scholarly journals Assessment of Lung Cytological Atypia among Shisha Smokers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yousif Yahia Babiker ◽  
Isra Mohammed Khair Abas ◽  
Mohammad A. Alzohairy ◽  
Hussain Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Cytological Atypia ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epithelial Atypia

Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess frequency of lung epithelial atypia among Shisha users. Methods. Sputum samples were collected from 200 subjects (100 Shisha users (cases) and 100 nontobacco users (controls)). Cytological smears were prepared and demonstrated using Papanicolaou and silver nucleolar organizer region (AgNORs) methods. Results. Cytological atypia was identified among 2/100 (2%) of the cases, and no cytological atypia was found among controls. Respiratory squamous metaplasia was significantly higher among cases 42/100 (42%), compared to controls 7/100 (7%) (P<0.001). Shisha users were found more susceptible for bacterial infections 34 (34%) compared to controls 3/100 (3%), (P<0.0001). The mean AgNOR dots count was higher among cases (2.3±.23) than among controls (1±.2), P<0.001. Conclusion. In view of these findings, the consumption of Shisha is a risk factor for cellular proliferation activity in respiratory epithelium. The mean AgNORs count is a useful indicator for prediction of the risk of exposure to certain carcinogenic elements that may induce lung cancer.

scholarly journals Preliminary investigation on the variation of the nucleolar organizer region in the breeding chinchilla karyotype

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kuchta-Gładysz ◽  
Agnieszka Otwinowska-Mindur ◽  
Piotr Niedbała ◽  
Olga Szeleszczuk ◽  
Joanna Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Silver Staining ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Silver Deposit ◽  
Nor Polymorphism ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Class Iv

The objective of this study was to determine the variation in the number and size of nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) in the chinchilla karyotype. The study was performed with 12 standard chinchillas of two different lines. NORs were visualized on chromosome preparations by Ag-NOR silver staining. Four NOR size classes (I-IV) were determined on the basis of the results obtained, ranging from 0.070 (class I) to 0.229 (class IV). The mean NOR size was 0.144 µm² (SD=0.031 µm²) and fell within class II (from 0.101 to 0.150 µm²). Differences in the relative silver deposit area between the NOR-bearing pair of chromosomes were significant for 3 animals (P < 0.01) and for 1 animal (P < 0.05). The mean number of NORs in the animals ranged from 1.4 to 2.0 (SD=0.00–0.55). It was lower for chinchillas from central Poland (1.53±0.50) compared to those from southern Poland (1.68±0.48), with no significant differences (P > 0.05). The variation observed in the NOR size and number in the chinchilla karyotype indicates the occurrence of NOR polymorphism in the population.

Correlation between Histologic Diagnosis Mean Nucleolar Organizer Region Count and Prognosis in Canine Mammary Tumors

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Bostock ◽  
J. Moriarty ◽  
J. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Invasive Carcinomas

In this study, surgically excised mammary tumors from 98 bitches were graded histologically, and the grade was compared with the mean nucleolar organizer region (NOR) count in silver-stained paraffin-embedded sections. Histologically benign tumors, papillary adenocarcinomas, and intraductal carcinomas showed relatively little variation; the mean count for each category was between three and four NOR per nucleus. There was, however, a significant increase in the NOR counts in tubular and solid carcinomas. This increase was most pronounced for tumors that showed evidence of infiltration into the surrounding connective tissues. The mean NOR count for noninfiltrative carcinomas was 5.1, and that for invasive carcinomas was 7.3 ( P < 0.03). The mean NOR count for individual carcinomas ranged from 2.0 to 12.3, and a significant correlation was found between an increased NOR count and tumor-related death during the first post-surgical year. The 39 bitches in which the tumor had an NOR count less than 8.0 had a generally favorable prognosis; only six (15%) died as a result of the original neoplasm. In contrast, 18/21 dogs (85%) with a carcinoma having an NOR count greater than 8.0 died from the tumor during the first post-surgical year. A similar, although less pronounced result was obtained specifically for invasive carcinomas, in which 3/12 (25%) tumors with an NOR count less than 6.0 resulted in the death of the host, compared with 17/20 (85%) that had an NOR count greater than 6. By using this technique, it is possible to identify a subgroup of bitches with invasive mammary carcinomas that have a very poor prognosis following apparently adequate surgical ablation of the primary tumor.

scholarly journals Comparative FISH analysis of Senna tora tandem repeats revealed insights into the chromosome dynamics in Senna

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Dat Ta ◽  
Nomar Espinosa Waminal ◽  
Thi Hong Nguyen ◽  
Remnyl Joyce Pellerin ◽  
Hyun Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Its2 Sequence ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Dynamics

