FREQUENCY OF ESOPHAGEAL CANDIDIASIS IN NON HIV DYSPHAGIC PATIENTS ON UPPER GI ENDOSCOPY

BACKGROUND: There is growing incidence of Candida esophagitis due to the increasing numbers ofimmune compromised patients, intensive chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, high dose oraland inhaled corticosteroids, potent antibiotic therapy, alcoholism and chronic illness such as diabetesmellitus and liver cirrhosis all have contributed to this increase. The diagnosis is made based on physicalexamination. Grams stain of the smear (hyphae) may further add in the diagnosis. Endoscopic diagnosisis based on characteristic lesions. This study was carried out to assess the status of esophagealcandidiasis in non HIV infected patients attending a teaching hospital.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of esophageal candidiasis in non HIV patients presentingwith dysphagia and to assess the underlying risk factors.MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a retrospective observational study, carried out at Lady ReadingHospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from September 2008 to November 2010. All the patients presenting withdysphagia underwent upper GI endoscopic examination during 2008 to 2010. The cases thoroughlyreviewed regarding their history examination and findings of the endoscopy. Patients with HIV / AIDSwere excluded. Results were compiled and statistically analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 200 cases were included. Male to female ratio was 2.1 : 1 . Mean age was 52.9 ±14.6. The main indications were dysphagia/odynophagia. Esophageal candidiasis was found in 28patients, out of which, 20 were male and 08 were female. The underlying risk factors were also assessed.The major risk factors were steroid therapy, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, carcinoma esophagus andstomach, broad spectrum antibiotic and chronic liver diseases.CONCLUSION: Dysphagia is a significant presenting feature of Candida esophagitis Anti-fungaltreatment for 2 to 3 weeks is recommended on empirical basis in high risk patients for esophagealcandidiasis. If no improvement, then upper GI endoscopy is recommended.KEY WORDS: Esophageal candidiasis, Non-HIV, dysphagia.

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Histopathological Spectrum of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Biopsies in a Tertiary care centre

Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.21276/apalm.3063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. A158-163

Author(s):

Anjana M.L ◽

Kavitha Yevoor

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Gi Endoscopy ◽

Upper Gi ◽

Wide Range ◽

Neoplastic Lesions ◽

Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽

H Pylori ◽

Duodenal Biopsies

Background: Upper GI endoscopy is an established procedure for investigating a wide range of upper GI conditions especially inflammatory and malignant diseases of stomach and esophagus. A good correlation in diagnosis can be achieved by complementing endoscopic findings with histopathology of biopsy specimens. Methods: Both retrospective and prospective study of upper GI endoscopic biopsy was carried out at department of pathology, KIMS, Hubli during January 2016 to December 2018. Samples were received in 10% formalin; routine processing was followed with H & E staining. Special stain like Giemsa was done for detection of H. Pylori. 396 endoscopic mucosal biopsies were analyzed and evaluated. Result: Out of 396 cases, 250 cases were esophageal biopsies, 104 cases were gastric biopsies & 42 cases were duodenal biopsies. The male: female ratio was 1:9:1. The highest number of cases was seen between 61 to 70 years. Dyspepsia was the common symptom seen in 61.3%. The most common lesions encountered in the esophagus were carcinomas (67%) followed by esophagitis (16%). The commonly encountered gastric lesion was chronic gastritis in 54.8% with H. pylori gastritis being positive in 38.18%. Among the duodenal biopsies, non-neoplastic lesions were most common (59.5%) followed by neoplastic lesions (26%). Conclusion: Upper GI endoscopy is an effective and appropriate preliminary investigation to assess patients with dysphagia, dyspepsia, vomiting. Endoscopy without biopsy is incomplete and that the combination of methods offers a strong diagnostic tool for better patient care.

