scholarly journals Caracterización socioeconómica y fitosanitaria de 25 sistemas de producción de café (Coffea arábica L.) en tres municipios de Matagalpa, 2020

La Calera ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elian Josué Jarquin ◽  
Edgardo Jiménez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

La producción de café en Nicaragua se encuentra en pequeños, medianos y grandes productores provenientes en su mayoría de la región norte central y noroeste del país. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar sistemas de café desde la perspectiva socioeconómica, agronómica (fitosanitario) y beneficiado húmedo (manejo de cosecha) mediante la ejecución de encuesta a caficultores. Basado en los resultados, se realizó análisis de datos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes; el 84 % de los caficultores corresponden al sexo masculino, las edades están comprendidas en los 30 y 79 años, siendo los de 40 y 49 años los más representados (36 %). El 96 % de los productores, la tenencia de la tierra es propia. El Catimor (hibrido de timor x caturra) es la variedad más utilizada. Las principales plagas que inciden son nematodos fitoparásitos (Pratylenchus y Meloidogyne), gallina ciega (Phyllophaga spp.) y broca del café (Hypothenemus hampei), las enfermedades causadas por hongos, ojo de gallo (Mycena citricolor), roya (Hemileia vastatrix) y moho de hilachas (Pellicularia koleroga), las arvenses más reportadas por los productores, Ventanilla (Monstera adansoni) y Zacate estrella (Cynodon dactylon). El método de control más usado para, plagas insectiles, nematodos, enfermedades fungosas y arvenses, son los sintéticos. Gran parte de los productores no realizan análisis del café antes y después del beneficiado húmedo, ni limpieza de su medio de transporte al trasladar el café a centros de acopio.

scholarly journals Caracterización agronómica de 95 accesiones en el banco de germoplasma de café en Chanchamayo (Perú), año 2016

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Caracterización agronómica de 95 accesiones en el banco de germoplasma de café en Chanchamayo (Perú), año 2016 Agronomic characterization of 95 accessions in the bank of germplasm of coffe plant in Chanchamayo (Peru) year 2016 L. Alvarado, R. Vértiz, J. Jiménez, R. Borjas, V. Castro y A. Julca Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú Recibido el 14 de junio del 2017. Aceptado el 19 de julio del 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2017.0004/ Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las características agronómicas de 95 accesiones en el banco de germoplasma de café (Coffea arabica L.) en Chanchamayo, año 2016. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en el fundo “La Génova” de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina en San Ramón-Chanchamayo. La caracterización se basó en caracteres que describan la capacidad productiva de la planta y su comportamiento frente a la “broca” (Hypothenemus hampei) y “roya” (Hemileia vastatrix). Luego se realizó un análisis de varianza y una Prueba de Duncan para cada variable estudiada mediante el programa Statgraphic. Se realizó un análisis multivariado (componentes principales y agrupamientos) con el programa NTSYS que permitió conocer los caracteres que han expresado un mayor grado de variabilidad, así como la relación entre accesiones. Las accesiones con más altos rendimientos en promedio de café cerezo/planta fueron UNACAF-70 con 5.42 kg/planta y UNACAF-149 con 4.16 kg/planta; mientras que las accesiones menos sobresalientes fueron UNACAF-151 con 0.22 kg/planta y UNACAF-223 con 0.15 kg/planta. Con respecto al peso de café pergamino seco por planta, la accesión más sobresaliente siguió siendo UNACAF-70 con 1.1 kg/planta. Finalmente, los caracteres más discriminantes fueron peso de café cerezo, peso de café pergamino seco, número de frutos por planta, peso de pulpa de 100 frutos maduros y peso de 100 frutos maduros. Descriptores: café, broca del café, roya del café, análisis multivariado. Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of 95 accessions in the coffee germplasm bank (Coffea arabica L.) in Chanchamayo, in 2016. This work was carried out in "La Genova" fund of the National Agrarian University La Molina in San Ramón-Chanchamayo. The characterization was carried out on the basis of characters that describe the productive capacity of the plant and its behavior against the "drill" (Hypothenemus hampei) and "rust" (Hemileia vastatrix). An analysis of variance and a Duncan test were performed for each variable studied using the Statgraphic program. Then a multivariate analysis (main components and groupings) was carried out with the NTSYS program that allowed to know the characters that have expressed a greater degree of variability, as well as the relation between accessions. The accessions with the highest yields in average coffee cherry / plant were UNACAF-70 with 5.42 kg / plant and UNACAF-149 with 4.16 kg / plant; While the least outstanding accessions were UNACAF-151 with 0.22 kg / plant and UNACAF-223 with 0.15 kg / plant. Regarding the weight of dry parchment coffee per plant, the most outstanding accession remained UNACAF-70 with 1.1 kg / plant. Finally, the most discriminating characters were cherry coffee weight, dry parchment coffee weight, number of fruits per plant, pulp weight of 100 mature fruits and weight of 100 mature fruits. Keywords: coffee plant, coffee berry borer, coffee rust disease, multivariate analysis.

