scholarly journals Satellite ice extent, sea surface temperature, and atmospheric methane trends in the Barents and Kara Seas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Leifer ◽  
F. Robert Chen ◽  
Thomas McClimans ◽  
Frank Muller Karger ◽  
Leonid Yurganov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The South ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Barents And Kara Seas

Abstract. Over a decade (2003–2015) of satellite data of sea-ice extent, sea surface temperature (SST), and methane (CH4) concentrations in lower troposphere over 10 focus areas within the Barents and Kara Seas (BKS) were analyzed for anomalies and trends relative to the Barents Sea. Large positive CH4 anomalies were discovered around Franz Josef Land (FJL) and offshore west Novaya Zemlya in early fall. Far smaller CH4 enhancement was found around Svalbard, downstream and north of known seabed seepage. SST increased in all focus areas at rates from 0.0018 to 0.15 °C yr−1, CH4 growth spanned 3.06 to 3.49 ppb yr−1. The strongest SST increase was observed each year in the southeast Barents Sea in June due to strengthening of the warm Murman Current (MC), and in the south Kara Sea in September. The southeast Barents Sea, the south Kara Sea and coastal areas around FJL exhibited the strongest CH4 growth over the observation period. Likely sources are CH4 seepage from subsea permafrost and hydrate thawing and the petroleum reservoirs underlying the central and east Barents Sea and the Kara Sea. The spatial pattern was poorly related to seabed depth. However, the increase in CH4 emissions over time may be explained by a process of shoaling of strengthening warm ocean currents that would also advect the CH4 to areas where seasonal deepening of the surface ocean mixed layer depth leads to ventilation of these water masses. Continued strengthening of the MC will further increase heat transfer to the BKS, with the Barents Sea ice-free in ~ 15 years. We thus expect marine CH4 flux to the atmosphere from this region to continue increasing.

scholarly journals Satellite ice extent, sea surface temperature, and atmospheric methane trends in the Barents and Kara seas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Leifer ◽  
F. Robert Chen ◽  
Thomas McClimans ◽  
Frank Muller Karger ◽  
Leonid Yurganov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
Barents And Kara Seas

Abstract. Long-term (2003–2015) satellite-derived sea-ice extent, sea surface temperature (SST), and lower tropospheric methane (CH4) of the Barents and Kara Seas (BKS) were analyzed for statistically significant anomalies and trends for 10 focus areas and on a pixel basis that were related to currents and bathymetry. Large positive CH4 anomalies were discovered around Franz Josef Land (FJL) and offshore west Novaya Zemlya in September. Far smaller CH4 enhancement was around Svalbard, downstream of known seabed seepage. Strongest SST increase was southeast Barents Sea in June due to strengthening of the warm Murman Current (MC) and in the south Kara Sea in September, when the cold Percey Current weakens. These regions and around FJL exhibit the strongest CH4 growth. Likely sources are CH4 seepage from subsea permafrost and hydrates and the petroleum reservoirs underlying the central and east Barents Sea and the Kara Sea. The spatial pattern was poorly related to depth, and better explained by shoaling. Peak CH4 anomaly is several months after peak SST, consistent with a several month delay between SST and seabed temperature. Continued MC strengthening will increase heat transfer to the BKS, rendering the Barents Sea ice-free in about 15 years.

Climatic trends of sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration in the Barents Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayoumy Mohamed ◽  
Frank Nilsen ◽  
Ragnheid Skogseth
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Ice Concentration

<p>Sea ice loss in the Arctic region is an important indicator for climate change. Especially in the Barents Sea, which is expected to be free of ice by the mid of this century (Onarheim et al., 2018). Here, we analyze 38 years (1982-2019) of daily gridded sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration (SIC) from the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) project. These data sets have been used to investigate the seasonal cycle and linear trends of SST and SIC, and their spatial distribution in the Barents Sea. From the SST seasonal cycle analysis, we have found that most of the years that have temperatures above the climatic mean (1982-2019) were recorded after 2000. This confirms the warm transition that has taken place in the Barents Sea over the last two decades. The year 2016 was the warmest year in both winter and summer during the study period.   </p><p>Results from the linear trend analysis reveal an overall statistically significant warming trend for the whole Barents Sea of about 0.33±0.03 °C/decade, associated with a sea ice reduction rate of about -4.9±0.6 %/decade. However, the SST trend show a high spatial variability over the Barents Sea. The highest SST trend was found over the eastern part of the Barents Sea and south of Svalbard (Storfjordrenna Trough), while the Northern Barents Sea shows less distinct and non-significant trends. The largest negative trend of sea ice was observed between Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. Over the last two decades (2000-2019), the data show an amplified warming trend in the Barents Sea where the SST warming trend has increased dramatically (0.46±0.09 °C/decade) and the SIC is here decreasing with rate of about -6.4±1.5 %/decade.  Considering the current development of SST, if this trend persists, the Barents Sea annual mean SST will rise by around 1.4 °C by the end of 2050, which will have a drastic impact on the loss of sea ice in the Barents Sea.   </p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Sea surface temperature; Sea ice concentration; Trend analysis; Barents Sea</p>

Associations among temperature, sea ice and phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Barents Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Dong ◽  
ØK Kvile ◽  
NC Stenseth ◽  
LC Stige
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Sea Ice Retreat ◽  
Time Substitution

