scholarly journals Evaluation of an Isolation Program of Hepatitis C Virus Infected Hemodialysis Patients in Some Hemodialysis Centers in Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin R. Soliman ◽  
Mohamed Momtaz Abd Elaziz ◽  
Mona I. El lawindi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
Universal Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Regular Hemodialysis

Introduction. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Several studies demonstrated nosocomial transmission of HCV among HD patients. Aim. We aimed to evaluate the isolation program of HCV seropositive patients among a group of Egyptian haemodialysis patients to decrease the incidence of HCV seroconversion. Methods. One hundred and fourteen HCV seronegative patients who were receiving regular haemodialysis in different four haemodialysis units in Egypt. The first group included forty six patients on regular hemodialysis in two centers following strict isolation of the HCV seropositive patients, and the second group included sixty eight patients on regular hemodialysis in the other two centers not following this strict isolation. All these patients were followed up over a period of 36 months. Results. There was a significantly higher incidence of HCV seroconversion of patients on hemodialysis in units not following strict isolation of HCV seropositive patients (42.9%) than those on regular hemodialysis in units following strict isolation (14.8%). Conclusions. In HD units with a high prevalence of HCV+ patients, strict isolation of HCV+ patients in combination with implementation of universal prevention measures can limit the spread of HCV infection in HD patients.

Prospective study of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients by monthly analysis of HCV RNA and antibodies

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Moreira ◽  
João Renato Rebello Pinho ◽  
Jorge Fares ◽  
Isabel Takano Oba ◽  
Maria Regina Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hcv Genotypes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Time Required

The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the prevalence and the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in hemodialysis patients in two different centers in São Paulo (Brazil), (ii) determine the time required to detect HCV infection among these patients by serology or PCR, (iii) establish the importance of alanine aminotransferase determination as a marker of HCV infection, and (iv) identify the HCV genotypes in this population. Serum samples were collected monthly for 1 year from 281 patients admitted to hospital for hemodialysis. Out of 281 patients, 41 patients (14.6%) were HCV positive; six patients seroconverted during this study (incidence = 3.1/1000 person-month). In 1.8% (5/281) of cases, RNA was detected before the appearance of antibodies (up to 5 months), and in 1.1% (3/281) of cases, RNA was the unique marker of HCV infection. The genotypes found were 1a, 1b, 3a, and 4a. The presence of genotype 4a is noteworthy, since it is a rare genotype in Brazil. These data pointed out the high prevalence and incidence of HCV infection at hemodialysis centers in Brazil and showed that routine PCR is fundamental for improving the detection of HCV carriers among patients undergoing hemodialysis.Key words: HCV genotypes, hemodialysis, hepatitis C, PCR, prevalence, incidence.

scholarly journals Characterization of Occult Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv) Infection among Hemodialysis Patient

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurul Fazlin Abdul Rahman ◽  
Hairul Aini binti Hamzah ◽  
Mohammed Imad Mustafa ◽  
Mohamed Hadzri Hasmoni
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Viral Rnas ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hepatitis C

Introduction: The existence of new entity called occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become a raising and escalating concern among healthcare professionals worldwide. It is defined by the presence of viral RNA in liver and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) within non HCV-infected patients. Previous study had shown the occult HCV is infectious and capable of transmitting the virus to another host. Till today, HCV infection remains common among hemodialysis patients despite having the best preventive plans. Because of this, there is a significant concern about the source of viral transmission. The aim of the study was to identify and characterize occult HCV infection in PBMC sample of hemodialysis patients. This was an observational and cross sectional study. Materials and method: PBMCs were isolated from the whole blood using Ficoll-gradient centrifugation technique. The PBMCs were then subjected for cell counting and stored in -70O C until further used. HCV RNA were extracted from these cells and viral RNA were subjected for molecular assays, immune cells analysis and cells culture. Results: PBMCs were isolated from eleven (11) study patients and five (5) anti-HCV positive (control) patients. By using automated flow cytometry, PBMCs of each sample were counted and the average number of cells obtained range from 2x104 to 5x106 cells/ ml. Viral RNAs were extracted and quantitatively measured by using NanoDrop Spectrophotometers. The viral RNAs concentration obtained were between 24.7 and 258.9 ng/ml. The RNAs would be subjected for purification (ethanol precipitation) and further assays. Conclusion: The final findings might contribute to the clinical management of dialysis patients.

