scholarly journals Legislative Best Practices for Securing Women’s Rights to Community Lands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income ◽  
Laws And Regulations

This brief highlights key attributes of national constitutions, laws, and regulations that play a fundamental role in protecting indigenous and rural women’s rights to community forests and other community lands. These legislative best practices were derived from a 2017 analysis of over 400 national laws and regulations, Power and Potential, which evaluates the extent to which women’s rights to community forests are recognized by national law in 30 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

scholarly journals Strengthening Indigenous and Rural Women’s Rights to Govern Community Lands: Ten Factors Contributing to Successful Initiatives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

This report identifies factors that have contributed to the success of local, national, and regional initiatives employed in low- and middle-income countries to strengthen indigenous and rural women’s governance rights concerning community lands.

scholarly journals Best Practices of Blood Cultures in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sien Ombelet ◽  
Barbara Barbé ◽  
Dissou Affolabi ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Ronat ◽  
Palpouguini Lompo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals An estimation of global volume of surgically treatable epilepsy based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A. Vaughan ◽  
Christian Lopez Ramos ◽  
Vivek P. Buch ◽  
Rania A. Mekary ◽  
Julia R. Amundson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Global Prevalence ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Active Epilepsy ◽  
Low And Middle Income

OBJECTIVEEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, yet its global surgical burden has yet to be characterized. The authors sought to compile the most current epidemiological data to quantify global prevalence and incidence, and estimate global surgically treatable epilepsy. Understanding regional and global epilepsy trends and potential surgical volume is crucial for future policy efforts and resource allocation.METHODSThe authors performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to determine the global incidence, lifetime prevalence, and active prevalence of epilepsy; to estimate surgically treatable epilepsy volume; and to evaluate regional trends by WHO regions and World Bank income levels. Data were extracted from all population-based studies with prespecified methodological quality across all countries and demographics, performed between 1990 and 2016 and indexed on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane. The current and annual new case volumes for surgically treatable epilepsy were derived from global epilepsy prevalence and incidence.RESULTSThis systematic review yielded 167 articles, across all WHO regions and income levels. Meta-analysis showed a raw global prevalence of lifetime epilepsy of 1099 per 100,000 people, whereas active epilepsy prevalence is slightly lower at 690 per 100,000 people. Global incidence was found to be 62 cases per 100,000 person-years. The meta-analysis predicted 4.6 million new cases of epilepsy annually worldwide, a prevalence of 51.7 million active epilepsy cases, and 82.3 million people with any lifetime epilepsy diagnosis. Differences across WHO regions and country incomes were significant. The authors estimate that currently 10.1 million patients with epilepsy may be surgical treatment candidates, and 1.4 million new surgically treatable epilepsy cases arise annually. The highest prevalences are found in Africa and Latin America, although the highest incidences are reported in the Middle East and Latin America. These regions are primarily low- and middle-income countries; as expected, the highest disease burden falls disproportionately on regions with the fewest healthcare resources.CONCLUSIONSUnderstanding of the global epilepsy burden has evolved as more regions have been studied. This up-to-date worldwide analysis provides the first estimate of surgical epilepsy volume and an updated comprehensive overview of current epidemiological trends. The disproportionate burden of epilepsy on low- and middle-income countries will require targeted diagnostic and treatment efforts to reduce the global disparities in care and cost. Quantifying global epilepsy provides the first step toward restructuring the allocation of healthcare resources as part of global healthcare system strengthening.

Participation and Physical Activity in Recreovia of Bucaramanga, Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Erika Tatiana Paredes Prada ◽  
Diana Marina Camargo-Lemos ◽  
Rogério César Férmino
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Dog Walking ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Open Streets initiatives have allowed for physical activity (PA) in cities worldwide. However, few studies have evaluated the use of small Open Streets in low- and middle-income countries, such as those in Latin America. Thus, this study aimed to describe participation and PA level of users in the Recreovia program in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during 5 Sundays from September to November 2017. Recreovia use was evaluated at 4 strategic points according to street accessibility (2 points) and aerobics class areas (2 points), using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities. Results: A total of 38,577 observations were made (34,969 on streets and 3608 in aerobics class areas). Men (63%) and adults (62%), with moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) (98%) were observed on streets. The most common PAs were biking (50%), walking/dog walking (36%), and jogging (9%). In aerobics class areas, the most common groups were female (65%) and adults (89%). Participants were engaged in moderate to vigorous PA (91%). Conclusion: Measurement of number of participants at moderate to vigorous levels of PA was high. A difference between sexes and age in these street and aerobic class area groups was also observed.

scholarly journals End-of-Life Care in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Soto-Perez-de-Celis ◽  
Yanin Chavarri-Guerra ◽  
Tania Pastrana ◽  
Rossana Ruiz-Mendoza ◽  
Alexandra Bukowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Latin America ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Cancer has become a global pandemic with disproportionately higher mortality rates in low- and middle- income countries, where a large fraction of patients present in advanced stages and in need of end-of-life care. Globally, the number of adults needing end-of-life care is greater than 19 million, and up to 78% of these patients are living in low- and middle- income countries. In the Americas alone, more than one million people are in need of end-of-life care, placing an enormous burden on local health systems, which are often unprepared to meet the challenge presented by this complex patient population. In Latin America, cancer care is characterized by the presence of vast inequalities between and within countries, and the provision of end-of-life care is no exception. Disparities in access to advanced care planning, with a lack of provision of adequate palliative care and pain medication, are common in the region. These shortcomings are related in large part to inadequate or inappropriate legislation, lack of comprehensive national palliative care plans, insufficient infrastructure, lack of opportunities for clinical training, unreliable reporting of data, and cultural barriers. This report reviews the current status of end-of-life care in Latin America, focusing on identifying existing deficiencies and providing a framework for improvement.

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