Choice of a Method for Blocked Intramedullary Osteosynthesis in Tibial Fractures in the Context of Topographic-Anatomical Research

Blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis has become a "gold standard" for the treatment of patients with diaphyseal fractures of the tibia. However, there is still debate about the importance and necessity of reaming the bone marrow cavity when performing intramedullary osteosynthesis.The aim is to study the individual features of the structure of the medullary cavity of the tibia in relation to intramedullary osteosynthesis, as well as to evaluate the effect of blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis with preliminary reaming and without reaming of the bone marrow cavity on the vascular supply of the tibia.Material and methods. Using morphometric and radiological methods, an experimental topographical and anatomical study was carried out on 26 dry preparations and histotopograms-plates of tibial bone cuts, as well as on 10 lower limbs of corpses with X-ray contrast injection of arterial vessels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's parametric test and the nonparametric MannWhitney test.Results. Particular attention was paid to the detailed study of the main parameters of the tibial bone marrow cavity that are important for the technology of blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis (size, shape and curves of the bone marrow cavity, architectonics of its narrow part, density and distribution of spongy matter in it, topography of the a. nutricia tibialis channel and distribution of its branches). To assess the invasiveness of osteosynthesis on 10 anatomical objects with preliminary injection of vessels of the lower extremity with X-ray contrast mass, blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis of the tibia with and without reaming of the bone marrow cavity was modeled.Conclusion. It was concluded that any variant of intramedullary rod insertion is accompanied by damage to a. nutricia tibialis in a narrow part of the bone marrow cavity, and reaming of the bone marrow cavity has certain advantages in view of the pronounced individual differences in the structure of the tibia.

Depiction of Line Features on Folded Maps on Example of Old Maps of the Vltava River

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Under an ongoing research project being concerned with the Vltava river in Czech Republic, it is being dealt with various aspects of the riverine landscape, considering the significant changes that have taken place in its history and also the fact that the Vltava represents the most important and longest Czech river. This paper aims to introduce a narrow part of the ongoing research – selected old multi-sheet map works connected with the river and outline the process of utilizing similar cartographic works within greater projects processing geospatial data. These maps represent predecessors of general (‘military’) surveys of the whole Czech Lands and pose a great representative of hand-written large-scale maps created without any known geometric network and may be appropriately compared with the First Military Survey maps also lacking geometric network but bringing a great amount of topographic content.</p>

Study on progress threads placement and dedicated cores for overlapping MPI nonblocking collectives on manycore processor

To amortize the cost of MPI collective operations, nonblocking collectives have been proposed so as to allow communications to be overlapped with computation. Unfortunately, collective communications are more CPU-hungry than point-to-point communications and running them in a communication thread on a dedicated CPU core makes them slow. On the other hand, running collective communications on the application cores leads to no overlap. In this article, we propose placement algorithms for progress threads that do not degrade performance when running on cores dedicated to communications to get communication/computation overlap. We first show that even simple collective operations, such as those based on a chain topology, are not straightforward to make progress in background on a dedicated core. Then, we propose an algorithm for tree-based collective operations that splits the tree between communication cores and application cores. To get the best of both worlds, the algorithm runs the short but heavy part of the tree on application cores, and the long but narrow part of the tree on one or several communication cores, so as to get a trade-off between overlap and absolute performance. We provide a model to study and predict its behavior and to tune its parameters. We implemented both algorithms in the multiprocessor computing framework, which is a thread-based MPI implementation. We have run benchmarks on manycore processors such as the KNL and Skylake and get good results for both performance and overlap.