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USE OF ROADMAP FLUOROSCOPY IN UPPER GI ENDOSCOPY

10.1055/s-0040-1705058 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

J Weigt ◽

W Elhossary ◽

W Obst ◽

P Maciej

Keyword(s):

Gi Endoscopy ◽

Upper Gi ◽

Upper Gi Endoscopy

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A study of therapeutic role of upper GI endoscopy at tertiary health care centre

MedPulse International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.26611/1014928 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 71-74

Author(s):

Kudlappa Angadi ◽

◽

Nagaraj Kotli ◽

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Care Centre ◽

Health Care Centre ◽

Therapeutic Role ◽

Gi Endoscopy ◽

Upper Gi ◽

Upper Gi Endoscopy

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A radiological profile of the patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy at tertiary health care centre

MedPulse International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.26611/1014926 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 63-66

Author(s):

Kudlappa Angadi ◽

◽

Pooja Patil ◽

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Care Centre ◽

Health Care Centre ◽

Gi Endoscopy ◽

Upper Gi ◽

Upper Gi Endoscopy

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A comparative study of multi-detector CT portography versus endoscopy in evaluation of gastro-esophageal varices in portal hypertension patients

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-019-0117-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hany El-Assaly ◽

Lamiaa I. A. Metwally ◽

Heba Azzam ◽

Mohamed Ibrahim Seif-Elnasr

Keyword(s):

Portal Hypertension ◽

Portal Vein ◽

Esophageal Varices ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Splenic Vein ◽

Gastric Varices ◽

Gi Endoscopy ◽

Upper Gi ◽

Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽

Vein Diameter

Abstract Background Portal hypertension is a major complication resulting from obstruction of portal blood flow, like cirrhosis or portal vein thrombosis, that leads to portal hypertension. MDCT angiography has become an important tool for investigation of the liver as well as potentially challenging varices by detailing the course of these tortuous vessels. This information is decisive for liver transplantation as well as for common procedures in which an unexpected varix can cause significant bleeding. Results This study included an assessment of 60 cases of portal hypertension (28 males and 32 females), their age ranged from 42 to 69 years (mean age = 57.2 ± 6.63). All patients were diagnosed with portal hypertension, underwent upper GI endoscopy followed by a triphasic CT scan with CT angiographic assessment for the screening of gastro-esophageal varices. CT is highly sensitive as compared to upper GI endoscopy (sensitivity 93%) in detecting esophageal varices. Gastric varices detected by CT in 22 patients (37%) compared to 14 patients (23%) detected by endoscopy. While paraesophageal varices were detected in 63% of patients and retro-gastric varices in 80% of patients that were not visualized by endoscopy. Our study reported that the commonest type of collaterals were the splenic collaterals, and we also found there is a significant correlation between the portal vein diameter and the number of collaterals as well as between the portal vein diameter and splenic vein diameter. Conclusions Multi-slice CT serves as an important non-invasive imaging modality in the diagnosis of collaterals in cases of portal hypertension. CT portography can replace endoscopy in the detection of high-risk varices. It also proved that there is a correlation between portal vein diameter, splenic vein diameter, and number of collaterals.

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LMA® Gastro™: A paediatric experience

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x20981591 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0310057X2098159

Author(s):

Charlotte L Taylor ◽

Steven R Wilson ◽

Laura L Burgoyne ◽

Yasmin Endlich

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Education Programme ◽

Paediatric Population ◽

Airway Device ◽

Older Children ◽

Gi Endoscopy ◽

Upper Gi ◽

Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽

Trial Basis ◽

Endoscopy Outcomes

The laryngeal mask airway, the LMA® Gastro™ (Teleflex Medical, Athlone, Ireland), is a novel airway device which permits upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to be performed via a dedicated large calibre oesophageal lumen. It has been validated in adult studies, but to our knowledge, there have been no data published regarding its use in a paediatric population. Following a brief education programme, the LMA Gastro was introduced on a trial basis at our institution and made freely available. Over a four-month period, our pre-existing endoscopy audit framework captured data on a total of 55 patients who had the LMA Gastro device chosen as the primary airway for elective upper GI endoscopy. These data were collected prospectively by the treating anaesthetist and included a range of airway and endoscopy outcomes. Of the 55 patients, the LMA Gastro provided an adequate airway in 52 (94.5%). Forty-six (88.5%) were sited on first attempt, and 50 (96.2%) insertions were rated ‘easy’ by the anaesthetist. Aside from three insertion failures, there were no airway events. The endoscopy success rate was 100% in the 52 patients who had an LMA Gastro airway successfully inserted. First-pass oesophageal access was achieved in 51 (98%) cases, and 100% of insertions were rated ‘easy’ by the gastroenterologist. Despite our relative inexperience with it, the device had a high success rate for airway maintenance and oesophageal access in our paediatric patient population. In our institution, the LMA Gastro provided a useful airway option in older children undergoing elective upper GI endoscopy.

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