scholarly journals Avaliação e seleção de progênies F3 de cafeeiros de porte baixo com o gene SH3 de resistência a Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br.

Bragantia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albano Silva da Conceição ◽  
Luiz Carlos Fazuoli ◽  
Masako Toma Braghini
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Com o objetivo de avaliar e selecionar progênies F3 de cafeeiros de porte baixo com o gene SH3 de resistência à ferrugem, foram estudadas 36 progênies de cafeeiros tipo arábica (Coffea arabica L. ), em geração F3, resultantes dos cruzamentos dirigidos entre as cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 46 e Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81 com o acesso IAC 1110 (BA-10). Esse último, originário da Índia, é fonte dos genes SH2SH3 que conferem resistência a Hemileia vastatrix. O experimento, estabelecido em 1988 no Centro Experimental do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas (SP), no delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com seis repetições, duas plantas por parcela e no espaçamento 3,0 x 1,8 m, utilizou como testemunha a cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81, totalizando 37 tratamentos. Avaliaram-se no campo, a produção de café (média de sete colheitas), vigor vegetativo, resistência à ferrugem, porte da planta, coloração das folhas novas e maturação dos frutos. Os frutos das plantas mais produtivas foram analisados em laboratório quanto ao rendimento, tipos de sementes, peneira média e massa de 1000 grãos. A análise da variância dos dados de produção das progênies evidenciou que houve diferenças significativas entre as progênies, ao nível de 1% de probabilidade, pelo teste F. Foram selecionadas 11 progênies com média superior à testemunha e dentro dessas, 39 cafeeiros. Das 25 progênies restantes foram selecionados mais 15 cafeeiros produtivos e resistentes ao agente da ferrugem. Desses 54 cafeeiros, foram selecionados os 18 que apresentaram peneira média acima de 15,5 e maior freqüência de grãos normais do tipo chato. As progênies dessas plantas selecionadas foram avaliadas na geração F4, em fase de mudas, quando se verificou que dez delas estavam em homozigoze para porte baixo. Com as 18 plantas, o Programa de Melhoramento do Café, no IAC, terá continuidade como progênies F4, visando à obtenção de nova cultivar de porte baixo portando o gene SH3 de resistência ao agente da ferrugem.

scholarly journals Composição química de grãos crus de cultivares de Coffea arabica L. suscetíveis e resistentes à Hemileia vastatrix Berg et Br

