Type and Distribution of Microplastics in Beach Sediment along the Coast of the Eastern Gulf of Thailand

In the oceans and coasts, plastic waste poses a global threat to biodiversity. This study examined the types and distribution of microplastics in beach sediment along the coast of the eastern Gulf of Thailand in March 2018 (northeast monsoon = dry season) and July 2018 (southwest monsoon = rainy season). Microplastic samples were collected from six stations including Koh Khramyai Beach (Chonburi Province), Koh Mannai Beach (Rayong Province), Chao Lao Beach (Chanthaburi Province, 3 stations), and Ploy Dang Beach (Trat Province). The results showed that the highest average abundances of microplastics in March and July were at Koh Mannai Beach (1698 pieces/m2) and Koh Khramyai Beach (799 pieces/m2), respectively. However, no microplastics were found at Ploy Dang Beach in July. According to polymer-type identification using an FTIR spectrometer, 17 polymer types were found in this study. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET = 39.6%) and polyamide (PA = 22.8%) were the polymer types found in the highest proportions in March and July, respectively. In addition, the fiber shape and transparent color of microplastics were found to be the most abundant.

Color Layer Scissioning in See-Through Augmented Reality

Color appearance of transparent objects is not adequately described by colorimetry or color appearance models. Despite the fact that the retinal projection of a transparent object is a combination of its color and the background, measurements of this physical combination fail to predict the saliency with which we perceive the object's color. When the perceive color forms in the mind, awareness of their physical relationship separates the physical combination into two unique perceptions. This is known as color scissioning. In this paper a psychophysical experiment utilizing a seethrough augmented reality display to compare virtual transparent color samples to real color samples is described and confirms the scissioning effect for lightness and chroma attributes. A previous model of color scissioning for AR viewing conditions is tested against this new data and does not satisfactorily predict the observers' perceptions. However, the model is still found to be a useful tool for analyzing the color scissioning and provides valuable insight on future research directions.

Coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) trapping in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) with artisan traps at el Paraíso, Guerrero, Mexico

Objective: To evaluate three proportions of alcohol in traps with one and three windows and two different colors to capture Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari in Coffea arabica L. plants. Design/methodology/approach: The experiment followed a completely randomized design with a complete factorial arrangement and four replications. From March to July 2007, three mixtures of ethyl: methyl alcohol were evaluated in different proportions (1: 0, 0: 1 and 1: 1). In addition, green and transparent traps were used, designed with a single or three windows. The number of captured coffee berry borers, water loss, attractant evaporation and damaged fruits percentage was evaluated. The data were analyzed through an analysis of variance and a test of means differences (Tukey, p ? 0.05). Results: The mixture of ethyl: methyl alcohol 1: 1 was the best, with an average catch of 980 trapped - insects week-1. The single window of transparent color traps was the most efficient to avoid water loss, with an average loss of 1,129.79 mL and 905 mL respectively. Limitations on study/implications: The design and color of the traps did not influence the capture efficiency and the evaporation of the attractant during the evaluated months. Therefore, it should be further evaluated during other important phenological stages for the crop. Findings/conclusions: Transparent color traps with a window and 1: 1 ethyl: methyl alcohol were efficient for capturing H. hampei and lowering their population.

Surface Plasmonic Resonance Tunable Nanocomposite Thin Film Applicable to Color Filter, Heat Mirror, Semi-Transparent Electrode, and Electromagnetic-Shield

This study proposes a plasmonic resonance tunable nanocomposite thin film which is applicable to color filter, heat mirror, semi-transparent color electrode, and electromagnetic-shield, given the size and structure of nanoclusters...

