scholarly journals PD-L1 in Breast Cancers and its Prognostic Significance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Sayher Kazmi ◽  
Sumayyah Shawana ◽  
Nighat Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Treat Breast Cancer ◽  
Common Malignancy

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females globally. Various factors are responsible for its development which include both genetic and hormonal causes. An important discovery is the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the development of cancers. The PD-1-/PD-L1 pathway plays a part in allowing tumour cells escape from the hosts immune response and hence permits the proliferation of tumour cells. PD-L1 expression has been observed in various breast cancers at distinct levels such as in tissues and in blood. Different methods have been utilized for its detection including immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing and ELISA, amongst others. The results have been conflicting regarding the expression of PD-L1 and the prognosis of breast cancer based on parameters such as overall survival and disease free survival. Different immunotherapies have also emerged as a new modality to treat breast cancer. This review intends to explore the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in breast cancers.

scholarly journals Expression of Bcl-2 in Breast Cancer: Correlation with Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Čečka ◽  
Helena Hornychová ◽  
Bohuslav Melichar ◽  
Aleš Ryška ◽  
Pavel Jandík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Common Malignancy

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. It is an immensely heterogeneous disease, characterised by a broad variety of clinical development. The research in recent years has focused on finding new markers of prognosis. This study investigates the role of expression of the bcl-2 protein in breast cancer. We analysed bcl-2 expression in 57 women with primary breast carcinoma who were treated with neoadjuvant (primary) chemotherapy, followed by a surgical procedure. The bcl-2 expression was correlated with other clinicopathological characteristics of the tumour – histological grade, stage, expression of hormonal receptors, proliferation rate, and with the survival of the patients. No significant association of bcl-2 expression with either overall survival or disease free survival was found.

Is It The Time That We Can Depend on Bioscore as a New Staging System in Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer to Predict the Disease-Free Survival?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehab Farouk Mohamed ◽  
Donia Hussein Abd El Hameed ◽  
Mohamed Alaa Eldeen Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Her2 Status ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract Purpose: Novel molecular characterization of breast cancer with cellular markers has allowed a new classification that offers prognostic value. This study investigates the prognostic value of the Bioscore among non-metastatic breast cancer patients with respect to disease free survival (DFS).Methods: This study included 317 patients with non-metastatic surgically treated breast cancer; they were identified in the period from January 2015 to December 2018 at Clinical Oncology Department of Assiut University Hospital. Many variables were used; pathologic stage (PS), T stage (T), nodal stage (N), grade (G), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) status. Univariate & two multivariate analyses were performed to identify which of these variables are associated with disease-free survival (DFS). Results: The only significant factors in the Univariate analysis were PS3, T2, T3, T4, N3, G2, G3, ER -ve, PR -ve, and HER2 –ve. The factors which were significant in the first multivariate analysis; PS3, G3, ER –ve, and in the second one were; T2, T4, N3, G3, and ER –ve. Two sets of models were built to determine the utility of combining variables. Models incorporating G and E status had the highest C-index (0.72) for T+N + G + ER in comparison with (0.69) for (PS+ G + ER) and the lowest AIC (953.01) for T + N + G + E and (966.9) for PS + G + E. Conclusions: This study confirms the prognostic significance of bioscore in non-metastatic breast cancer in concerning DFS.

scholarly journals Weight changes during chemotherapy for breast cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano José Megale Costa ◽  
Paulo César Spotti Varella ◽  
Auro del Giglio
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free

CONTEXT: Patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer have a tendency to gain weight. This tendency has determining factors not completely defined and an unknown prognostic impact. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate weight change during chemotherapy for breast cancer in a defined population and to identify its predisposing factors and possible prognostic significance. DESIGN: Observational, retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Private clinical oncology service. PARTICIPANTS: 106 consecutive patients with breast cancer treated between June 1994 and April 2000, who received neoadjuvant (n = 8), adjuvant (n = 74) or palliative (n = 24) chemotherapy. INTERVETION: Review of medical records and gathering of clinical information, including patients’ body weights before treatment and at follow-up reviews. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Body weight change, expressed as percentage of body weight per month in treatment; role of clinical data in weight change; and influence of weight change in overall survival and disease-free survival. RESULTS: There was a mean increase of 0.50 ± 1.42% (p = 0.21) of body weight per month of treatment. We noted a negative correlation between metastatic disease and weight gain (r = -0.447, p < 0.0001). In the adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy groups there was a mean weight gain of 0.91 ± 1.19 % (p < 0.00001) per month, whereas in the metastatic (palliative) group, we observed a mean loss of 0.52 ± 1.21% (p = 0.11) of body weight per month during the treatment. We did not observe any statistically significant correlation between weight changes and disease-free survival or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy gain weight, whereas metastatic cancer patients will probably lose weight during palliative chemotherapy. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of weight changes during chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Role of GATA3 exon 6 germline mutations in breast cancer progression in Egyptian female patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 153537022095861
Author(s):  
Iman H Ibrahim ◽  
Heba G Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Fatema EM Hassan ◽  
Hesham SA El-Sameea
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Breast Cancer Progression ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Gata3 Protein