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Maria Vieira Lopes Mendonça ◽  
Rosemary Gualberto Fonseca Alvarenga Pereira ◽  
Antônio Nazareno Guimarães Mendes ◽  
Flávio Meira Borém ◽  
Elizabeth Rosemeire Marques
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Com este trabalho, buscou-se caracterizar a composição química e físico-química dos grãos crus de 16 cultivares de café Coffea arabica L., com o intuito de avaliar novos materiais desenvolvidos com resistência à ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix Berg. et Br.) em comparação aos tradicionais. Desta forma, frutos provenientes do ensaio de melhoramento genético do MAPA/PROCAFÉ, localizado na Fazenda Experimental de Varginha em MG foram colhidos e transportados imediatamente para o Pólo de Tecnologia em Pós-Colheita do Café da UFLA, onde foram lavados, descascados e secados em terreiro de concreto. Após o beneficiamento, os grãos foram acondicionados em latas de alumínio e armazenados a 15ºC. Os frutos avaliados correspondiam às cultivares 'Acaiá', 'Acauã', 'Bourbon Amarelo', 'Canário', 'Catuaí Amarelo', 'Catuaí Vermelho', 'Catucaí Amarelo', 'Catucaí Vermelho', 'Icatu Amarelo', 'Icatu Vermelho' 'Mundo Novo', 'Palma', 'Rubi', 'Sabiá 398', 'Siriema' e 'Topázio', do ano safra 2002. Os grãos crus foram moídos em moinho de bola com nitrogênio líquido. As análises realizadas foram: açúcares totais, redutores e não-redutores, extrato etéreo, polifenóis e cafeína. Diferenças foram consideradas significativas e as cultivares apresentaram variações para os teores de todos os compostos avaliados, indicando haver uma influência do genótipo sobre esses constituintes.

scholarly journals Evaluación de plaguicidas para el manejo de plagas del café Coffea arabica L. en Jinotega, Nicaragua

La Calera ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (34) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
María Nohelia Matus Miranda ◽  
Edgardo Jiménez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coccus Viridis ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

El café (Coffea arabica L.) es de mucha importancia para Nicaragua, tanto económica, como social y ambiental, representando aproximadamente el 25% de las exportaciones. La caficultura es considerada una de las principales fuentes de empleo, alcanzando 63% en las zonas rurales y alrededor del 14% a nivel nacional. El cultivo de café es vulnerable a plagas artrópodas y agentes microbiológicos que afectan hojas, tallos, raíces y frutos, causando pérdidas en los rendimientos. La broca del fruto del café (Hypothenemus hampei, Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) es el principal insecto plaga del café en el país por su daño causado y los elevados costos económicos destinados en su manejo. Siguiendo en importancia, la cochinilla (Planococcus spp) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), que infesta brotes foliares y florales, en infestaciones severas, causa amarillamiento de hojas, marchitamiento de yemas y aborto de frutos. Finalmente, las escamas (Coccus viridis, Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), insectos con amplio rango de distribución y abundantes en época seca, causan pérdidas por vigor, enanismo y reducción del número de frutos por planta. Este estudio, tuvo el propósito de contribuir al manejo de plagas del café a través de la evaluación de insecticidas químicos, botánicos y biológicos. Las variables evaluadas fueron, número de frutos brocados y número de escamas y cochinillas por planta. Los resultados indican que los mejores insecticidas para el manejo de broca del café, escamas y cochinillas fueron Galil seguido de Cormoran y Ecobiol, los cuales fueron, además, los tratamientos más rentables

