding, and criticality analysis considerations. Special topics covered include non-Code materials, hydrogen gas generation, and aging management for extended long-term storage of used fuel and subsequent transportation. The expanded training course was offered in June 2014 at Argonne with 27 participants representing mainly industry and government agencies. On the basis of the feedback and course evaluation by the participants, the course may be expanded from 3 to 4.5 days in the future to allow more time for in-class discussion and exercises, as well as to include additional topics related to aging management for extended long-term storage of used fuel and its post-storage transportation. The course provides insight into the DOE and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) transportation and storage cask certification processes. The target audience is DOE, DOE contractors, other agency personnel, and commercial transportation packaging and storage cask engineering employees. Those responsible for designing, fabricating, testing, or packaging and casks, as well as preparing or reviewing the associated Safety Analysis Reports, will also benefit from the course.

scholarly journals Depiction of Line Features on Folded Maps on Example of Old Maps of the Vltava River

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Tomas Janata ◽  
Jiri Krejci
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Narrow Part ◽  
Old Maps ◽  
Line Features ◽  
Czech Lands

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Under an ongoing research project being concerned with the Vltava river in Czech Republic, it is being dealt with various aspects of the riverine landscape, considering the significant changes that have taken place in its history and also the fact that the Vltava represents the most important and longest Czech river. This paper aims to introduce a narrow part of the ongoing research – selected old multi-sheet map works connected with the river and outline the process of utilizing similar cartographic works within greater projects processing geospatial data. These maps represent predecessors of general (‘military’) surveys of the whole Czech Lands and pose a great representative of hand-written large-scale maps created without any known geometric network and may be appropriately compared with the First Military Survey maps also lacking geometric network but bringing a great amount of topographic content.</p>

scholarly journals μDFL: A Secure Microchained Decentralized Federated Learning Fabric atop IoT Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghua Xu ◽  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Byzantine Fault Tolerance ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
High Level ◽  
Collaborative Training ◽  
And Storage

<div>Federated Learning (FL) has been recognized as a privacy-preserving machine learning (ML) technology that enables collaborative training and learning of a global ML model based on the aggregation of distributed local model updates. However, security and privacy guarantees could be compromised due to malicious participants and the centralized aggregation manner. Possessing attractive features like decentralization, immutability and auditability, Blockchain is promising to enable a tamper-proof and trust-free framework to enhance performance and security in IoT based FL systems. However, directly integrating blockchains into the large scale IoT-based FL scenarios still faces many limitations, such as high computation and storage demands, low transactions throughput, poor scalability and challenges in privacy preservation. This paper proposes uDFL, a novel hierarchical IoT network fabric for decentralized federated learning (DFL) atop of a lightweight blockchain called microchain. Following the hierarchical infrastructure of FL, participants in uDFL are fragmented into multiple small scale microchains. Each microchain network relies on a hybrid Proof of Credit (PoC) block generation and Voting-based Chain Finality (VCF) consensus protocol to ensure efficiency and privacy-preservation at the network of edge. Meanwhile, microchains are federated vie a high-level inter-chain network, which adopts an efficient Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus protocol to achieve scalability and security.</div><div>A proof-of-concept prototype is implemented, and the experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed uDFL solution in cross-devices FL settings with efficiency, security and privacy guarantees.</div>

Collaboration, Power, Participation and Control on a Large Scale Research Team: Multiple Perspectives from the Oxford House Research Project

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Olson ◽  
Leonard Jason ◽  
Joseph R. Ferrari ◽  
Leon Venable ◽  
Bertel F. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Oxford House ◽  
And Control

Social inequality in the evolution of human societies

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-120
Author(s):  
Georgi Derluguian
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Transition To Agriculture ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Political Economic

The author develops ideas about the origin of social inequality during the evolution of human societies and reflects on the possibilities of its overcoming. What makes human beings different from other primates is a high level of egalitarianism and altruism, which contributed to more successful adaptability of human collectives at early stages of the development of society. The transition to agriculture, coupled with substantially increasing population density, was marked by the emergence and institutionalisation of social inequality based on the inequality of tangible assets and symbolic wealth. Then, new institutions of warfare came into existence, and they were aimed at conquering and enslaving the neighbours engaged in productive labour. While exercising control over nature, people also established and strengthened their power over other people. Chiefdom as a new type of polity came into being. Elementary forms of power (political, economic and ideological) served as a basis for the formation of early states. The societies in those states were characterised by social inequality and cruelties, including slavery, mass violence and numerous victims. Nowadays, the old elementary forms of power that are inherent in personalistic chiefdom are still functioning along with modern institutions of public and private bureaucracy. This constitutes the key contradiction of our time, which is the juxtaposition of individual despotic power and public infrastructural one. However, society is evolving towards an ever more efficient combination of social initiatives with the sustainability and viability of large-scale organisations.

HOUSEHOLD WATER BALANCE AND ASSESSMENT OF WATER VOLUME FOR IRRIGATION IN AGRO LANDSCAPES OF THE KYZYLSU-YUZHNAYA BASIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
D.KH. DOMULLODZHANOV ◽  
◽  
R. RAHMATILLOEV
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Household Water ◽  
And Storage

The article presents the results of the field studies and observations that carried out on the territory of the hilly, low-mountain and foothill agro landscapes of the Kyzylsu-yuzhnaya (Kyzylsu-Southern) River Basin of Tajikistan. Taking into account the high-altitude location of households and the amount of precipitation in the river basin, the annual volumes of water accumulated with the use of low-cost systems of collection and storage of precipitation have been clarified. The amount of water accumulated in the precipitation collection and storage systems has been established, the volume of water used for communal and domestic needs,the watering of livestock and the amount of water that can be used to irrigate crops in the have been determined. Possible areas of irrigation of household plots depending on the different availability of precipitation have been determined. It has been established that in wet years (with precipitation of about 10%) the amount of water collected using drip irrigation will be sufficient for irrigation of 0.13 hectares, and in dry years (with 90% of precipitation) it will be possible to irrigate only 0.03 ha of the household plot. On the basis of the basin, the total area of irrigation in wet years can be 4497 ha, and in dry years only 1087 ha. Taking into account the forecasts of population growth by 2030 and an increase in the number of households, the total area of irrigation of farmlands in wet years may reach 5703 hectares,and in dry years – 1379 hectares. Growing crops on household plots under irrigation contributes to a significant increase in land productivity and increases the efficiency of water use of the Kyzylsu-yuzhnaya basin.

Information Needs of Microenterprise Owners in Louisiana

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Industrial Sectors

This presentation will report on an ongoing research project about the information needs of microenterprise owners in Louisiana. Microenterprises are those businesses with fewer than five employees or sole proprietorships with no employees. They exist across all industrial sectors and incorporate a wide spectrum of information needs.Cette communication présente un projet de recherche en cours s'intéressant aux besoins informationnels des propriétaires de microentreprises de la Louisiane. Les microentreprises comptent moins de cinq employés, y compris celles à propriétaire unique sans employé, et sont présentes dans tous les secteurs d'activités. Les besoins informationnels varient donc grandement.

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