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2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 546-555
Author(s):  
Edy Saptono ◽  
Agus Sudarya ◽  
Siswo Pudjiatmoko

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2002 concerning the National Defense explained that Indonesia's defense was carried out with a universal defense system to deal with every form of military and non-military threats. Geographically, Riau Islands Province is an area directly border to neighboring countries that have potential non-military threats. These non-military threats include illegal activities in the form smuggling of goods, illegal drugs, human trafficking, terrorism and penetration of foreign ideologies as well as cases of actual non-military threats, COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of the research are to analyze the management of human resources and the synergy between local governments and defense elements from the army, navy and air force in the Riau Islands Province as well as analyze the obstacles and the efforts to create in the face of non-military threats. The method of the research is a qualitative method with primary data collecting techniques, interviews, and secondary data in the form of literature studies. The results showed that the local government and elements of defense in the Riau Islands Province in facing non-military threats with ideological, economical, technological and information dimensions, economics, health and safety made programs by managing human resources through the functions of planning, organizing, actuating and controling. While synergy is built in two ways, namely communication through social communication through discussion, dialogue, official letters, mutual cooperation and coordination through communication forums of regional leaders. Constraints faced are geographical conditions, facilities and infrastructure, budget constraints and limited personnel. Efforts to overcome obstacles in creating synergy are increasing the frequency of regional leadership communication forums, optimizing cooperation, transforming defense human resources and increasing joint activities.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth G. Patterson ◽  
Emily Lawson ◽  
Vinay Udyawer ◽  
Gary B. Brassington ◽  
Rachel A. Groom ◽  
...  

Accessing the world's oceans is essential for monitoring and sustainable management of the maritime domain. Difficulty in reaching remote locations has resulted in sparse coverage, undermining our capacity to deter illegal activities and gather data for physical and biological processes. Uncrewed Surface Vessels (USVs) have existed for over two decades and offer the potential to overcome difficulties associated with monitoring and surveillance in remote regions. However, they are not yet an integral component of maritime infrastructure. We analyse 15 years of non-autonomous and semi-autonomous USV-related literature to determine the factors limiting technological diffusion into everyday maritime operations. We systematically categorised over 1,000 USV-related publications to determine how government, academia and industry sectors use USVs and what drives their uptake. We found a striking overlap between these sectors for 11 applications and nine drivers. Low cost was a consistent and central driver for USV uptake across the three sectors. Product ‘compatibility' and lack of ‘complexity' appear to be major factors limiting USV technological diffusion amongst early adopters. We found that the majority (21 of 27) of commercially available USVs lacked the complexity required for multiple applications in beyond the horizon operations. We argue that the best value for money to advance USV uptake is for designs that offer cross-disciplinary applications and the ability to operate in an unsheltered open ocean without an escort or mothership. The benefits from this technological advancement can excel under existing collaborative governance frameworks and are most significant for remote and developing maritime nations.


2022 ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Elhoucine Essefi

This chapter aims to investigate advance and relevance of remote sensing in detecting the increasing transnational terrorist and crimes acts. This work should take into the widest definition of transnational crimes and terrorist activities and the link between. Geopolitics has created a favor climate for the setting of transnational crimes and terrorism at the Tunisian-Libyan borders. A possible future scenario is the fall of a military base with high technology arms in the hand of terrorist groups. Remote would be relevant by monitoring of terrorist mobility and their number evolution, arms quality and quantity within the base and the region, linked illegal activities funding terrorist groups (human trafficking from Africa to Europe, arms trade towards Mali, and smuggling).


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Sára Kiššová

Whistleblower protection in the European Union is undergoing significant developments. The new Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons reporting breaches of Union law sets a minimum standard for the protection of whistleblowers. It is awaiting implementation in Member States' national law by December 2021. However, a certain level of protection is also guaranteed by the European Court of Human Rights case law principles. Reports of illegal activities provided from close internal sources can strengthen the protection of the EU's financial interests. Adequate protection is needed to prevent retaliation against whistleblowers. As the deadline for transposing this directive approaches, the article aims to analyse the Directive 2019/1973 and compare it with the protection guaranteed by Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.


Author(s):  
Hanna Viktorivna Zubenko ◽  
Vladimirov Yevhen Vodolymyrovych ◽  
Iryna Popovich ◽  
Yaroslav Ilin

The objective of the article is to analyze the content and particularities of the use of artificial intelligence in legal practice. Historical and legal, epistemological, and comparative scientific methods are used. It has been clarified that artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer (machine) to simulate human intelligence while solving certain tasks. This type of intelligence is also designed to solve complex integral tasks related to the collection, processing, storage, generalization, and other actions with information. It has been argued that the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in all spheres of public life requires adequate legal regulation of all aspects of their use. The main guidelines for the development of artificial intelligence in legal practice have been identified, namely: development of innovative cybersecurity systems; determination of the list of administrative services, the decisions of which can be made by automated systems using special information processing algorithms; development of digital systems for the identification and verification of persons; use of artificial intelligence technologies to detect illegal activities in computer systems, registries, other socially dangerous phenomena; protection of personal data; development of technologies for e-government.