Abstract Background DNA tandem repeats (TRs) are often abundant and occupy discrete regions in eukaryotic genomes. These TRs often cause or generate chromosomal rearrangements, which, in turn, drive chromosome evolution and speciation. Tracing the chromosomal distribution of TRs could therefore provide insights into the chromosome dynamics and speciation among closely related taxa. The basic chromosome number in the genus Senna is 2n = 28, but dysploid species like Senna tora have also been observed. Objective To understand the dynamics of these TRs and their impact on S. tora dysploidization. Methods We performed a comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis among nine closely related Senna species and compared the chromosomal distribution of these repeats from a cytotaxonomic perspective by using the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence to infer phylogenetic relationships. Results Of the nine S. tora TRs, two did not show any FISH signal whereas seven TRs showed similar and contrasting patterns to other Senna species. StoTR01_86, which was localized in the pericentromeric regions in all S. tora, but not at the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) site, was colocalized at the NOR site in all species except in S. siamea. StoTR02_7_tel was mostly localized at chromosome termini, but some species had an interstitial telomeric repeat in a few chromosomes. StoTR05_180 was distributed in the subtelomeric region in most species and was highly amplified in the pericentromeric region in some species. StoTR06_159 was either absent or colocalized in the NOR site in some species, and StoIGS_463, which was localized at the NOR site in S. tora, was either absent or localized at the subtelomeric or pericentromeric regions in other species. Conclusions These data suggest that TRs play important roles in S. tora dysploidy and suggest the involvement of 45S rDNA intergenic spacers in “carrying” repeats during genome reshuffling.

scholarly journals The genomic structure of a human chromosome 22 nucleolar organizer region determined by TAR cloning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Vladimir N. Noskov ◽  
Aleksey Y. Ogurtsov ◽  
Ramaiah Nagaraja ◽  
Nikolai Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Chromosome 22 ◽  
Rdna Variation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tar Cloning

AbstractThe rDNA clusters and flanking sequences on human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22 represent large gaps in the current genomic assembly. The organization and the degree of divergence of the human rDNA units within an individual nucleolar organizer region (NOR) are only partially known. To address this lacuna, we previously applied transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning to isolate individual rDNA units from chromosome 21. That approach revealed an unexpectedly high level of heterogeneity in human rDNA, raising the possibility of corresponding variations in ribosome dynamics. We have now applied the same strategy to analyze an entire rDNA array end-to-end from a copy of chromosome 22. Sequencing of TAR isolates provided the entire NOR sequence, including proximal and distal junctions that may be involved in nucleolar function. Comparison of the newly sequenced rDNAs to reference sequence for chromosomes 22 and 21 revealed variants that are shared in human rDNA in individuals from different ethnic groups, many of them at high frequency. Analysis infers comparable intra- and inter-individual divergence of rDNA units on the same and different chromosomes, supporting the concerted evolution of rDNA units. The results provide a route to investigate further the role of rDNA variation in nucleolar formation and in the empirical associations of nucleoli with pathology.

Nucleolar organizer region staining patterns in paraffin-embedded tissue cells from human skin cancers

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana F. Romao-Correa ◽  
Durvanei A. Maria ◽  
Mithitaka Soma ◽  
Mirian N. Sotto ◽  
Jose Antonio Sanches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Tissue Cells

Nucleologenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Nepomuceno-Mejía ◽  
Reyna Lara-Martínez ◽  
Roberto Hernández ◽  
María de Lourdes Segura-Valdez ◽  
Luis F. Jiménez-García
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Nucleolar Material

AbstractNucleolar assembly is a cellular event that requires the synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNA, in addition to the participation of pre-nucleolar bodies (PNBs) at the end of mitosis. In mammals and plants, nucleolar biogenesis has been described in detail, but in unicellular eukaryotes it is a poorly understood process. In this study, we used light and electron microscopy cytochemical techniques to investigate the distribution of nucleolar components in the pathway of nucleolus rebuilding during closed cell division in epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of American trypanosomiasis. Silver impregnation specific for nucleolar organizer regions and an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid regressive procedure to preferentially stain ribonucleoprotein revealed the conservation and dispersion of nucleolar material throughout the nucleoplasm during cell division. Furthermore, at the end of mitosis, the argyrophilic proteins were concentrated in the nucleolar organizer region. Unexpectedly, accumulation of nucleolar material in the form of PNBs was not visualized. We suggest that formation of the nucleolus in epimastigotes of T. cruzi occurs by a process that does not require the concentration of nucleolar material within intermediate nuclear bodies such as mammalian and plant PNBs.

Karyotype evolution and chromosome numbers in Chrysopsis (Nutt.) Ell. sensu Semple (Compositae–Astereae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Semple ◽  
C. C. Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

The karyotypes of all species of Chrysopsis were analysed and four basic complements were recognised. The X = 5 karyotype was possessed by all seven n = 5 species and consisted of three submetacentric and two acrocentric chromosomes, one bearing the nucleolar organizer region medially on its short arm. Each X = 4 species had a distinct karyotype. The n = 4 karyotype of C. mariana had diverged less from the X = 5 karyotype than that of C. pilosa. The X2 = 9 karyotype shared by three n = 9 taxa was found to be little more than a combination of the X = 5 karyotype and the X = 4 mariana karyotype and was therefore of allopolyploid origin. Some shifting in the location of the nucleolar organizer region has occurred in each group.

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