Theoretical Study of Electronic Band Structure of Dumbbell-Shape Graphene Nanoribbons for Highly-Sensitive Strain Sensors

The authors have proposed the formation of dumbbell-shape graphene nanoribbon (GNR) for developing various semi-conductive materials with metallic electrode at both ends. The novel dumbbell-shape structure, which has a center narrow part and wide parts to sandwich the narrow part, can be considered as a composite structure consisting of two single GNRs with different ribbon width. In this study, the electronic band structure of this dumbbell-shape GNR was analyzed by using the first principle calculation method. All the first-principles calculations were performed using DFT. Throughout these calculations, the electronic band structures, densities of states, and orbital distributions of the new dumbbell-shape structure GNR were examined to describe the electronic properties of dumbbell-shape GNRs and predict the performance of strain sensors. The band gap of dumbbell-shape GNRs is different to that of single GNRs. The magnitude of the band gap of the dumbbell-shape GNR depends on the combination of the single GNRs and the difference in the width of narrow part and wide parts. The main change to the band gap is attributed to a change in the orbital distributions of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO). In addition, when a dumbbell-shape GNR undergoes a uniaxial tensile strain, its band gap showed high strain sensitivity as was expected. Therefore, the GNR material with a dumbbell-shape structure has great potential for use in highly sensitive strain sensors.

Filling the Gap: Infrastructure Investment in Brazil

Infrastructure bottlenecks have been identified as a key obstacle to growth affecting productivity and market efficiency, and hindering domestic integration and export performance. This paper assesses the state of Brazil’s infrastructure, in light of past investment trends and various quality and quantity indicators. Brazil’s infrastructure stock and its quality rank low in relation to that of comparator countries, chosen amongst main export competitors. We provide evidence that infrastructure affects domestic integration by analyzing price convergence of tradable goods across major cities. The government’s concession program will narrow part of the infrastructure gap, however, governance reforms will be crucial to improving investment efficiency.

Quaternary of the Bengal Coast

The second chapter is about the Quaternary of the east coast in India in general and the Bengal coast in particular. This discussion on the Quaternary is crucial in the context of the evolution of settlements not only along the coastal line but also its immediate hinterland areas. It is well known that the Orissa–Bengal coastline is formed over a deep tectonic trough underlain at a great depth by the older rocks of the continental crust. Here, an attempt has been made to explain the processes responsible for shaping this narrow part of the coastline and how they are different from those along the other part/parts of the east coast. A major section of this chapter is devoted to how the Quaternary processes related to the Bhagirathi–Hooghly/Gangetic delta formation have influenced the development of the present-day serrated coastline of the Bengal Basin.

Where’s the Middle? Constitutional Aspirations, Biased Institutions, and the Disappearing Middle Class

What does the Constitution say to the grim spectacle of an emerging oligarchy? Tracing the existence and then decline of “democracy of opportunity” and “inclusion” traditions, Joseph Fishkin and William Forbath articulate a constitutional vocabulary for identifying the economic and attendant political oppressions unmistakable in the nation today. Their call for an equal opportunity constitutional politics challenges some entrenched ideas about what counts as “the constitutional,” and I want to engage some challenges they are likely to receive. Their ambitions are scholarly and political. From a scholarly point of view, they want to bring attention to an important discursive tradition. Politically, they expect that equal opportunity outcomes are more likely if political adherents don’t unilaterally disarm from constitutional argumentation. My criticism touches both aspects. From a scholarly point of view, grappling with the structural features that mobilize multiple constitutional discourses challenges hope about the Constitution’s ability to deliver a politics that truly resists oligarchy. Politically, I maintain that the struggle is still worth all we’ve got, but the deck is stacked, and mobilizing alternative constitutional discourses on its own addresses a relatively narrow part of the problem. Resisting wealth domination calls for transformative, not just interpretive, consciousness.

Peristaltic Transport of a Hyperbolic Tangent Fluid Model in an Asymmetric Channel

In the present analysis, we have modeled the governing equations of a two dimensional hyperbolic tangent fluid model. Using the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number, the governing equations of hyperbolic tangent fluid for an asymmetric channel have been solved using the regular perturbation method. The expression for pressure rise has been calculated using numerical integrations. At the end, various physical parameters have been shown pictorially. It is found that the narrow part of the channel requires a large pressure gradient, also in the narrow part the pressure gradient decreases with the increase in Weissenberg number We and channel width d.