scholarly journals EFFECTS OF REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION IN AGED RATS DEPEND ON PRE-TREATMENT COGNITIVE STATUS: TOWARD INDIVIDUALIZED INTERVENTION FOR SUCCESSFUL COGNITIVE AGING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Weiler ◽  
Perla Moreno- Castilla ◽  
Hannah Starnes ◽  
Edward Melendez ◽  
Kevin Stieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Odor Recognition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has shown initial promise in combating age-related cognitive decline and dementia. The nature and severity of cognitive aging, however, varies markedly between individuals. Objective/Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the distinct constellation of brain changes responsible for individual differences in cognitive aging might influence the response to rTMS. Methods: Cognitive effects of rTMS were evaluated using a rat model of cognitive aging in which aged rats are classified as Aged-Impaired (AI) or -Unimpaired (AU) relative to young (Y) according to their performance in the Morris water maze. Several weeks later, following presentation of a sample odor in an olfactory recognition task, rats received either sham (Y, n = 9; AU, n = 8; AI, n = 9) or intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (Y, n = 8; AU, n = 8; AI, n = 9). Memory was tested 24 hours later. Results: Recognition memory in the sham and stimulated conditions depended on pre-treatment cognitive status in the aged rats. Y and AU sham rats displayed robust odor recognition, whereas sham-treated AI rats exhibited no retention. In contrast, rTMS treated AI rats showed robust retention, comparable in magnitude to Y, whereas the AU stimulated scored at chance. Conclusion: Our results are consistent with a perspective that the unique neurobiology associated with variability in cognitive aging modulates the response to rTMS. Protocols with documented efficacy in young adults may have unexpected outcomes in aging or neurodegenerative conditions, requiring individualized approaches.

scholarly journals 136 Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Protective Measure Against Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Report

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Jared S Garland ◽  
Megan Tsui ◽  
Emilia-Marie Jaskot ◽  
Martin Knoll ◽  
Jerika Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Effect Data ◽  
Pre Treatment

Disclaimer:The views expressed in this abstract are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Army/Navy/Air Force, Department of Defense, or U.S. Government.Background:Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to cognitive decline and eventually death. Degradation of cortical neuroplasticity is thought to be a major catalyst of AD-related cognitive decline. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which uses pulsed magnetism to stimulate neurons, increases cortical plasticity and induces long-lasting neuroplastic changes. Patients have benefited from rTMS to treat AD, especially when done in conjunction with cognitive training exercises. This case report presents a 31-year-old male who tested positive for an autosomal dominant mutation implicated in early-onset AD. rTMS and cognitive training were employed to assist in the delay of early-onset AD manifestation in two cycles.Methods:Prior to each treatment cycle, the patient completed questionnaires and interviews designed to test his cognitive functioning; his spouse was interviewed to provide a third-party assessment of his functioning. Following pre-treatment data collection, 30 daily rTMS/cognitive training sessions were completed in the first cycle and 35 daily rTMS/cognitive training sessions were completed in the second cycle. The bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices each received 1,000 pulses (10 Hz, 110% SMT). Tolerability and side effect data were collected after each treatment. Immediately following rTMS, the patient played cognitive training games at our Brain Fitness Center. All pre-treatment assessments were repeated after completion of the 30 sessions in the first cycle and the 35 sessions in the second cycle for comparison of pre- to post-treatment cognitive functionality.Results:Pre-treatment testing indicated the patient was asymptomatic before each cycle. The patient completed 30 daily rTMS sessions in the first cycle and 35 daily rTMS sessions in the second cycle. Tolerability/side effect data showed he tolerated treatment well and experienced only minor pain. The patient also completed 30 cognitive training sessions in the first cycle and 35 cognitive training sessions in the second cycle and showed moderate improvement across all cognitive domains. Post-treatment assessments indicated no change in functioning except to note the patient s improved sleep. A third treatment cycle is scheduled to begin in February 2020.Conclusions:This case report supports rTMS paired with cognitive training to be a safe and tolerable treatment for early-onset AD. However, more treatment cycles must be completed before conclusions about its efficacy can be determined.

Age-Related Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effects on Executive Function in Depression: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena P. Ilieva ◽  
George S. Alexopoulos ◽  
Marc J. Dubin ◽  
S. Shizuko Morimoto ◽  
Lindsay W. Victoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Probe of Episodic Memory Neurocircuitry in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Kleyn ◽  
Michael Francis ◽  
Andrew Visco ◽  
Tom Hummer
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Resistant Depression

Background and Hypothesis:   People with schizophrenia often experience impairments with episodic memory (EM). Due in part to a lack of understanding regarding the neural mechanisms of EM, there are no effective treatments. Recent research indicates that the precuneus may be associated with EM impairment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a commonly employed intervention for treatment resistant depression, but its potential for investigating other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia is unclear. We hypothesize that, compared to sham stimulation, 1 Hz rTMS will decrease precuneus activity and 20 Hz rTMS will increase precuneus activity during an EM task.    Experimental Design:   Seven patients with early phase psychosis underwent a baseline fMRI scan during an EM recognition task that required participants to accurately identify which images were previously shown (targets) or not shown (foils). Next, participants had three separate rTMS sessions targeting the precuneus, each one week apart, in a randomized order: inhibitory (1 Hz) rTMS, excitatory (20Hz) rTMS, and sham stimulation. Each rTMS session was immediately followed by fMRI during the EM task.    Results:   We currently remain blind to the conditions because the study is ongoing. Participants had relatively lower accuracy during foil trials in one treatment session. During this same session, precuneus activity was relatively stronger to foils than targets, compared to other treatment sessions. These preliminary results suggest that rTMS applied to the precuneus may impact episodic memory and related brain activity in early psychosis    Conclusion and Potential Impact:   Data from this study will help determine whether targeting the precuneus with rTMS impacts functional activation in patients with schizophrenia during EM tasks. Additionally, relationships between EM performance and changes in precuneus activity will be identified. If effective, rTMS may represent a novel treatment for EM deficits in schizophrenia.  

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