scholarly journals Ekspresi β -1,3 glukanase dan kitinase pada tanaman kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) tahan dan rentan karat daun Expression of β-1,3 glucanase and chitinase of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) resistant and susceptible against leaf rust disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmini BUDIANI ◽  
I SUSANTI ◽  
Surip MAWARDI ◽  
D A SANTOSO ◽  
. SISWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Summary Leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix is considered to be one of the most important diseases on arabica coffee plantation. In order to understand the mechanism underlying resistance of arabica coffee against leaf rust disease, this research was aimed to study expression of β-1,3 glucanase (GLU) and chitinase (CHI) genes in the arabica coffee S1934 and  BLP10 that have been reported respectively as a resistant and susceptible varieties to H. vastatrix. The two varieties were essayed against H. vastatrix, and an RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) using total RNAs  from the S1934 and BLP10, both inoculated with H. vastatrix and uninnoculated was carried out for studying the expression of GLU and CHI. Two primer pairs were designed to amplify the conserved region of GLU and CHI. Amplification products were sequenced and the nucleotide sequences were subjected to BlastX analysis. The result of bioassay confirmed that arabica coffee S1934 was resistant to H. vastatrix, while BLP10 was susceptible.   β-1,3 glucanase was expressed in all of the four samples, the inoculated and uninnoculated S1934, and BLP10 in different degree. S1934 expressed higher GLU compared to BLP10. In the inoculated S1934 the expression of this gene was higher compared to that of the uninoculated one. Expression of CHI was detected only in the S1934, both inoculated and uninoculated. Sequence analysis confirmed that the RT-PCR products were exon regions of genes encoding β-1,3 glucanase dan chitinase respectively. Both of the cDNA fragment have been cloned in E.coli.  Ringkasan Karat daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Hemileia vastatrix merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada perkebunan kopi arabika. Untuk memahami mekanisme ketahanan kopi arabika terhadap karat daun, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen β-1,3 glukanase dan kitinase pada varietas kopi arabika S1934 yang dilaporkan tahan karat daun dan varietas BLP10 yang termasuk rentan karat daun. Untuk itu kedua varietas diuji kembali ketahanannya terhadap H. vastatrix melalui bioesai dan dilakukan RT-PCR menggunakan RNA total dari S1934 dan BLP10, baik yang diinokulasi dengan H. vastatrix maupun yang tidak diinokulasi, untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen GLU dan CHI. Dua pasang primer spesifik dirancang untuk mengamplifikasi daerah konservatif kedua gen  tersebut. Hasil amplifikasi disekuen dan dianalisis menggunakan program BlastX. Hasil bioesai mengkonfirmasi bahwa S1934 tahan terhadap H. vastatrix, sedangkan  BLP10 rentan.  β-1,3 glukanase diekspresikan pada kedua varietas, baik yang diinokulasi maupun yang tidak diinokulasi, namun dengan tingkat ekspresi yang sedikit berbeda. Varietas S1934 mengekspresikan β-1,3 glukanase lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan BLP10. Ekspresi gen tersebut pada S1934 yang diinokulasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi. Sedangkan kitinase hanya diekspresikan pada varietas S1934. Hasil sekuensing dan analisis DNA mengkonfirmasi bahwa sekuen hasil RT-PCR merupakan bagian ekson dari gen penyandi β-1,3 glukanase dan kitinase. Kedua fragmen tersebut telah diklon pada E. coli.

scholarly journals Coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) trapping in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) with artisan traps at el Paraíso, Guerrero, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elías Hernández-Castro ◽  
Héctor Sotelo-Nava ◽  
Flaviano Godínez-Jaimes ◽  
Yuridia Durán-Trujillo ◽  
Paul García-Escamilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Ethyl Methyl ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Transparent Color ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Objective: To evaluate three proportions of alcohol in traps with one and three windows and two different colors to capture Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari in Coffea arabica L. plants. Design/methodology/approach: The experiment followed a completely randomized design with a complete factorial arrangement and four replications. From March to July 2007, three mixtures of ethyl: methyl alcohol were evaluated in different proportions (1: 0, 0: 1 and 1: 1). In addition, green and transparent traps were used, designed with a single or three windows. The number of captured coffee berry borers, water loss, attractant evaporation and damaged fruits percentage was evaluated. The data were analyzed through an analysis of variance and a test of means differences (Tukey, p ? 0.05). Results: The mixture of ethyl: methyl alcohol 1: 1 was the best, with an average catch of 980 trapped - insects week-1. The single window of transparent color traps was the most efficient to avoid water loss, with an average loss of 1,129.79 mL and 905 mL respectively. Limitations on study/implications: The design and color of the traps did not influence the capture efficiency and the evaporation of the attractant during the evaluated months. Therefore, it should be further evaluated during other important phenological stages for the crop. Findings/conclusions: Transparent color traps with a window and 1: 1 ethyl: methyl alcohol were efficient for capturing H. hampei and lowering their population.

