Automatic Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ziehl-Neelsen Stained Sputum Smear Microscopy Images using a Two-stage Classifier

Abstract: Pulmonary TB is still a threat included in top 10 causes of death in the world. Limitation in diagnostic methods is one of the obstacles in improving the detection of pulmonary TB cases. WHO recommend Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (TB-LAMP) with sensitivity, specificity, high efficiency, fast, and simple in terms of molecular method to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study was aimed to find out whether LAMP-TB could detect M. tuberculosis in the sputum samples. This was a descriptive observational/survey study using a diagnostic test with a cross-sectional design. Samples were patients suspected as pulmonary TB with negative result in sputum smear microscopy at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado during September until October 2017. The results obtained 25 samples of patients suspected pulmonary TB with negative result in sputum smear microscopy. Most of them were at the age of 52-64 years, male (18 people; 72%), and had purulent sputum (14 samples; 56%). Examination by using LAMP-TB obtained 4 samples (16%) stated as positive M. tuberculosis and 21 samples (84%) stated as negative M. tuberculosis. Conclusion: TB-LAMP could detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum samples.Keywords: pulmonary TB, M.tuberculosis, TB-LAMP Abstrak: TB Paru saat ini masih menjadi ancaman dan termasuk 10 besar penyebab kematian teratas di dunia. Keterbatasan metode diagnostik merupakan salah satu hambatan dalam meningkatkan temuan kasus TB Paru. Saat ini WHO telah merekomendasikan metode Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP-TB) yang memiliki sensitivitas, spesifitas, efisiensi tinggi, cepat dan sederhana dalam hal metode molekular untuk mengidentifikasi Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah teknik LAMP-TB dapat mendeteksi M.tuberculosis pada sampel sputum. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional/survei dengan pendekatan uji diagnostik secara potong lintang pada pasien terduga TB Paru BTA negatif di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selama bulan September-Oktober 2017. Dari 25 sampel pasien terduga TB paru BTA negatif didapatkan sebagian besar berusia 52-64 tahun, berjenis kelamin laki-laki 18 orang (72%), dan konsistensi sputum purulen pada 14 sampel (56%). Pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan metode LAMP-TB mendapatkan 4 sampel (16%) dinyatakan positif mengandung M.tuberculosis dan 21 sampel (84%) dinyatakan negatif. Simpulan: Metode LAMP-TB dapat mendeteksi M.Tuberculosis dalam sampel sputum.Kata kunci: TB paru, M.tuberculosis, LAMP-TB

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Choosing Wisely: Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Adolescents With Intrathoracic Tuberculosis

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society ◽

10.1093/jpids/piaa134 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Spenta Kakalia ◽

Aparna Chakravarty ◽

David Manson ◽

Ray Lam ◽

Valerie Waters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Chest Ct ◽

Choosing Wisely ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Molecular Testing ◽

Sputum Smear Microscopy ◽

Chest Computed Tomography

Abstract In a retrospective study of adolescents with intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB), 26 out of the 81 (32%) patients had undergone chest computed tomography (CT). Chest CT was considered unnecessary in 7 (27%), necessary in 7 (27%), and possibly/probably helpful in 12 (46%). Promptly obtaining specimens for sputum smear microscopy, molecular testing, as well as culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis could avoid several unnecessary CTs.

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Characterization of Drug-Resistant Lipid-Dependent Differentially Detectable Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10153249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 3249

Author(s):

Annelies W. Mesman ◽

Seung-Hun Baek ◽

Chuan-Chin Huang ◽

Young-Mi Kim ◽

Sang-Nae Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Culture Media ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Solid Culture ◽

