PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF GLABRIDIN RICH EXTRACT OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA USING PASSIVE AVOIDANCE PARADIGM IN RATS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
S. K Desai ◽  
◽  
C. H Pandey ◽  
S.M. Mulgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Preclinical Evaluation ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Cellular Antioxidants ◽  
Monoamino Oxidase

The study was aimed at establishing the nootropic potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra using appropriate experimental model. Nootropic activity evaluation of Glabridin Rich Extract (GRE) of roots and stems of Glycyrrhiza glabra was carried out in rats using passive avoidance paradigm. In this model, scopolamine induced imbalance in the level of biochemical parameters like increase of lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase levels and decrease of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and dopamine levels leading to impairment in cognitive functions were normalized following administration of GRE. An enhancement in step down latency was also seen in scopolamine induced memory impairment following GRE treatment. The mechanism of such protection of Glycyrrhiza glabra may be due to reduction in anticholinesterase levels, monoamino oxidase inhibition and augmentation of cellular antioxidants. Our data suggests that Glycyrrhiza glabra is a screened candidate that deserves to be investigated further as an herbal alternative for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Pharmacological Approach of Pistacia Vera Fruit to Assess Learning and Memory Potential in Chemically-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Satyam Singh ◽  
Dharamveer ◽  
Mayank Kulshreshtha
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Step Down

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the potential of Pistacia vera (P. vera) fruits in experimental memory impairments in mice. Material & Methods: Memory impairment was induced in Swiss Albino mice by scopolamine (0.4mg mg/kg. i.p). Animals were divided into five separate groups of six animals each, positive control group received carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as vehicle, negative control group received scopolamine with vehicle, and standard group received donepezil (5mg/kg i.p) with Scopolamine. Ethanolic extract of P. vera (EEPV) at doses of 200mg/kg & 400mg/kg p.o were administered to group test1 & test 2 respectively along with scopolamine. Elevated plus maze (EPM), passive avoidance paradigms and morris water maze (MWM) were used as exteroceptive behavioral models to access learning and memory activity. Transfer latency, step down latency and escape latency parameters were evaluated plus maze, passive avoidance paradigm, morris water maze. Thereafter lipid peroxidation test, glutathione level and catalase activities were estimated in homogenized brain of mice. Results: Pretreatment of mice with EEPV (200mg/kg & 400mg/kg) significantly reduced scopolamine induced amnesia. The obtained data clearly revealed that there was increase in escape latency in MWM and also increase in step down latency in passive avoidance paradigm. Transfer latencey was found to be decrease in EPM and biochemical. Parameters were clearly satisfied the data as compared to negative control group which was indicative of cognitive improvement. Conclusion: P. vera fruit extract demonstrated to improve cognitive process by enhancing memory in different experimental paradigm such as EPM, passive avoidance and MWM when administered orally. Hence it would be worthwhile to explore the potential of this plant in the management of memory disorders.

scholarly journals Cognitive-Enhancing Effect ofAronia melanocarpaExtract against Memory Impairment Induced by Scopolamine in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Yong Lee ◽  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Nam Young Kim ◽  
Myong Ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Avoidance Tests

Aronia melanocarpa(A. melanocarpa)berriesare a fruit with a marked antioxidant effect. The objective of this study was to confirm the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. Moreover, we determined a possible mechanism of the cognitive-enhancing effect involving AChE activity and BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus of mice.A. melanocarpa berriesextract attenuated the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in the Morris water maze (79.3 ± 0.8 s of 200 mg/kg and 64.4 ± 10.7 s of 400 mg/kg on day 4) and passive avoidance tests (46.0 ± 41.1 s of 200 mg/kg and 25.6 ± 18.7 s of 400 mg/kg).A. melanocarpa berriesextract reduced the acetylcholinesterase level in the hippocampus of scopolamine-injected mice and increased BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus. The major compound, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, also reversed memory impairment. These results showed thatA. melanocarpa berriesextract improved memory impairment by inhibiting AChE and increasing BDNF and p-CREB expression, and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside may be responsible for the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract.

scholarly journals 2,2′,4′-Trihydroxychalcone from Glycyrrhiza glabra as a new specific BACE1 inhibitor efficiently ameliorates memory impairment in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Zhu ◽  
Chenjing Li ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zhengyi Yang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Bace1 Inhibitor

scholarly journals A Synthetic Retinoid Am80 (Tamibarotene) Rescues the Memory Deficit Caused by Scopolamine in a Passive Avoidance Paradigm

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1887-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Shudo ◽  
Hiroyuki Kagechika ◽  
Noriyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Masaharu Igarashi ◽  
Chiaki Tateda
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Synthetic Retinoid ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm

scholarly journals Steamed and Fermented Ethanolic Extract fromCodonopsis lanceolataAttenuates Amyloid-β-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Min Rye Eom ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Eun-Hye Hong ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Creb Phosphorylation ◽  
Avoidance Tests ◽  
Tof Ms

Codonopsis lanceolata(C. lanceolata) is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. We evaluated whether steamed and fermentedC. lanceolata(SFC) extract improves amyloid-β- (Aβ-) induced learning and memory impairment in mice. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate the effect of SFC extract. Moreover, we investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the hippocampus of mice to determine a possible mechanism for the cognitive-enhancing effect. Saponin compounds in SFC were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). SFC extract ameliorated amyloid-β-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. SFC extract inhibited AChE activity and also significantly increased the level of CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression, and ERK activation in hippocampal tissue of amyloid-β-treated mice. Lancemasides A, B, C, D, E, and G and foetidissimoside A compounds present in SFC were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. These results indicate that SFC extract improves Aβ-induced memory deficits and that AChE inhibition and CREB/BDNF/ERK expression is important for the effect of the SFC extract. In addition, lancemaside A specifically may be responsible for efficacious effect of SFC.

Retention of Massed vs Distributed Response-Prevention Treatments in Rats and a Revised Training Procedure

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula J. Martasian ◽  
Nelson F. Smith ◽  
Stephen A. Neill ◽  
Thomas S. Rieg
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Response Prevention ◽  
Escape Training ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm ◽  
Avoidance Apparatus

Two experiments were conducted to estimate the retention of response-prevention effects using massed vs distributed treatments in a model of animal avoidance-learning. In Exp. I, 120 rats were trained to avoid shock in a one-way platform avoidance apparatus. Groups received response-prevention treatment or nontreatment in a 36-min. massed session or in several sessions distributed over a four-day period. In Exp. II, 160 rats were given two trials of escape training in a one-way shuttle box. Groups received response-prevention treatment or nontreatment in a 24-min. session of massed or distributed treatments delivered in one day. Subjects in both studies were tested using a passive-avoidance paradigm immediately following treatment, 24 hours later, and 30 days later. Analysis showed that response-prevention treatments were effective in reducing avoidance behavior and there were no significant differences in retention of avoidance associated with massed vs distributed response-prevention treatments. Implications for animals and humans are discussed, and researchers are encouraged to change from a criterion training procedure to an escape procedure since the latter is a closer analogue to the human condition.

scholarly journals Role of 5-HT1A Receptors in a Mouse Passive Avoidance Paradigm

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Galeotti ◽  
Carla Ghelardini ◽  
Alessandro Bartolini
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nootropic activity of Cressa cretica in scopola-mine- induced memory impairment in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragati Khare ◽  
Sudhir Chaudhary ◽  
Lubhan Singh ◽  
Ghanshyam Yadav ◽  
Shashi Verma
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Nootropic Activity
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