Novel delivery systems of active substances for intraocular administration

Neurodegenerative pathologies affecting the posterior segment of the eye such as diabetic retinopathy, age related macular degeneration and glaucoma are among the main causes of blindness in the world. They have in common that are cronic, multifactorial and in some cases related with the elderly. The treatment of these pathologies require to maintain therapeutic concentrations in the posterior segment thanks to the use of successive intraocular injections which are associated to secondary effects being poor tolerated by patients. Intraocular drug delivery systems emerged as an alternative to frequent injections as they are able to deliver the therapeutic agent in a controlled fashion into the eye after a single administration. Depending on the biomaterial these delivery systems are biodegradable or non biodegradable. Attending to their sizes, drug delivery systems are classified in implants (>1mm), microsystems (1-1000μm) y nanosystems (1-1000nm). Biodegradable microspheres emerge as therapeutic tools of great interest for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies as they can encapsulate active substances of distinct nature and provide release profiles tailoring with clinical needs. Furthermore, it is possible to administer different amounts of microspheres which correspond to the most adequated doses of the medicine in a personalized therapy. The simultaneous encapsulation of several active substances in the microspheres are of great interest in the treatment of multifactorial diseases covering different therapeutic targets.

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Advanced Hydrogels Based Drug Delivery Systems for Ophthalmic Delivery

Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation ◽

10.2174/1872211314666200108094851 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 291-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Srividya Gorantla ◽

Tejashree Waghule ◽

Vamshi Krishna Rapalli ◽

Prem Prakash Singh ◽

Sunil Kumar Dubey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Duration Of Action ◽

Age Related ◽

Aqueous Gels ◽

Ophthalmic Delivery ◽

3D Printed

Hydrogels are aqueous gels composed of cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers. Stimuli-responsive based hydrogels have gained focus over the past 20 years for treating ophthalmic diseases. Different stimuli-responsive mechanisms are involved in forming polymer hydrogel networks, including change in temperature, pH, ions, and others including light, thrombin, pressure, antigen, and glucose-responsive. Incorporation of nanocarriers with these smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems that can extend the duration of action by increasing ocular bioavailability and reducing the dosing frequency. This review will focus on the hydrogel drug delivery systems highlighting the gelling mechanisms and emerging stimuli-responsive hydrogels from preformed gels, nanogels, and the role of advanced 3D printed hydrogels in vision-threatening diseases like age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. It also provides insight into the limitations of hydrogels along with the safety and biocompatibility of the hydrogel drug delivery systems.

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Basic Research and Clinical Application of Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

10.5772/31524 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giuseppe Lo ◽

Alessandro Gal

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Basic Research ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related

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Lipid-based drug delivery systems in the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration

Drug Delivery and Translational Research ◽

10.1007/s13346-016-0299-6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 781-792 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joanne D. Du ◽

Wye-Khay Fong ◽

Suzanne Caliph ◽

Ben J. Boyd

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related

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Intravitreal anti-VEGF drug delivery systems for age-related macular degeneration

International Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118767 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 573 ◽

pp. 118767 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Andrea Luaces-Rodríguez ◽

Cristina Mondelo-García ◽

Irene Zarra-Ferro ◽

Miguel González-Barcia ◽

Pablo Aguiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Anti Vegf ◽

Age Related

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Recent Developments in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems for Therapy of Both Anterior and Posterior Segment Diseases

Colloids and Interface Science Communications ◽

10.1016/j.colcom.2018.03.008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 54-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hao Chen ◽

Yingying Jin ◽

Lin Sun ◽

Xi Li ◽

Kaihui Nan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Posterior Segment ◽

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Ophthalmic Drug

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Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye: Biopharmaceutic and Pharmacokinetic Considerations

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12030269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rubén Varela-Fernández ◽

Victoria Díaz-Tomé ◽

Andrea Luaces-Rodríguez ◽

Andrea Conde-Penedo ◽

Xurxo García-Otero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Posterior Segment ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Administration Routes ◽

Age Related ◽

Complex Anatomy ◽

Site Of Action ◽

Intraocular Drug Delivery ◽

Novel Drug ◽

Drug Pharmacokinetics

The treatment of the posterior-segment ocular diseases, such as age-related eye diseases (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR), present a challenge for ophthalmologists due to the complex anatomy and physiology of the eye. This specialized organ is composed of various static and dynamic barriers that restrict drug delivery into the target site of action. Despite numerous efforts, effective intraocular drug delivery remains unresolved and, therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the current treatments of diseases affecting the posterior cavity. This review article gives an overview of pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutics aspects for the most commonly-used ocular administration routes (intravitreal, topical, systemic, and periocular), including information of the absorption, distribution, and elimination, as well as the benefits and limitations of each one. This article also encompasses different conventional and novel drug delivery systems designed and developed to improve drug pharmacokinetics intended for the posterior ocular segment treatment.

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Nanotechnology for Omics-Based Ocular Drug Delivery

Oncology ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch013 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 366-381

Author(s):

Anjali Hirani ◽

Aditya Grover ◽

Yong Woo Lee ◽

Yashwant Pathak ◽

Vijaykumar Sutariya

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Ocular Diseases ◽

Age Related ◽

Conventional Drug ◽

Genomics And Proteomics ◽

Translational Level

Millions of people suffer from ocular diseases that impair vision and can lead to blindness. Advances in genomics and proteomics have revealed a number of different molecular markers specific for different ocular diseases, thereby optimizing the processes of drug development and discovery. Nanotechnology can increase the throughput of data obtained in omics-based studies and allows for more sensitive diagnostic techniques as more efficient drug delivery systems. Biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials developed through omics-based research are able to target reported molecular markers for different ocular diseases and offer novel alternatives to conventional drug therapy. In this chapter, the authors review the pathophysiology, current genomic and proteomic information, and current nanomaterial-based therapies of four ocular diseases: glaucoma, uveal melanoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Omics-based research can be used to elucidate specific genes and proteins and develop novel nanomedicine formulations to prevent, halt, or cure ocular diseases at the transcriptional or translational level.

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From the carrier of active substance to drug delivery systems

Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.20883/jms.2017.198 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Barbara Jadach

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Active Substance ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Biocompatible Polymers ◽

Research Groups ◽

Improve Form ◽

To Receive ◽

Active Substances

Development and innovation all the time are in interests of pharmaceutical science and evaluation of different dosage forms. They are concerned with the aim of compliance of patients. All the time different research groups try to develop and improve form of drugs to receive better bioavailability or strict control of dose, place and time of action of active substances. This is possible by using different excipients; biodegradable, biocompatible polymers that work like a carriers; developing simple drug delivery systems, which in time became more and more complicated; nanotechnology that control size, shape and multi-functionality of particulate drug delivery systems. This review shows the main points in the evaluation of pharmaceutical researches from simple carriers of active substances to drug delivery systems.

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