Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in Dogs: An Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Applegate ◽  
Shelly Olin ◽  
Bethany Sabatino
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Adrenergic Agents ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Urethral Bulking ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
Sphincter Mechanism

ABSTRACT Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of acquired urinary incontinence in dogs. The pathogenesis of USMI is multifactorial and complex. Studies have shown variable results regarding the effects and timing of sterilization on the incidence of USMI. Diagnosis of USMI is often based on history, physical examination, and elimination of other differentials. Treatment options for USMI include medications, such as α-adrenergic agents and estrogen products, minimally-invasive urethral bulking procedures, surgical procedures (e.g., indwelling urethral occluders), or combination therapy. The overall prognosis for USMI is typically fair to good with long-term therapy.

scholarly journals Rational treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 982-985
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Kazakov ◽  
Sergey K. Zyryanov ◽  
Elena A. Ushkalova ◽  
Elena K. Nasretdinova
Keyword(s):  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Mucosal Permeability ◽  
Long Term Therapy

Functional dyspepsia is one of the most common functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, which resulted from impaired motor skills, visceral hypersensitivity, increased mucosal permeability, disorders of the autonomic nervous system, etc. There is no specific therapy for this disease, which often leads to the irrational use of various groups of drugs. Drug therapy is recommended only during periods of symptoms. The main options of pharmacotherapy include the use of proton pump inhibitors, phytotherapeutic drugs, eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori. Against the background of possible motor disorders, prokinetics are also one of the possible treatment options, but cisapride has long been withdrawn from sale due to cardiotoxicity, the use of domperidone and metoclopramide is limited due to side effects, especially with long-term therapy, so currently the only prokinetic that can be used in everyday clinical practice is itopride. In refractory cases, tricyclic antidepressants and psychotherapeutic approaches are another effective treatment option.

Antithrombotic Therapy for DVT/PE

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
Thomas Hyers
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Long Term Therapy

SummaryProblems with unfractionated heparin as an antithrombotic have led to the development of new therapeutic agents. Of these, low molecular weight heparin shows great promise and has led to out-patient therapy of DVT/PE in selected patients. Oral anticoagulants remain the choice for long-term therapy. More cost-effective ways to give oral anticoagulants are needed.

Office-based post-marketing surveillance study on the influence of long term therapy with aripiprazole in patients with schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kungel ◽  
A Engelhardt ◽  
T Spevakné-Göröcs ◽  
M Ebrecht ◽  
C Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Post Marketing Surveillance ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Long Term Therapy

scholarly journals Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction in children: insights from the THYRAMIO study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204201882110011
Author(s):  
Sarah Montenez ◽  
Stéphane Moniotte ◽  
Annie Robert ◽  
Lieven Desmet ◽  
Philippe A. Lysy
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Clinical Series ◽  
Amiodarone Treatment ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
Treatment Dosage

Background: Amiodarone treatment is effective against various types of arrhythmias but is associated with adverse effects affecting, among other organs, thyroid function. Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction was not thoroughly evaluated in children as it was in adults, yet this affection may lead to irreversible neurodevelopmental complications. Our study aimed to define the incidence and risk factors of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction in children. Methods: The study was designed as an observational study with a retrospective clinical series of 152 children treated by amiodarone in the Pediatric Cardiology Unit of our center from 1990 to 2019. All patients were divided into three groups according to their thyroid status: euthyroid, AIH (amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism) or AIT (amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis). Patients from these three groups were compared in terms of key clinical and therapeutic features. Results: Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction was present in 23% of patients. AIT (5.3%) was three times less common than AIH (17.7%), and its occurrence increased with older age ( p < 0.05), treatment dosage ( p < 0.05), treatment duration ( p < 0.05) and the number of loading doses administered ( p < 0.05). There were no distinctive clinical features between euthyroid and AIH groups. A multivariable prediction model of AIT was built, with a yield of 66.7% as positive predictive value and 96.7% as negative predictive value. Conclusion: We observed that one in five children developed amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction. Special attention is required for older children with a high dosage and long-term therapy and who received a large number of loading doses, since these children are at risk to develop AIT, which is more delicate to manage than AIH.

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