Aristoteles enthymem

Rhetorica Scandinavica ◽

10.52610/ezap4535 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 36-66

Author(s):

Maria Wolrath Söderberg

Keyword(s):

Context Dependence ◽

Human Communication ◽

Central Concept ◽

Important Phenomenon ◽

Construction Of Meaning

The Enthymeme, which is a central concept in Aristotle’s rhetoric, is also one of his most debated notions. A majority of the interpretations proceed from Aristotle’s own words “the enthymeme is a kind of syllogism” and most of them understand the enthymeme as a reduced syllogism or a syllogism based on the plausible. In this article different views of the Aristotelian enthymeme are examined, and an alternative outlook inspired by Aristotle’s own examples, is put forward. This is a suggestion that takes into consideration the context dependence, the dialogical nature and the need for presence (in a Perelmanian sense), in human communication and construction of meaning. The enthymeme is here viewed as a discursive process in which the reasoning of the speaker connects with the listener’s structures of meaning. An important phenomenon in this process is the establishment of coherence

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“When possible, make a U-turn”

Narrative Inquiry ◽

10.1075/ni.22.1.14sch ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 186-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elli P. Schachter

Keyword(s):

Good Life ◽

Meaning Making ◽

The Good Life ◽

Central Concept ◽

Identity Processes ◽

Meaning Systems ◽

Construction Of Meaning ◽

Evaluative Meaning ◽

Explanatory Concept

This paper discusses the problematic consequences of labeling Bruner and MacIntyre’s work under the heading ‘narrative turn’. I argue that their focus on narrative was secondary to larger projects with more important implications for psychology which have unfortunately garnered less attention and have yet to be realized. Bruner’s intent was to establish meaning-making as the central concept of psychology. MacIntyre’s concern was with establishing grounds for moral living. Identity was conceived of as a crucial explanatory concept in the psychosocial construction of meaning and\or the good life. Understanding narrative however, although considered important, was not the primary goal of their efforts. I propose refocusing on these original goals and on identity processes, be they narrative or paradigmatic, as they are involved in the ongoing organization of interpretive and evaluative meaning systems that are the grounds for intentionality and agency.

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Investigating the Multimodal Nature of Human Communication

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803.23.2.63 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 63-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Silke Paulmann ◽

Sarah Jessen ◽

Sonja A. Kotz

Keyword(s):

Visual Information ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Physical Property ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Human Communication ◽

Channel Condition ◽

Prosodic Cues ◽

Early Processing ◽

Related Potentials

The multimodal nature of human communication has been well established. Yet few empirical studies have systematically examined the widely held belief that this form of perception is facilitated in comparison to unimodal or bimodal perception. In the current experiment we first explored the processing of unimodally presented facial expressions. Furthermore, auditory (prosodic and/or lexical-semantic) information was presented together with the visual information to investigate the processing of bimodal (facial and prosodic cues) and multimodal (facial, lexic, and prosodic cues) human communication. Participants engaged in an identity identification task, while event-related potentials (ERPs) were being recorded to examine early processing mechanisms as reflected in the P200 and N300 component. While the former component has repeatedly been linked to physical property stimulus processing, the latter has been linked to more evaluative “meaning-related” processing. A direct relationship between P200 and N300 amplitude and the number of information channels present was found. The multimodal-channel condition elicited the smallest amplitude in the P200 and N300 components, followed by an increased amplitude in each component for the bimodal-channel condition. The largest amplitude was observed for the unimodal condition. These data suggest that multimodal information induces clear facilitation in comparison to unimodal or bimodal information. The advantage of multimodal perception as reflected in the P200 and N300 components may thus reflect one of the mechanisms allowing for fast and accurate information processing in human communication.

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