scholarly journals Diurnal activity patterns of walia ibex (Capra walie) in Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Dessalegn Ejigu ◽  
Afework Bekele ◽  
Larkin Powell
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Time Spent Feeding

Walia ibex (Capra walie) is an endangered and endemic species restricted to Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP), Ethiopia. Data on activity patterns of walia ibex were collected during October 2009 to November 2011, and the main objective of the research was to determine diurnal activity patterns of walia ibex in Simien Mountains National Park in order to design sound conservation strategies for the species. Scan sampling method was used for data collection on diurnal activity patterns of walia ibex. Diurnal activity patterns in walia ibex were bimodal, in which they were active before and after noon. They rest in shade on rocks and cliffs during the mid-day to protect themselves from hot sun and predators. Activity patterns of walia ibex during the day showed statistically significant differences (F7,18228= 82.09, df=7, p<0.01). Feeding showed significant differences compared to moving, standing, resting, socializing, and other activities (p<0.05). Diurnal activity records in the walia ibex population during the wet and the dry seasons showed that time spent feeding was the highest and vigilance was the lowest. Knowledge of the pattern of this behavior can especially be useful to design conservation planning as successful reproduction in the population may be threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. Thus, information about the diurnal activity patterns of walia ibex is essential for conservation planning of the endemic and endangered walia ibex in its natural habitats.

scholarly journals Feeding ecology of Walia Ibex Capra walie (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 18132-18140
Author(s):  
D. Ejigu ◽  
A. Bekele ◽  
L. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Time Spent Feeding ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Walia Ibex Capra walie is an endemic and endangered species residing in Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia.  It has shifted its range within the Park in the last decade, and in this study our main objective was to provide information on their feeding ecology to inform recovery goals.  We used a scan sampling method to collect foraging information during October 2009 to November 2011.  Our observations suggest a diverse diet of more than 28 species of grasses, forbs, and shrubs.  The most commonly used plants were Festuca sp., Lobelia rhynchopetalum, Helichrysum citrispinum, and Helichrysum horridum.  Walia Ibex were active in feeding before and after mid-day, and time spent feeding was the highest compared with other diurnal activities.  The percentage of time spent feeding on major plant species did not differ between wet and dry seasons (p> 0.05).  Walia Ibex, however, tended to spend more time browsing than grazing.  The generalist nature of foraging behaviour in Walia Ibex most likely contributes to complaints from the local people who witness Walia Ibex raiding crops cultivated in and around the Park.  Thus, the contribution of crop raiding to the shifts in the species’ range towards higher altitudes at Sebatminch within Simien Mountains National Park emphasizes the need to consider foraging ecology as community-based conservation efforts are developed to support Walia Ibex in the Park. 

scholarly journals Pola Aktivitas Orangutan (Pongo abelii) di Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Ketambe Aceh Tenggara

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Afkar , ◽  
Nadia Aldyza
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Pongo Abelii ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Dominant Activity

The study was conducted in the area of Gunung Leuser National Park Ketambe, Southeast Aceh, in January 2016. This study aimed (1) to find out the activity patterns of orangutan (Pongo abelii), and (2) to determine the dominant activities of orangutan (Pongo abelii) in Gunung Leuser National Parks Ketambe Southeast Aceh district. The data were collected by using Focal Animal Sampling Method and recording of data using One Zero Sampling Method. The research found that there were three orangutans (Pongo abelii), and the activities of orangutan (Pongo abelii) were eating 13 % , moving 4 % , sitting 21 % , standing 5 % , sleeping 0 % , looking for lice 4 % , swinging 7 %, hanging in tree 21 % , playing 0 % , feeding 25 %, breast-feeding and rolling 0 % 0 %. Based on these activities, the most dominant activity carried out by Pongo abelii in the Gunung Leuser National Park Ketambe Southeast Aceh Regency was foraging.

scholarly journals The effect of season and post-fire on habitat preferences of the endangered Swayne’s hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei) in Maze National Park, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misganaw Tamrat ◽  
Anagaw Atickem ◽  
Diress Tsegaye ◽  
Paul Evangelista ◽  
Afework Bekele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preference ◽  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Similar Density

