Today and Every Day: Blood Clot Concerns Beyond COVID-19

SummaryWe have developed a sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the quantitation of fibrin degradation products (FbDP) in plasma with a time-to-result of only 45 minutes.* The assay is based on the combination of the specificities of two monoclonal antibodies (FDP-14 and DD-13), developed in our institute. FDP-14, the capture antibody, binds both fibrinogen degradation products (FbgDP) and FbDP, but does not react with the parent fibrin(ogen) molecules. It has its epitope in the E-domain of the fibrinogen molecule on the Bβ-chain between amino acids 54-118. Antibody DD-13 was raised using D-dimer as antigen and is used as a tagging antibody, conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase. A strong positive reaction is obtained with a whole blood clot lysate (lysis induced by tissue-type plasminogen activator) which is used as a standard. The EIA does virtually not detect FbgDP i. e. purified fragments X, Y, or FbgDP generated in vitro in plasma by streptokinase treatment. This indicates that the assay is specific for fibrin degradation products.We have successfully applied this assay to the plasma of patients with a variety of diseased states. In combination with the assay previously developed by us for FbgDP and for the total amount of FbgDP + FbDP (TDP) in plasma, we are now able to study the composition of TDP in patients plasma in terms of FbgDP and FbDP.

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Dependence of Blood Clot Lysis on the Mode of Transport of Urokinase into the Clot - A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Vitro

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648188 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 65 (05) ◽

pp. 549-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

A Blinc ◽

G Planinšič ◽

D Keber ◽

O Jarh ◽

G Lahajnar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Pressure Difference ◽

Volume Flow Rate ◽

Blood Clot ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Imaging Study ◽

Clot Lysis ◽

Resonance Imaging

SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging was employed to study the dependence of clot lysing patterns on two different modes of transport of urokinase into whole blood clots. In one group of clots (nonperfused clots, n1 = 10), access of urokinase to the fibrin network was possible by diffusion only, whereas in the other group (perfused clots, n2 = 10) bulk flow of plasma containing urokinase was instituted through occlusive clots by a pressure difference of 3 .7 kPa (37 cm H2O) across 3 cm long clots with a diameter of 4 mm. It was determined separately that this pressure difference resulted in a volume flow rate of 5.05 ± 2.4 × 10−2 ml/min through occlusive clots. Perfused clots diminished in size significantly in comparison to nonperfused ones already after 20 min (p <0.005). Linear regression analysis of two-dimensional clot sizes measured by MRI showed that the rate of lysis was more than 50-times faster in the perfused group in comparison to the nonperfused group. It was concluded that penetration of the thrombolytic agent into clots by perfusion is much more effective than by diffusion. Our results might have some implications for understanding the differences in lysis of arterial and venous thrombi.

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Urokinase Evaluated with the Experimental Radioactive Embolus

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1654164 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 17 (03/04) ◽

pp. 405-411

Author(s):

M Hume

Keyword(s):

Animal Experiment ◽

Blood Clot ◽

In Vitro Testing ◽

Effective Agent

SummaryUrokinase and urokinase-activated plasmin have been given to the dog and rabbit. A thrombolytic state has been induced. Purified urokinase has induced lysis of the experimental radioactive blood clot embolus in the circulation. Demonstration of effectiveness in this animal experiment is hampered by inhibition of the agents in the circulation to a degree much greater than was noted in previous experiments with streptokinase. In vitro testing indicates that under proper conditions urokinase will be an effective agent in the treatment of human thromboembolism.

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Removal of Massive Subretinal Organized Blood Clot With Fragmatome

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04196049 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Blood Clot

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Effect of Punarnavadi Mandoor and Shiva Gutika in Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis - A Case Report

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v2i4.9371 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Wasedar Vishwanath S. ◽

Pusuluri YVSM Krishna ◽

Dani Harshikha

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Blood Clot ◽

Acute Case ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Oral Medications ◽

Doppler Study ◽

Brown Discoloration ◽

Left Lower Limb ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Deep Vein

Objectives: To minimise the dose of Anti-platelet drugs and to treat the acute case of DVT through Ayurvedic oral medications. Methods: The present diagnosed case of DVT approached to OPD of KLE BMK Ayurveda Hospital with a complaints of swelling and pain in the calf muscle of the left lower limb associated with reddish brown discoloration in the foot and occasionally nasal and gum bleeding was treated consequently for 5 months with Punarnavadi Mandoor and Shiva Gutika orally. Results: There is significant decrease in the symptoms of DVT and also major changes seen in Venous Colour Doppler study of the left lower limb. Conclusion: Acute DVT is caused by a blood clot in a deep vein and can be life threatening as it may leads to serious complication like pulmonary embolism which can be cured through Ayurvedic oral medications.

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Hemostatic wound dressings: Predicting their effects by in vitro tests

Journal of Biomaterials Applications ◽

10.1177/0885328219831095 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 1285-1297 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cornelia Wiegand ◽

Martin Abel ◽

Uta-Christina Hipler ◽

Peter Elsner ◽

Michael Zieger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Clot ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

In Vitro Techniques ◽

Cotton Gauze

Background Application of controlled in vitro techniques can be used as a screening tool for the development of new hemostatic agents allowing quantitative assessment of overall hemostatic potential. Materials and methods Several tests were selected to evaluate the efficacy of cotton gauze, collagen, and oxidized regenerated cellulose for enhancing blood clotting, coagulation, and platelet activation. Results Visual inspection of dressings after blood contact proved the formation of blood clots. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the adsorption of blood cells and plasma proteins. Significantly enhanced blood clot formation was observed for collagen together with β-thromboglobulin increase and platelet count reduction. Oxidized regenerated cellulose demonstrated slower clotting rates not yielding any thrombin generation; yet, led to significantly increased thrombin-anti-thrombin-III complex levels compared to the other dressings. As hemostyptica ought to function without triggering any adverse events, induction of hemolysis, instigation of inflammatory reactions, and initiation of the innate complement system were also tested. Here, cotton gauze provoked high PMN elastase and elevated SC5b-9 concentrations. Conclusions A range of tests for desired and undesired effects of materials need to be combined to gain some degree of predictability of the in vivo situation. Collagen-based dressings demonstrated the highest hemostyptic properties with lowest adverse reactions whereas gauze did not induce high coagulation activation but rather activated leukocytes and complement.

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