Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Temporary Black Henna Tattoo Due to Sensitization to Para-Phenylenediamine

The fashion for temporary “black henna tattoo” is becoming increasingly more common among young adults and teens. An adolescent case with itching, erythema, edema, and inflammatory discharge on the right forearm two days after a temporary tattoo application is presented in this report. To determine the contact sensitizer, a patch test was performed one month after the end of the treatment. A bullous strong positive reaction (3+) was observed against para-phenylenediamine at the 48th and 72nd hours of evaluation after the application. Despite the common belief that henna tattoo application is harmless, the ingredients used in henna tattoo especially para-phenylenediamine can lead to allergenic reactions that can even be severe.Keywords: Adolescent, contact dermatitis, para-phenylenediamine

Granulomas Sarcóides Sobre Cicatriz: Além da Sarcoidose

Sarcoid granulomas can be found in a wide range of diseases and differentiating sarcoidosis from a sarcoid-like reaction may be a challenge. We present a woman with erythematoviolaceous papulonodular lesions located on the ears where piercings were placed. A skin biopsy showing an infiltrate of sarcoid and focal tuberculoid granulomas did not exclude sarcoidosis. There was a slight increase in the level of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Systemic involvement due to sarcoidosis was excluded. Epicutaneous tests performed revealed a strong positive reaction to palladium and nickel, supporting the diagnosis of granulomatous contact dermatitis. There are only a few reports of granulomatous contact dermatitis to palladium with piercings as the source of sensitization. The formation of sarcoid granulomas can represent either a sarcoid-like reaction or a form of cutaneous sarcoidosis, and patch tests are essential in order to establish the diagnosis.

Impact of Glyphosate-Roundup® in the Ileal Structure of Male and Female Rats: A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study

The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of variable doses of the weedicide glyphosate on the ileal (the final section of the small intestine) structure of rats of both sexes, using histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural methods. Forty animals were classified into four groups of 10 animals per group (five males and five females). The first group acted as a control, and the remaining groups were treated with glyphosate-Roundup® 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days. The results indicated extinct histopathological changes manifested in the deformation of villi, foci of leukocytic infiltration in the core of villi, and hyperplasia of goblet cells. Histochemical examination (Alcian blue and Periodic acid–Schiff stain) revealed a strong positive reaction of goblet cells and an increase in their number in all treated groups. In addition, the immunohistochemical investigation revealed the immunoreactivity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Furthermore, electron microscopic alternations were represented by the deformation of nuclei, destruction of microvilli, and deposition of lipid droplets. Collectively, the present findings indicate that treatment with glyphosate results in extensive morphological alternations to the ileal structure of rats of both sexes and that female rats are more affected than male rats are.

Anti-Tr/DNER antibody paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration preceding a very late relapse of Hodgkin Lymphoma after 12 years

Background Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a classic neurological syndrome where the presence of Anti-Tr/DNER antibodies is strongly associated with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). Awareness of the syndrome is important because with prompt treatment the prognosis of HL is good. The diagnosis can be a challenge in some patients. The importance of PCD in the detection of a cancer relapse is not clarified. We report the case of a 76-year-old man where a PCD, initially misdiagnosed as a stroke led to a diagnosis of a very late relapse of HL after 12 years. Case presentation A 76-year-old male with a 3-week history of unstable walking, slow speech and dizziness was admitted to our stroke unit apparently because the symptoms started acutely. With a diagnostic delay of 3–4 weeks a correct diagnosis of relapse HL was made based on cerebrospinal fluid changes with a strong positive reaction to anti-Tr/DNER antibodies, FDG-PET/CT scan, and biopsy findings. The medical history revealed that the patient had been diagnosed with HL previously, but has been in complete remission for 12 years. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, chemo- and radiation therapy. Over the following 6–8 weeks he improved. Conclusions Late relapse in HL is very rare. If it occurs it presents as a symptomatic lymphadenopathy. Our case shows, that PCD can be the only presenting symptom of a very late relapse of HL. Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) should be considered even in patients with very long cancer remission. PCD can in rare cases mimic a stroke within the posterior circulation. If MR imaging in severe acute/subacute cerebellar syndrome is normal further investigation is mandatory to rule out a PNS, particular in patients with a previous cancer.