Abstract Background: The availability of preferred habitats determines the spatial and temporal distribution of herbivores in savanna ecosystems. Understanding habitat preference of a targeted wildlife species is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies. Habitat preference of large grazers in connection to grass height and post-fire effect has been debated for the last century. Here, we examined the effects of season, grass height and burning on the habitat preference on Swayne’s hartebeest ( Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei ) in Maze National Park. Data for seasonal habitat selection were collected using both direct observation along established transect lines and pellet counting using permanently established plots. Every month, we measured grass height commonly preferred by Swayne’s hartebeest in grassland habitat. Starting from the first week of burning, we recorded the abundance of Swayne’s hartebeest in both burned and unburned grassland patches. Results: From detected pellets, 94.3% were recorded in the grassland habitat indicating that other habitat types are less used despite their extensive cover > 50% of the Park. During wet and early dry seasons, Swayne’s hartebeest exclusively preferred grassland habitat. We found that 85.2% (n=1,079) and 85.3% (n=593) of individuals observed in areas with a grass height below 30 cm during wet and early-dry seasons, respectively; while 70.9% (n=2,288) preferred grass height below 30 cm during the dry season. The density of Swayne’s hartebeest in burned grassland area was higher than unburned grassland areas up to 150 days since burning. However, in unburned grassland areas, the density was initially low but showed increasing trend for consecutive days, reaching similar density with burned areas after 150 days since burning. Conclusion: Swayne’s hartebeest exclusively preferred grassland habitat, particularly during wet and early-dry seasons, shortest available grass height in all seasons and were attracted to burned grassland areas. Our results suggested that fire played an important role in maintaining habitat quality in grassland, and that management should continue using controlled burning as a tool for the conservation of Swayne’s hartebeest. However, we remain cautious of our findings given the paucity of information regarding other confounding factors and the absence of long-term data on fire disturbance.

scholarly journals The effect of season and post-fire on habitat preferences of the endangered Swayne’s hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei) in Maze National Park, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misganaw Tamrat ◽  
Anagaw Atickem ◽  
Diress Tsegaye ◽  
Paul Evangelista ◽  
Afework Bekele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preference ◽  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Similar Density

Abstract Background: The availability of preferred habitats determines the spatial and temporal distribution of herbivores in savanna ecosystems. Understanding habitat preference of a targeted wildlife species is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies. Habitat preference of large grazers in connection to grass height and post-fire effect has been debated for the last century. Here, we examined the effects of season, grass height and burning on the habitat preference on Swayne’s hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei) in Maze National Park. Data for seasonal habitat selection were collected using both direct observation along established transect lines and pellet counting using permanently established plots. Every month, we measured grass height commonly preferred by Swayne’s hartebeest in grassland habitat. Starting from the first week of burning, we recorded the abundance of Swayne’s hartebeest in both burned and unburned grassland patches. Results: From detected pellets, 94.3% were recorded in the grassland habitat indicating that other habitat types are less used despite their extensive cover > 50% of the Park. During wet and early dry seasons, Swayne’s hartebeest exclusively preferred grassland habitat. We found that 85.2% (n=1,079) and 85.3% (n=593) of individuals observed in areas with a grass height below 30 cm during wet and early dry seasons, respectively; while 70.9% (n=2,288) preferred grass height below 30 cm during the dry season. The density of Swayne’s hartebeest in burned grassland area was higher than unburned grassland areas up to 150 days since burning. However, in unburned grassland areas, the density was initially low but showed increasing trend for consecutive days, reaching similar density with burned areas after 150 days since burning. Conclusion: Swayne’s hartebeest exclusively preferred grassland habitat, particularly during wet and early dry seasons, shortest available grass height in all seasons and were attracted to burned grassland areas. Our results suggested that fire played an important role in maintaining habitat quality in grassland, and that management should continue using controlled burning as a tool for the conservation of Swayne’s hartebeest. However, we remain cautious of our findings given the paucity of information regarding other confounding factors and the absence of long-term data on fire disturbance.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Trend in Managing Human-Wildlife Conflicts in and around Akagera National Park, Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celestin Banamwana ◽  
Pierre Dukuziyaturemye ◽  
Gaspard Rwanyiziri
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Electric Fence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Illegal Activities

Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) makes wildlife conservation more difficult and threatens the endangered species and human livelihood in adjacent protected areas. While the cases of existing conflicts are often evaluated, their trend vis-à-vis the mitigation measures such as an electric fence has been frequently overlooked. This study aimed at evaluating the trend of human-wildlife conflicts in and around Akagera National Park (ANP) by comparing the situations before and after its electric fencing. This study used both secondary and primary data. Secondary data used exiting literature while primary data has been obtained by using field observation, household questionnaire survey, and Key Informant Interview with park managers and local leaders.The findings revealed that both illegal activities from local population and damages from wild animals have significantly reduced if we compare the situations before and after the establishment of an electric fence around ANP in 2013. In fact, between 2011 and 2020, illegal activities in the park have reduced to 70 %, 80 %, 85 %, and 80 % for captured cows, caught poachers, found traps, and killed animals respectively. However, this electric fence has not yet eradicated all forms of human-wildlife conflicts to the extent of zero case. In this regard, a set of sustainable community-based conservation strategies such as revenue sharing scheme, insurance scheme, compensation measures, etc., is highly encouraged.

scholarly journals Threat Ranking to Improve Conservation Planning: An Example from the Gediz Delta, Turkey

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Dilara Arslan ◽  
Kerim Çiçek ◽  
Ömer Döndüren ◽  
Lisa Ernoul
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Sustainable Conservation ◽  
Systematic Identification ◽  
Grassland Habitats

Mediterranean wetlands are among the most threatened natural areas. The needs and demands of an increasing human population are modifying land use and converting natural habitats into artificial areas. In order to combat these trends, effective conservation planning needs to provide clear, systematic identification of threats to find sustainable conservation strategies. In this case study, we evaluated current threats in the Gediz Delta (Turkey) using a multi-method approach. First, we did a comprehensive literature review and stakeholder interviews to identify existing threats. We then did a complete survey of the Delta through intensive fieldwork. The threats were coded and ranked using the conservation standards. We used the threat ranking and field survey to map the most vulnerable areas of the Delta. The most commonly observed threats in the field were pollution and agriculture and aquaculture activities. According to the threat ranking, the most important threats are climate change and residential and commercial development. The habitats that are most at risk are agricultural grassland habitats. The results indicate a need to extend conservation actions in the inner part of the Delta. In addition, the multi-method threat ranking approach could serve as a model to improve conservation planning in other sites worldwide.

scholarly journals Foraging Ecology and Diurnal Activity Patterns of Klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) in Yetefet Woyenat Forest, East Gojjam, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Melaku Bireda ◽  
Mesele Yihune
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

The foraging ecology and diurnal activity patterns of the klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) were studied in Yetefet Woyenat Forest from September 2017 to August 2018 during the dry and wet seasons. Data were collected by visual observation using focal and scan sampling methods. The result indicated that klipspringers were observed feeding on grasses, herbs, trees, and shrubs, but were primarily browsers during both wet and dry seasons. Carissa edulis was the most consumed plant species in the study area, followed by Rosa abyssinica and Maytenus arbutifolia. Despite moderate ambient temperatures, klipspringers were mostly active during early morning and late afternoon, feeding 45.56% of the daylight hours during the dry season and 43.75% during the wet season. Klipspringers were facing threats due to human activities in the study area. Thus, appropriate conservation measures should be taken to reduce disturbance of their ecology.

scholarly journals HABITAT DAN PERILAKU BURUNG JULANG IRIAN (Rhyticeros plicatus) DI RESORT MASIHULAN SEKSI WILAYAH 1 TAMAN NASIONAL MANUSELA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Marni Yanti Sia ◽  
Cornelis K. Pattinasarany ◽  
Andri Tuhumury
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Daily Behavior ◽  
Rubbing Behavior ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Levels

The purpose of this study was to determine the habitat and daily behavior of hornbills at Masihulan Resort, Manusela National Park. Study was conducted on March 2019. Ad libitum sampling method was used to observe the hornbills behavior, while combination of lines and line terraced was used to obtained vegetation data. Hornbills require a natural habitats that are not affected by human activity, but can also adapt to habitats that have been disturbed with low levels of interference. An important factor of habitat that affects the distribution and daily activities of hornbills are the presence of feeding trees and nesting trees. Diet sources of hornbills in both locations consist of five spesies of plants, namely Ficus benjamina, Octomeles sumatrana, Myristica lancifolia, Pometia pinatta, and Eugenia sp; they were more abundant on Ilie than Hua Hui Jalang. The behaviors that had been identified were feeding, calling, grooming, and beak rubbing behavior. Four behaviors were observed at Hua Hui Jalang, namely: feeding (8%), grooming (32%), beak rubbing (40%), and calling (20%); and threebehaviors were observed at Ilie, namely : feeding (29,17%), grooming (31.25%), and calling (39.58%).

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