Variations in physical conditions caused by climate change are likely to have large influences on marine organisms, including phytoplankton. Here, we investigated associations between satellite-derived chlorophyll a data from the Barents Sea and 2 key abiotic factors: sea surface temperature and sea-ice concentration. Specifically, we investigated how climate variability, through the measured physical factors, associated with phytoplankton phenology between 1998 and 2014. Associations between sea surface temperature and phytoplankton bloom dynamics differed depending on the area. The spring phytoplankton bloom occurred earlier and had higher magnitude in warm compared to cold years in the northern part of the Barents Sea, but there was no significant association in the southern part. In seasonally ice-covered regions, the association between the timing of the sea-ice retreat and the phytoplankton peak was nonlinear: sea-ice retreat time before mid-May was not associated with bloom timing, whereas the phytoplankton bloom occurred before or immediately following the ice retreat when the ice retreated after mid-May. Although drivers that are relatively constant across years, such as insolation, probably influenced the spatial gradient in chlorophyll, a space-for-time substitution captured the predicted effects of sea-ice retreat on the timing and magnitude of the phytoplankton bloom quite well.

Temperature conditions of development juvenile NEA cod in the Barents sea for 1998-2015 on the basis of satellite data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Vanyushin ◽  
Tatyana Bulatova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Arctic Cod ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
The Barents Sea

<p><strong>Temperature conditions of development juvenile NEA cod in the Barents sea for 1998-2015 on the basis of satellite data</strong></p><p>Vanyushin G. P., Bulatova T. V.</p><p>Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO)</p><p>107140 17, V. Krasnoselskaya str., Moscow</p><p>tel: 8(499)264-01-33, fax: 8(499)264-91-87,</p><p>e-mail: [email protected]</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The paper considers the real temperature conditions in the main spawning area of North-East Arctic cod in the Norwegian sea and the development of its juveniles in the Barents sea in the periods from March to October 1998-2015. Here was taken as a principle the analysis of materials Bank mean weekly maps of sea surface temperature (SST) built on complex process: infrared digital data from metrological satellites of the series "NOAA" and quasisynchronous temperature data "in situ" from ships, buoys and coastal stations. A continuous series of indicators on temperature variability in the surface layer of sea water in coastal zone of the Norwegian sea during spawning periods and later on during the early ontogenesis of juvenile cod in the Barents sea  allowed to establish the dynamics of interannual seasonal temperature trends on a mesoscale period of time (1998-2015). This made it possible to assess the indirect impact of temperature conditions on the prospect of survival and, accordingly, the number of juvenile cod in the first year of its life after spawning – the most important stage in the life cycle of a new generation of cod. The paper presents calculations of monthly and seasonal average values of SST and SST anomalies in the Norwegian and Barents seas, shows the interannual seasonal dynamics of these characteristics. Given for these years, the results of the comparative analysis between: seasonal values of temperature in the water surrounding the Lofoten Islands (March-April – time of the main spawning) and in the water of the Barents sea (May-October - time of the early onthogenesis of juvenile cod) and professional expert estimates the number of yearlings cod. The relationship between these statistical data was positive and about equal to R= + 0,67. Information on the number of generations of cod at different stages of its life cycle was taken from the annual reports of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group ICES.</p><p>Keywords: satellite monitoring, sea surface temperature (SST), the  Northeast Arctic cod, main spawning and habitat waters, yearlings of the cod.</p>

Assessing trends in Arctic sea-ice distribution in the Barents and Kara seas using the Kosmos–Okean satellite series

Polar Record ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (177) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady I. Belchansky ◽  
Ilia N. Mordvintsev ◽  
Gregory K. Ovchinnikov ◽  
David C. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Barents And Kara Seas

AbstractTrends in the annual minimum sea-ice extent, determined by three criteria (absolute annual minimum, minimum monthly mean, and the extent at the end of August), were investigated for the Barents and western Kara seas and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean during 1984–1993. Four definitions of ice extent were examined, based on thresholds of ice concentration: >90%, >70%, >40%, and >10% (El, E2, E3, and E4, respectively). Trends were studied using ice maps produced by the Russian Hydro-Meteorological Service, Kosmos and Okean satellite imagery, and data extracted from published literature. During 1984–1993, an increasing trend in the extent of minimum sea-ice cover was observed in the Barents, Kara, and combined Barents–Kara seas, for all ice-extent definitions. Root-mean-square differences between hydro-meteorological ice maps and satellite-image ice classifications for coincident areas and dates were 15.5%, 19.3%, 18.8%, and 11.5%, for ice extensions El–E4, respectively. The differences were subjected to Monte Carlo analyses to construct confidence intervals for the 10-year ice-map trends. With probability p = 0.8, the average 10-year increase in the minimum monthly mean sea-ice extent (followed in brackets by the average increase in the absolute annual minimum ice extent) was 12–46% [26–96%], 31–71% [55–140%], 30–69% [26–94%], and 48–94% [35–108%] in the Barents Sea; 20–60% [32–120%], 10–45% [20–92%], 2–36% [13–78%], and 10–47% [8–69%] in the Kara Sea; and 9–43% [26–59%], 9–41% [30–63%], 8–41% [22–52%] and 15–51% [21–51%] in the combined Barents–Kara seas, for ice concentrations El–E4, respectively. Including published data from 1966–1983, the trend in minimum monthly mean sea-ice extent for the combined 28-year period showed an average reduction of 8% in the Barents Sea and a 55% reduction in the western Kara Sea; ice extent at the end of August showed an average reduction of 33% in the Barents Sea.

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