Early Nutrition with Different Diets Composition versus Fasting on Immunity-Related Gene Expression and Histomorphology of Digestive and Lymphoid Organs of Layer-Type Chicks

Early feeding post-hatching (EFPH) can impact the immune response and modify the immunity-related gene expression. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of EFPH with different diets composition versus fasting during the first 72 h of chick’s life on the histomorphological structures of the liver, proventriculus, central and peripheral lymphoid organs, and immunity-related genes in layer-type chicks during the brooding period. A total of 400 chicks were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 4 replicates each. The experimental groups during the first 72 h of life were: feed and water deprivation (control, T1), feeding a starter layer diet (20% CP and 11.84 MJ/kg ME, T2), feeding a starter layer diet contained 3% molasses in its composition (20% CP and 11.81 MJ/kg ME; T3), and feeding a starter broiler diet (23% CP and 12.68 MJ/kg ME, T4). After the first 72 h of chick’s life, all chicks were fed ad libitum the T2 diet. EFPH had no negative effect on the development of the lymphoid or digestive organs in chicks. Greater relative weights of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius (p < 0.05) were observed in the early fed chicks compared to control at day 14 of age. Histomorphological examination revealed an increase (p < 0.05) in thymus cortex and cortex:medulla in the T3 and T4 groups compared to the fasted ones at day 28 of age. Pelicae height, follicular width, cortex, and cortex:medulla of bursa were improved (p < 0.01) in the fed groups compared to fasted chicks, with resultant influences on the primary lymphoid organs. Compared to control, higher germinal center areas and white pulp of the spleen (p < 0.05) were recorded in the early fed chicks, implying augmented proliferation and maturation of B cells in the secondary lymphoid organs. In the liver, a strong positive reaction to Best’s carmine stain in the early fed groups, indicating that the liver of these chicks had numerous glycogen granules or greater glycogen density in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. There was a significant enhancement in the proventriculus mucosal and gland thickness, as well as fold height (p < 0.05) in the early fed chicks. The expression levels of splenic Toll-like receptor 2, interleukin 4, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon gamma were up-regulated (p < 0.01) in most of the early fed chicks (T2, T3, and T4) compared to fasted ones at 14 day of age. In conclusion, EFPH could modify the splenic-immunity related genes and modulate the histomorphology of the digestive (liver and proventriculus) and lymphoid organs in layer-type chicks during the brooding period.

Lipomatous Neurofibroma of the Tongue: Report of an Exceptionally Rare Case

Lipomatous neurofibroma is a special subtype of neurofibroma, which includes abundant mature adipoid tissue, and usually presents subcutaneous location. We describe herein an exceptionally rare case of lipomatous neurofibroma of the tongue. The patient was a 46-year-old Japanese female, who had a well demarcated mass lesion of the tongue. The tumor was composed of mature adipoid tissue and haphazardly arranged spindle cells, which lacked cellular atypia and mitotic activity. Also lipoblast-mimicking cells with intracytoplasmic vacuoles were intermingled within the tumor. Immunohistochemical study revealed strong positive reaction for S100 protein in the tumor. While spindle cells were negative for CD34, alpha-smooth muscle actin, neurofilament, Leu-7, glial fibrillary acidic protein, p63, epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin AE1/AE3, type IV collagen highlighted delicate fibrillary cytoplasmic process. Although tumor cells were negative for SOX10 as well, positive cells were sporadically identified within the fibrous capsule, which could suggest intraneural occurrence of the tumor.

Clinico-Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Ruminant’s Cutaneous Papillomavirus in Iraq

The papilloma viruses are constituted of double-stranded DNA and are a more common lesion in ruminant’s skin in Iraq. The p53 tumor suppressor protein reveals an essential role in cell cycle control. This study intends to investigate the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous papilloma in ruminants in Iraq. Samples had been collected from a total of 10 animals (three cattle, three goats, and four sheep) with multiple papillomatosis lesions. The samples were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. Clinically, the lesions appeared as multiple various sizes (0.5–11 cm), cauliflower exophytic masses on different parts of the animal’s body. The histopathological features of the epidermis granular layer revealed perinuclear vacuolation (koilocytosis) accompanied by various degrees of hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, orthokeratosis, and parakeratosis. Strong positive reaction for papillomavirus antigen was seen in both epidermal basal and granular layers in the immunohistochemical investigation (IHC). Moreover, all papilloma lesions revealed an intense positive p53 reaction in cytoplasmic and perinuclear of the basal and parabasal layers. In conclusion, this study described the papillomavirus lesions in bovine, ovine, and caprine animals, which were found in different parts areas of the affected animals. All lesions show similar histopathological features with minor variations. PV antigen and p53 protein expression showed positive results in immunohistochemistry that can be used as diagnostic markers for ruminant’s papilloma.