Author(s):  
Сергей Иванович Вележев

В представленной статье автором рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с криминологической характеристикой лиц, совершающих преступные действия на объектах топливно-энергетического комплекса России (на примере Самарской области), приводятся результаты проведенного исследования криминологических характеристик лиц, наделенных административно-хозяйственными и организационно-управленческие функциями на предприятиях топливно-энергетического комплекса, совершивших преступления коррупционного характера. Определен круг преступлений, которые могут совершаться в сфере топливно-энергетического комплекса (далее - ТЭК) и отнесение их по группам в зависимости от объекта и предмета преступного посягательства. Исходя из анализа основных категорий преступлений, совершаемых в указанной выше отрасли экономики, их многогранности выделяются основные типы преступников, осуществляющих противоправную деятельность, в результате которой причиняется значительный ущерб нормальному функционированию предприятий топливно-энергетического комплекса. Составлен криминологический портрет возможного преступника для данной категории преступлений; проанализированы его основные характеристики: высокий уровень компетентности с точки зрения выполнения им своих должностных обязанностей; специальное образование, возрастные и гендерные характеристики и т. д. Особый интерес представляет приведенная криминологическая характеристика преступников в сфере ТЭК по признаку принадлежности к профессиональному преступному миру, а также по видам рецидива. Основной мотив совершения преступления в сфере ТЭК - корыстный, формируемый под воздействием завышенных материальных потребностей. Результаты исследования показаны на примере конкретных уголовных дел, возбужденных следственными органами на основе результатов оперативно-розыскной деятельности правоохранительных органов. In the article the author examines the issues related to the criminological characteristics of persons committing criminal acts at the facilities of the fuel and energy complex of Russia (on the example of Samara region), the results of the study of some criminological characteristics of officials of the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex who committed corruption crimes are presented. The circle of crimes that can be committed in the sphere of the fuel and energy complex and their classification into groups depending on the object and subject of criminal infringement is defined. Based on the analysis of the main categories of crimes committed in the above-mentioned branch of the economy, their versatility, the main types of criminals who carry out illegal activities as a result of which significant damage is caused to the normal functioning of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. A typical criminal model for this category of crimes and its characteristics are determined, and first of all it is a high level of competence, special education, age and gender characteristics are shown, etc. Of particular interest is the given criminological characteristics of criminals in the fuel and energy sector on the basis of belonging to the professional criminal world, as well as types of recidivism. The main motive for committing a crime in the fuel and energy sector is selfish, formed under the influence of inflated material needs. The results of the study are shown by the example of specific criminal cases initiated by investigative authorities based on the results of operational investigative activities of law enforcement agencies.


Author(s):  
Denis Denisov

This article describes and analyses shifts in political preferences among Sevastopol workers during French intervention (November 1918 – May 1919). After outlining the social landscape of the city during the Russian Civil War, this paper focuses on the interactions between workers, foreign sailors and political parties. The aim of this article is to study the Bolshevisation of Sevastopol's working class based on the paths of several local workers. From the distribution of revolutionary leaflets to agitation in cafés, canteens, and factories, and many other illegal activities, what were the Bolsheviks' tactics to rally local workers to their cause?


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-239
Author(s):  
Farrah Sheikh

Abstract 2018 was a politically tempestuous time for South Korea as a little over 500, mostly male, Yemeni asylum-seekers landed on Korea’s Jeju Island. Their unexpected arrival caught Korean society, already in the midst of its own #MeToo wave off guard, resulting in a wave of pro- and anti-refugee demonstrations across the country. Fueled by real and fake news about refugee illegal activities in Europe, anti-refugee backlash in Korea took an Islamophobic and feminist tone. Based on digital ethnography, this article presents observations from online voices – refugees, feminists, and media actors – expressed through Naver News and Naver Cafes to assess the ways in which Korea’s refugee crisis was represented in local and global anti-refugee and Islamophobic narratives, aimed in particular at Muslim men. This research highlights the impact of European narratives on Korean society and raises questions over how Korean society can create a wider, inclusive digital democracy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2325-2344
Author(s):  
Elena V. PECHERITSA ◽  
Ol’ga S. NADEZHINA ◽  
Svetlana I. GOLOVKINA

Subject. This article explores the forms of the shadow economy. Objectives. The article aims to identify conceptual differences between approaches to defining the shadow economy notion. Methods. For the study, we used logical, comparative, and content analyses. Results. The article finds that the concept of the shadow economy includes both illegal activities, which contradict the spirit and letter of the law, and legal activities, through using illegal tools and methods to maximize profits or minimize costs. Conclusions. Social, legal, and economic factors determine the development of the shadow economy. Whether money comes back to the legal economy sector or not, it depends on the form of the shadow economy. To define the essence of the shadow economy, a comprehensive approach is required.


PARKS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Tajudeen Okekunle Amusa ◽  
Kayode Kaothar Azeez ◽  
Emmanuel Abiodun Olabode

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