scholarly journals Patient-Care Practices Associated with an Increased Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle Shimokura ◽  
Feng Chai ◽  
David J. Weber ◽  
Gregory P. Samsa ◽  
Guo-liang Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Care Practices

Objective.To identify patient-care practices related to an increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among chronic hemodialysis patients.Design.Survey.Setting.Chronic hemodialysis facilities in the United States.Participants.Equal-probability 2-stage cluster sampling was used to select 87 facilities from all Medicare-approved providers treating 30–150 patients; 53 facilities and 2,933 of 3,680 eligible patients agreed to participate.Methods.Patients were tested for HCV antibody and HCV RNA. Data on patient-care practices were collected using direct observation.Results.The overall prevalence of HCV infection was 9.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.2%–11.6%); only 2 of 294 HCV-positive patients were detected solely by HCV RNA testing. After adjusting for non-dialysis-related HCV risk factors, patient-care practices independently associated with a higher prevalence of HCV infection included reusing priming receptacles without disinfection (odds ratio [OR], 2.3 [95% CI, 1.4–3.9]), handling blood specimens adjacent to medications and clean supplies (OR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.3–3.6]), and using mobile carts to deliver injectable medications (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.0–2.8]). Independently related facility covariates were at least 10% patient HCV infection prevalence (OR, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.8–5.2]), patient-to-staff ratio of at least 7: 1 (OR, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.4–4.1]), and treatment duration of at least 2 years (OR, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.3–4.4]).Conclusions.This study provides the first epidemiologic evidence of associations between specific patient-care practices and higher HCV infection prevalence among hemodialysis patients. Staff should review practices to ensure that hemodialysis-specific infection control practices are being implemented, especially handling clean and contaminated items in separate areas, reusing items only if disinfected, and prohibiting mobile medication and clean supply carts within treatment areas.

scholarly journals P0330 HIGH PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS(HCV) INFECTION IN HOMELESS CAREGIVERS IN BALTIMORE

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S182
Author(s):  
K. B. Schwarz ◽  
B. Garrett ◽  
P. Y. Barnes ◽  
S. Ashe ◽  
Y. Bowser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals The Efficacy and Safety of Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir Fixed-Dose Combination in Iranian Hemodialysis Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasra Ghanaat ◽  
Heidar Sharafi ◽  
Seyed Moayed Alavian
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Severe Renal Impairment ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Virologic Response ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Patient Reported

Background: Although several regimens have been approved for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, sofosbuvir-based regimens are not approved for the treatment of HCV infection in patients with severe renal impairment. Methods: This study was conducted on 51 hemodialysis patients infected with HCV. The patients received a constant dose of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (SOF/DCV). Sustained virologic response (SVR) was evaluated 12 weeks after completion of treatment. The subjects were selected and treated with a combination of SOF/DCV. Eleven patients expired during the anti-HCV treatment due to causes not related to liver disease or antiviral therapy. Results: Finally, 40 patients finished the treatment, and 36 cases were evaluated for SVR. Among those tested for SVR, 35 (97.2%, 95% CI: 85.5 - 99.9%) achieved SVR and one (2.8%, 95% CI: 0.1 - 14.5%) relapsed. No patient reported severe adverse events. Conclusions: The combination of SOF/DCV showed great efficacy and safety in hemodialysis patients with severe renal impairment and chronic HCV infection.