Lowenstein Jensen ◽

Genetic Mechanisms ◽

Lipid Resuscitation

An estimated 15–20% of patients who are treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are culture-negative at the time of diagnosis. Recent work has focused on the existence of differentially detectable Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli that do not grow under routine solid culture conditions without the addition of supplementary stimuli. We identified a cohort of TB patients in Lima, Peru, in whom acid-fast bacilli could be detected by sputum smear microscopy, but from whom Mtb could not be grown in standard solid culture media. When we attempted to re-grow Mtb from the frozen sputum samples of these patients, we found that 10 out of 15 could be grown in a glycerol-poor/lipid-rich medium. These fell into the following two groups: a subset that could be regrown in glycerol after “lipid-resuscitation”, and a group that displayed a heritable glycerol-sensitive phenotype that were unable to grow in the presence of this carbon source. Notably, all of the glycerol-sensitive strains were found to be multidrug resistant. Although whole-genome sequencing of the lipid-resuscitated strains identified 20 unique mutations compared to closely related strains, no single genetic lesion could be associated with this phenotype. In summary, we found that lipid-based media effectively fostered the growth of Mtb from a series of sputum smear-positive samples that were not culturable in glycerol-based Lowenstein–Jensen or 7H9 media, which is consistent with Mtb’s known preference for non-glycolytic sources during infection. Analysis of the recovered strains demonstrated that both genetic and non-genetic mechanisms contribute to the observed differential capturability, and suggested that this phenotype may be associated with drug resistance.

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What a difference a day makes: same-day vs. 2-day sputum smear microscopy for diagnosing tuberculosis

Public Health Action ◽

10.5588/pha.16.0062 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 232-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. J. Deka ◽

B. Choudhury ◽

P. Talukdar ◽

T. Q. Lo ◽

B. Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sputum Smear ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Sputum Smear Microscopy

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Ziehl–Neelsen sputum smear microscopy image database: a resource to facilitate automated bacilli detection for tuberculosis diagnosis

Journal of Medical Imaging ◽

10.1117/1.jmi.4.2.027503 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 027503 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mohammad Imran Shah ◽

Smriti Mishra ◽

Vinod Kumar Yadav ◽

Arun Chauhan ◽

Malay Sarkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Database ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Sputum Smear Microscopy ◽

Microscopy Image ◽

Tuberculosis Diagnosis

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Clinical impact and cost analysis of the use of either the Xpert MTB Rif test or sputum smear microscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/0037-8682-0082-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 631-637

Author(s):

Anália Zuleika de Castro ◽

Adriana Rezende Moreira ◽

Jaqueline Oliveira ◽

Paulo Albuquerque Costa ◽

Carolyne Lalucha Alves Lima Da Graça ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Cost Analysis ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Clinical Impact ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Sputum Smear Microscopy

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Factors associated with unfavorable outcome of tuberculosis treatment in people deprived of liberty: a systematic review

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2020-0583 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Author(s):

Nanci Michele Saita ◽

Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade ◽

Pedro Augusto Bossonario ◽

Rafaele Oliveira Bonfim ◽

Paula Hino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Selection Process ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Previous History ◽

Unfavorable Outcome ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Sputum Smear Microscopy ◽

Factors Associated

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze factors associated with unfavorable outcome of tuberculosis treatment in people deprived of liberty. Method: systematic review, carried out in March 2021 in seven databases, with no delimitation of period of publication. The selection process of publications and data extraction was carried out by two independent reviewers. Results: a total of 1,448 publications was identified and nine were included in the study. Unfavorable outcome was higher among those who were men; had low level of education; were living in a rural area before detention; had longer prison time; received occasional visits; had been transferred between prisons; with no sputum smear microscopy or with a positive result at the diagnosis; with no follow-up sputum smear microscopy, previous history of tuberculosis; having both clinical forms of the disease, HIV/AIDS; alcoholics; smokers; low body weight; and self-administered treatment. Treatment default was associated with young people and death with older people. Conclusion: prison health managers and professionals are expected to establish mechanisms of surveillance and health actions innovation aimed at the population deprived of liberty, making efforts to reduce the unfavorable outcomes of tuberculosis treatment.

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