Genetic analysis of partial resistance to coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Br.) introgressed into the cultivated Coffea arabica L. from the diploid C. canephora species

Euphytica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Herrera P. ◽  
Gabriel Alvarado A. ◽  
Hernando A. Cortina G. ◽  
Marie-Christine Combes ◽  
Gladys Romero G. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Monitoring of the early molecular resistance responses of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) to the rust fungus (Hemileia vastatrix) using real-time quantitative RT-PCR

Plant Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 170 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ganesh ◽  
A.-S. Petitot ◽  
M.C. Silva ◽  
R. Alary ◽  
A.-C. Lecouls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

scholarly journals Ekspresi β -1,3 glukanase dan kitinase pada tanaman kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) tahan dan rentan karat daun Expression of β-1,3 glucanase and chitinase of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) resistant and susceptible against leaf rust disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmini BUDIANI ◽  
I SUSANTI ◽  
Surip MAWARDI ◽  
D A SANTOSO ◽  
. SISWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Summary Leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix is considered to be one of the most important diseases on arabica coffee plantation. In order to understand the mechanism underlying resistance of arabica coffee against leaf rust disease, this research was aimed to study expression of β-1,3 glucanase (GLU) and chitinase (CHI) genes in the arabica coffee S1934 and  BLP10 that have been reported respectively as a resistant and susceptible varieties to H. vastatrix. The two varieties were essayed against H. vastatrix, and an RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) using total RNAs  from the S1934 and BLP10, both inoculated with H. vastatrix and uninnoculated was carried out for studying the expression of GLU and CHI. Two primer pairs were designed to amplify the conserved region of GLU and CHI. Amplification products were sequenced and the nucleotide sequences were subjected to BlastX analysis. The result of bioassay confirmed that arabica coffee S1934 was resistant to H. vastatrix, while BLP10 was susceptible.   β-1,3 glucanase was expressed in all of the four samples, the inoculated and uninnoculated S1934, and BLP10 in different degree. S1934 expressed higher GLU compared to BLP10. In the inoculated S1934 the expression of this gene was higher compared to that of the uninoculated one. Expression of CHI was detected only in the S1934, both inoculated and uninoculated. Sequence analysis confirmed that the RT-PCR products were exon regions of genes encoding β-1,3 glucanase dan chitinase respectively. Both of the cDNA fragment have been cloned in E.coli.  Ringkasan Karat daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Hemileia vastatrix merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada perkebunan kopi arabika. Untuk memahami mekanisme ketahanan kopi arabika terhadap karat daun, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen β-1,3 glukanase dan kitinase pada varietas kopi arabika S1934 yang dilaporkan tahan karat daun dan varietas BLP10 yang termasuk rentan karat daun. Untuk itu kedua varietas diuji kembali ketahanannya terhadap H. vastatrix melalui bioesai dan dilakukan RT-PCR menggunakan RNA total dari S1934 dan BLP10, baik yang diinokulasi dengan H. vastatrix maupun yang tidak diinokulasi, untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen GLU dan CHI. Dua pasang primer spesifik dirancang untuk mengamplifikasi daerah konservatif kedua gen  tersebut. Hasil amplifikasi disekuen dan dianalisis menggunakan program BlastX. Hasil bioesai mengkonfirmasi bahwa S1934 tahan terhadap H. vastatrix, sedangkan  BLP10 rentan.  β-1,3 glukanase diekspresikan pada kedua varietas, baik yang diinokulasi maupun yang tidak diinokulasi, namun dengan tingkat ekspresi yang sedikit berbeda. Varietas S1934 mengekspresikan β-1,3 glukanase lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan BLP10. Ekspresi gen tersebut pada S1934 yang diinokulasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi. Sedangkan kitinase hanya diekspresikan pada varietas S1934. Hasil sekuensing dan analisis DNA mengkonfirmasi bahwa sekuen hasil RT-PCR merupakan bagian ekson dari gen penyandi β-1,3 glukanase dan kitinase. Kedua fragmen tersebut telah diklon pada E. coli.

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