Evaluation of Utilizing the Magnetic Techniques to Treat the Sulfuric Water Resources in Nineveh Governrate / Iraq

The sulfuric water in Iraq is considered one of the polluted water resources due to their high sulfur contents which reach about (1000 ppm) in Iraqi sulfur springs which consider more than the permitted rate in the global scale limiting (200-400 ppm). So, this study was conducted to treat the water of the sulfur springs by using magnetic techniques, through the identification of the physical and chemical traits before and after treatment as well as determining the validity of these types of water for different uses. The Mosul city contains several sulfur water springs which located in (A) Mosul dam area, (B) area of Ein Kebriet in the center of Mosul, and (C) area of the Hammam-Alalil, where the sulfur water causes contamination of the surface water due to flowing towards the Tigris River. So, magnetic techniques were applied; where the sulfur water was passed for a period of (15 and 30 minutes), through a closed mgnetic circuit of a device which generates a magnetic field of (1000 Gauss). We found, that after the treatment by the magnetic techniques the physical characteristics changed when the yellow sulfur color disappeared and converted to the transparent color. Also, the sulfuric odor disappeared while the chemical properties such as the pH values found its change; in the site (A) from 6 to 7.1, in the site (B) from 6.5 to 7.4 and in the site (C) from 9 to 8.4. Moreover, electric conductivity (EC) decreased; in site (A) from 1721 ppm to 17 ppm, in the site (B) from 1414 ppm to 15 ppm and in the site (C) from 871 ppm to (9) while the total dissolved solids (TDS) values increased in the site (A) from 3.5×103 ppm to 3.8×103 ppm, in the site (B) from 2.8×103 ppm to 3.1×103 ppm and in the site (C) from 1.7×103 ppm to 1.8×103 ppm. Due to the efficiency of treatment by increasing the solubility of water contents, and decreased the sulfate values (SO4) in site (A) from 1392 ppm to 144, in site (B) from 945 ppm to 95 ppm and in site (C) from 247 to 26, due to their conversion to hydrogen sulfide gas and their volatilization in the atmosphere, which is caused by a fault odor in the laboratory. Thus, the flowing of the treated water to the river contributes in the enrichment of surface water, also possible for its investment in agricultural irrigation.

Effectiveness of Modified Traps for Protection Against Fruit Flies on Mango

Mango is one of the primary fruit export commodities in Indonesia. The productivity of mango can be increased by controlling the pest population, including fruit flies Bactrocera spp. Various efforts to control the population of fruit flies have been carried out, either by implementing traditional methods or by using synthetic pesticides. However, synthetic pesticides can cause pollution, and therefore we need to control the fruit flies’ population by using the most effective fruit fly trap mode. The study was conducted in the mango yield (monoculture) of Department of Agriculture in Majalengka. The traps in this study were modified Steiner traps with funnels, modified Steiner traps without funnels, bottle traps with funnels, bottle traps without funnels, and modified gypsy moth traps. Each trap was fed with 0.2 ml of Methyl eugenol dripped on a cotton roll and hung in the trap. The results showed that the number of fruit flies caught in each trap every week is significantly different. The highest number of fruit flies caught in each trap every week was achieved by bottle traps without funnels that caught 135 flies, while the lowest number of fruit flies caught was recorded by the gypsy moth traps with 16 flies. The transparent color of the bottles and a large number of holes effectively lured the fruit flies into the bottle traps without funnels.

DISTRIBUSI, KARAKTERISTIK DAN PERILAKU CAPUNG ENDEMIK JAWA Rhinocypha heterostigma (Rambur, 1882) (FAMILI:CLOROCYPHIDAE) DI JAWA TIMUR

East Java is a province that has various geographic characteristics. some of the geographical features that exist have a forest that is the habitat of dragonflies and dragonflies. one of the dragonfly needles that live in the forest is Rhinocypha heterostigma. the species is spread in western Java and central java. research on the characteristic and distribution behavior of such species in eastern Java has not been previously disclosed. This study aims to determine the distribution, characteristics and behavior of rhinocypha heterostigma in eastern Java. the methods undertaken in this study are direct observation and collection of specimens. observations show several locations there are species such as Kakek Bodo Waterfall, Sumber Mangli, Mountain Pundak, Tretes Waterfall, Coban Glotak and Ireng-ireng streams. Rhinocypha heterostigma found in eastern Java has a dark color pattern to almost the entire wing. leaving a transparent color only at the base of the wing with a slight blue pattern in the center of the wing. this species is often found along with Euphaea variegata and territorial contests. This spesies always perch on leaf, twigs and rocks among the water streams. This Research show that Rhinocypha heterostigma found at Six location in East Java and the highest Population is at Sumber Mangli.