Several mutations act as driver mutations in breast cancer, including GATA3 mutations. Reports of the relation between GATA3 mutations and breast cancer prognosis remain conflicting. Also, the role of GATA3 germline mutations is not well studied. We hypothesize that different mutation types could have different effects. Also, this study aims to assess effect of GATA3 mutations on GATA3 protein function as a transcription factor, and target pathways affected. DNA from de novo breast cancer female patients was sequenced to detect exon 6 GATA3 mutation. Sequence analysis was performed along with clinical and prognostic parameters and disease-free survival. Public datasets were analyzed for differentially expressed genes and pathways with mutant GATA3 patients. Mutations in GATA3 exon 6 were detected in 56.1% of patients (including 2 novel, Lys368fs, Pro354Lys). Intronic mutations were significantly higher in long disease-free survival group, while frameshift mutations were significantly higher in short DFS group. Patients with tumor size ≥20 had significantly higher protein coding and lower intronic mutations compared to patients with tumor size <20 mm. Differential expression and pathway analysis showed that mutant GATA3 had lost its negative regulatory effect on several pathways such as: signaling by interleukins, regulation of TP53 expression, and RUNX3 regulated CDKN1A transcription pathway. PIK3CA, SKP1, FBP1, SMAD3, ANXA9 and CLSTN2 were positively correlated to wild-type GATA3 expression, but not mutant GATA3. Intronic germline mutations of GATA3 could be related to better prognosis, while protein coding GATA3 germline mutations could be related to unfavorable prognosis. GATA3 mutations lead to dysregulation of pathways related to immunity, breast cancer development, and metabolism. Impact statement GATA3 mutations are known to play an important role in breast cancer progression. The exact role and mechanisms of these mutations remain controversial as some studies suggest a relation to breast tumor growth, while others suggest a relation to longer survival. GATA3 germline mutations are not well studied in breast cancer. In this study, it was hypothesized that different types of GATA3 mutations could contribute to the breast cancer progression in different ways. GATA3 exon 6, which is important for GATA3 protein functions, was reported to have hotspots, and hence it was selected for study. Intronic GATA3 germline mutations were found to be related to favorable prognosis, while protein coding mutations were found to be related to unfavorable prognosis. Bioinformatics study of large publically available datasets showed that GATA3 mutations lead to dysregulation of pathways related to T-cells activation, inflammation, and breast cancer development.

Prognostic Role of Estrogen Receptor Determination in Breast Cancer

1983 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ciatto ◽  
Patrizia Bravetti ◽  
Gaetano Cardona ◽  
Luigi Cataliotti ◽  
Roberto Crescioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Actuarial Method

The authors report on 283 primary, non-metastatic, breast cancer cases consecutively referred after surgery and followed-up from a minimum of 10 months to a maximum of 3.5 years. All cases were studied according to the presence of estrogen receptors (ER). ER presence was correlated with age and menstrual status, with ER+ cases more frequent in older patients. No correlation was found between ER and nodal status. Prognosis was evaluated in terms of disease-free survival at 2 years (actuarial method). No correlation between ER and survival was evident for N– cases, whereas a better prognosis was recorded for ER+N+ patients compared to ER-N+, although the difference was not statistically significant. The observed results are compared with recent literature data and agree with other recent reports, which did not confirm the previously undiscussed statement regarding the prognostic role of ER determination. According to these studies and to the present study, the prognostic role of ER determination seems at least questionable and particularly the postoperative adjuvant treatment of ER-N– cases should be reconsidered.

Disease-free survival pattern in breast cancer patients in India treated in a single institution.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12030-e12030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavalinga S. Ajaikumar ◽  
Kodaganur Srinivasachar Gopinath ◽  
B S Srinath ◽  
Ramesh Bilimagga S ◽  
Nalini K Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Advanced Breast ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Distant Failure ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Disease Free

e12030 Background: This study elucidates data from a 5 year retrospective study evaluating survival rates and prognostic factors in breast carcinoma patients in a private cancer set up in south India. Methods: 1046 patients who were treated between years 2003 to 2008 were analyzed. Clinical data including stage, histopathology type, age, node positivity, treatment plan, chemotherapy regimen, ER/ PR and Her2 Neu status, type of surgery etc were abstracted in a database. Five year disease free survival, local failure free survival and distant failure free survival was calculated using Kaplan Meier survival curves. Log rank mantel hazel tests were used to compare two survival curves. Results: Local recurrence was seen in 4% and distant metastases in 22% of the study sample. 62% of patients presented with early breast cancer (AJCC Stage I, II and IIIA). 85.6% of early and 73.1% of locally advanced breast cancers were disease free at 5 years (p<0.001).90.6% of early and 82.4% of locally advanced breast cancers had distant failure free survival at 5 years (p=0.001). Local failure free survival was 96.1% in both early and locally advanced breast disease at 5 years.94.9% of her 2 negative and 83.5% Her 2 positive were disease free at 5 years (p=0.001). 5 years progression free survival was 91.5% for breast conservation surgery vs 84.1% for mastectomy with axillary clearance (p=0.01). 75.4% with triple negative status and 80.8% non triple negative receptor status had 5 years DFS. Conclusion: This is a first report of survival patterns of breast cancer patients treated in a single centre in India. High early stage patient numbers and high median disease free survival times could be because of improvement in screening and treatment of breast cancer in a developing country like India.