scholarly journals Antibodies against non-structural c100/3 and structural core antigen of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hemodialysis patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F.T. Yoshida ◽  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
B.O.M. Vanderborght ◽  
C.D. Rouzere ◽  
M.S. França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Two groups of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) maintenance were evaluated for their antibody response to non-structural c100/3 protein and structural core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Forty-six patients (Group 1) never presented liver abnormalities during HD treatment, while 52 patients (Group 2) had either current or prior liver enzyme elevations. Prevalence rates of 32.6% and 41.3% were found for anti-c100/3 and anti-HCV core antibodies, respectively, in patients with silent infections (Group 1). The rate of anti-c100/3 in patients of Group 2 was 71.15% and reached 86.5% for anti-HCV core antibodies. The recognition of anti-c100/3 and anti-core antibodies was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. A line immunoassay composed of structural and non-structural peptides was used as a confirmation assay. HBV infection, measured by the presence of anti-HBc antibodies, was observed in 39.8% of the patients. Six were HBsAg chronic carriers and 13 had naturally acquired anti-HBs antibodies. The duration of HD treatment was correlated with anti-HCV positivity. A high prevalence of 96.7% (Group 2) was found in patients who underwent more than 5 years of treatment. Our results suggest that anti-HCV core ELISA is more accurate for detecting HCV infection than anti-c100/3. Although the risk associated with the duration of HD treatment and blood transfusion was high, additional factors such as a significant non-transfusional spread of HCV seems to play a role as well. The identification of infective patients by more sensitive methods for HCV genome detection should help to control the transmission of HCV in the unit under study.

scholarly journals Predictive markers for hepatitis C virus infection among Brazilian inmates

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harnoldo Colares Coelho ◽  
Sabrina Alberti Nóbrega de Oliveira ◽  
Juliana Custódio Miguel ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Aguiar Oliveira ◽  
José Fernando de Castro Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Needle Sharing ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Inmates

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has quite high prevalence in the prison system, reaching rates of up to 40%. This survey aimed to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection and evaluate risk factors for this exposure among male inmates at the Ribeirão Preto Prison, State of São Paulo, Brazil, between May and August 2003. A total of 333 participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and underwent immunoenzymatic assaying to investigate anti-HCV. The prevalence of HCV infection among the inmates was 8.7% (95% CI: 5.7-11.7). The participants'mean age was 30.1 years, and the prevalence was predominantly among individuals over 30 years of age. Multivariate analysis showed that the variables that were independently associated with HCV infection were age > 30 years, tattooing, history of previous hepatitis, previous injection drug use and previous needle-sharing.

Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Between Hemodialysis Patients Sharing the Same Machine

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 609-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Sartor ◽  
Philippe Brunet ◽  
Sophie Simon ◽  
Catherine Tamalet ◽  
Yvon Berland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Hcv Transmission

AbstractAfter a patient acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in our unit, we performed epidemiologic and virologic investigations, including genotyping and phylogenetic analyses. The results provided evidence for HCV transmission between two patients sharing the same machine and suggested possible transmission via accidental contamination of the venous pressure monitoring system.

scholarly journals High Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Antibody in Breast Cancer Patients in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117822342110024
Author(s):  
Osama Hussein ◽  
Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany ◽  
Mawadda Omran ◽  
Ghadier Matariek ◽  
Esraa Ahmed Elbadaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a known risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Several epidemiological studies have pointed out to an association of HCV infection with other extrahepatic malignancies. The role of chronic HCV in breast cancer causation is less clear. Egypt is an endemic area of HCV infection with resulting significant morbidity. The association between HCV status and breast cancer risk in Egyptian women is hitherto unknown. Methods: A retrospective study was performed. The prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity was estimated in a sample of women with a breast cancer diagnosis, retrieved from the hospital records, and was compared to the raw data of a population study in Egypt. Anti-HCV negative and positive patients were compared regarding the disease course and outcome. Results: Retrospective analysis revealed a markedly high prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity in young breast cancer patients. In patients younger than 45 years, 13.4% were anti-HCV positive. Seropositivity was 6-fold higher in these patients than in adult females of the same age without cancer diagnosis ( P = .003). The biological type, tumor size, nodal status, and disease-free survival were not affected by the patients’ HCV status. Conclusion: Young Egyptian breast cancer patients have a dramatically high prevalence of HCV seropositivity. Further population studies are strongly required to investigate the epidemiological association of these two significant health problems.

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