Reactivity of tuberculin among Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccinated school children, Kassala State, Sudan Fatima A. Khalid1. Elderidiry MM2, MM Mukhta3

Background Tuberculin skin test (TST) is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction of latent TB infected patients and BCG vaccinated individuals. It is recommended for screening of mycobacterium infection in many countries. Kassala state in eastern Sudan is known as the highest pulmonary TB endemic region in Sudan. Little data is available on the TST reactivity among school children in Kassala. This activity aimed to measure the prevalence of TST reactivity among school children in Kassala as indictor for exposure and response to BCG vaccination. Method Five tuberculin units of PPD were injected intradermally in the left forearm of 2600 children aged 5-15 years attending governmental basic schools in Kassala. BCG scar, child health and nutrition status were assessed before the test. The reactivity of TST was read for 2568 children after 48- 72 hours, interpreted at different cut-off level based on published guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS (V. 20.0) Results Tuberculin reactivity was measured to 2568 out of the 2600, 32 were absent during the measurement. Most of children 2100 (81.8%) had no reaction with TST (no induration). Four hundred and sixty eight (18.2%) had induration ranged from 1mm to 28 mm with mean 3.1mm ±3.29, among them, 17 cases had induration ranged from 10- 28mm. prevalence of BCG scar was 1688 (64.9%). TST reactivity was statistically associated with geographical localities, child gender, and age (P<0.001). High percentage of TST reactivity was recorded in females (65.8%) compared to males (34.1%). Furthermore, TST reactivity was increased with the age, among the strong positive reaction, 9/17 were in age 13-15 years. Also TST reactivity was statistically correlated with nutrition and socioeconomic status ((P<0.001). TST reactivity was not affected by BCG vaccine (P>0.05). Conclusion The study provides data on BCG vaccination coverage in Kassala state, the prevalence of non reactivity of TST. No effect of BCG vaccine on reactivity of TST, hence it can be used as the diagnostic tool for detection of LTBI in children. Different confounding factors were associated with TST reactivity including child age, gender and nutrition status, health and socioeconomic status.

Trichinella spiralis: impact on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene during the intestinal phase of experimental trichinellosis

Introduction: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the rapid activation of the innate immune response to a variety of pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Trichinella spiralis infection on the level of expression of the tlr4 gene in mouse intestines during the intestinal phase of experimental trichinellosis.Material and Methods: The experimental material consisted of the small and large intestines of BALB/c mice infected with Trichinella spiralis sampled at 4, 8, and 16 days post infection (dpi).Results: A statistically significant increase was demonstrated in the tlr4 mRNA level isolated from the infected mice jejunum at 4, 8, and 16 dpi over the uninfected control. Moreover, at 4, 8, and 16 dpi in the jejunum of infected mice, a strong positive reaction for the presence of TLR4 protein compared with that of uninfected mice was observed.Conclusion: Infection with T. spiralis changes the expression of the tlr4 gene in the small intestine of the mouse host.

Effect of dietary crude fibre level on intake, digestibility and productivity of slow-growing indigenous Venda chickens aged one to 91 days

Histological studies were conducted on the palatine tonsil of six male crossbred goats of six months of age. The tonsils were lined by a stratified squamous non-keratinized surface epithelium which continued into the crypts forming the non-reticular epithelium. At some areas in the crypts, the non-reticular epithelium associated with lymphoid follicles showed a great reduction in height with only one to two intact cell layers and were called reticular epithelium or lymphoepithelium. Propria-submucosa of the palatine tonsil was characterized by dense irregular connective, lymphoid, glandular, adipose and muscular tissues. Lymphoid tissue constituted majority of the palatine tonsil and was organized into primary and secondary lymphoid nodules and dense diffuse lymphatic tissue. Average diameter of lymphoid nodules was 684.17±6.88µm while the lymphocyte count in the nodules was 28826.54±236.25. The average number of lymphatic nodules counted per field under low power magnification of microscope was 2.67±0.42 and the internodular distance was 34.67±1.41. Glandular tissue was present in the deeper areas of propria-submucosa. A well developed connective tissue capsule separated the lymphoid and glandular tissues of the palatine tonsil. In the immunohistochemical staining technique strong positive reaction for cytoplasmic IgG bearing B- lymphocytes was noticed within the germinal centre of lymphoid nodules, towards the base of the FAE and some cells even infiltrated the crypt epithelium. In the mantle zone and internodular area, reaction was very mild indicating that T- lymphocytes predominated in these areas. It was concluded that the palatine tonsils were histologically mature as a local defence mechanism against the harmful substances to be encountered from the environment after birth.