Prognostic significance of NANOG and KLF4 for breast cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12028-e12028
Author(s):  
Takuya Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Strong Expression ◽  
Inducing Factors ◽  
Disease Free

e12028 Background: iPS cell inducing factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, and Nanog ) are reported that they appears not only in ES cells(Embryonic stem cell), but also in normal cell or carcinoma cell, including breast carcinoma. We evaluated the expression of iPS inducing factors in the human breast cancer specimen with immunohistochemistry, and analyze the relativity of the relapse and the prognosis after the operation. Methods: 200 cases of breast cancer that were performed the surgical operation in this department were examined. Expression of c-MYC, KLF4, NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 were determined by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Results: The average of the patient's age was 55.2 years old (29 - 87), and the advanced breast cancers in stage II or more were 122 cases (61%). About the hormone receptor and the HER2 appearance, Hormone receptor positively (HR+) types were 162 cases (81%), 10 cases (5%) were HER2 positively (HER2+) type, and 28 cases (14%) were triple negative (TN) type. During the following period from operation, the relapse was found in 48 cases (24%), and 18 cases (9%) were died. The average of survival time after the operation was 80.7 months (4 - 162). Patients with strong expression of NANOG had significantly lower disease-free survival and overall survival rates than those with weak expression of NANOG (p=0.004 and P=0.033, respectively). In contrast, patients with strong expression of KLF4 had better disease-free survival (p=0.014). Conclusions: Strong expression of NANOG was an indicator of a poor prognosis for breast cancer patients, while KLF4 was a favorable prognostic indicator. Our results suggest that NANOG stimulates the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, whereas KLF4 inhibits these processes.

Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Complete Axillary Downstaging After Primary Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients With T1 to T3 Tumors and Cytologically Proven Axillary Metastatic Lymph Nodes

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1304-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Rouzier ◽  
Jean-Marc Extra ◽  
Jerzy Klijanienko ◽  
Marie-Christine Falcou ◽  
Bernard Asselain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Primary Chemotherapy ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Distant Disease ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and prognostic significance of eradication of cytologically proven axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients treated with primary chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1985 and December 1994, 152 breast cancer patients with invasive T1 to T3 tumors and axillary metastases cytologically proven by fine-needle sampling underwent primary chemotherapy followed by lumpectomy or mastectomy, level I and II axillary lymph node dissection, and irradiation. We studied pathologic complete responses (pCRs) of axillary nodes and breast tumors, as well as predictors of distant metastases. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients (23%) had axillary pCRs, and 20 patients (13.2%) had pCRs of primary breast tumors. Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade 3 tumors (P = .04) and a clinical response to chemotherapy ≥ 50% (P = .003) were associated with negative axillary status at dissection. An initial tumor size ≤ 3 cm (63 patients) was associated with pCR of the primary tumor (P = .02) but not with complete histologic clearance of axillary lymph nodes. The median length of follow-up was 75 months. In the univariate analysis, age greater than 40 years (P = .003), absence of residual nodal disease (P = .01), and pCR of the tumor (P = .05) were associated with better distant disease-free survival. Five-year distant disease-free survival rates were 73.5% ± 14.9% among patients with no involved nodes at the time of surgery and 48.7% ± 9.2% among patients with residual nodal disease. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, parameters associated with poor distant disease-free survival were age ≤ 40 years (P = .002), persistence of nodal involvement (P = .03), and S-phase fraction greater than 4% (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that axillary status is a better prognostic factor than response of the primary tumor to primary chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Testing for HER2 in Breast Cancer: A Continuing Evolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sejal Shah ◽  
Beiyun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Humanized Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Invasive Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Disease Free

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an important prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer. HER2 is overexpressed in approximately 15%–20% of invasive breast carcinomas and is associated with earlier recurrence, shortened disease free survival, and poor prognosis. Trastuzumab (Herceptin) a “humanized” monoclonal antibody targets the extracellular domain of HER2 and is widely used in the management of HER2 positive breast cancers. Accurate assessment of HER2 is thus critical in the management of breast cancer. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of HER2 with reference to its discovery and biology, clinical significance, prognostic value, targeted therapy, current and new testing modalities, and the interpretation guidelines and pitfalls.

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