Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Coward
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Linguistic Representation

This concluding chapter argues that Indians were portrayed in a number of ways across the last decades of the nineteenth century, most of them following familiar stereotypes and patterns of visual and linguistic representation. In general, the pictorial press represented Indians as racial outsiders and cultural curiosities, usually in an “us versus them” manner where Euro-American standards and values were the norm and Indian standards and values were abnormal and thus deviant. This was a journalistic form of racial simplification and cultural “othering” that almost always separated Indians from whites. This separation, in turn, was the inevitable result of nineteenth-century ideas about race and racial difference and it played out in the pictorial press in Indian images that made Indians nearly always appear “Indian” to one degree or another.

A Discussion of Jessica Blatt's Race and the Making of American Political Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 808-809
Author(s):  
James Farr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
Civic Discourse ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
American Political Science

In Race and the Making of American Political Science, Jessica Blatt argues that the professionalization of the discipline was deeply entwined with ideas about racial difference, and the concomitant attempt by leading scholars to define and defend a system of racial hierarchy in the United States and beyond. Although it focuses on the period from the late nineteenth century through the 1930s, the book also raises fundamental questions about the historical legacy of racialist arguments for professional political science, the extent of their continuing resonance, and contemporary implications for both academic and broader civic discourse. We have asked a range of leading political scientists to consider and respond to Professor Blatt’s important call for scholarly self-reflexivity.

“THE INEFFACEABLE CURSE OF CAIN”: RACE, MISCEGENATION, AND THE VICTORIAN STAGING OF IRISHNESS

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Boltwood
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Irish Identity

THROUGHOUT THE NINETEENTH CENTURY both the English popular and scientific communities increasingly argued for a distinct racial difference between the Irish Celt and the English Saxon, which conceptually undermined the Victorian attempt to form a single kingdom from the two peoples. The ethnological discourse concerning Irish identity was dominated by English theorists who reflect their empire’s ideological necessity; thus, the Celt and Saxon were often described as racial siblings early in the nineteenth century when union seemed possible, while later descriptions of the Irish as members of a distant or degenerate race reflect the erosion of public sympathy caused by the era of violence following the failed revolt of 1848. Amid this deluge of scientific discourse, the Irish were treated as mute objects of analysis, lacking any opportunity for formal rejoinder; nonetheless, these essentially English discussions of racial identity and Irishness also entered into the Irish popular culture.

A Discussion of Jessica Blatt's Race and the Making of American Political Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-807
Author(s):  
Natalie Masuoka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
Civic Discourse ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
American Political Science

In Race and the Making of American Political Science, Jessica Blatt argues that the professionalization of the discipline was deeply entwined with ideas about racial difference, and the concomitant attempt by leading scholars to define and defend a system of racial hierarchy in the United States and beyond. Although it focuses on the period from the late nineteenth century through the 1930s, the book also raises fundamental questions about the historical legacy of racialist arguments for professional political science, the extent of their continuing resonance, and contemporary implications for both academic and broader civic discourse. We have asked a range of leading political scientists to consider and respond to Professor Blatt’s important call for scholarly self-reflexivity.

A Discussion of Jessica Blatt's Race and the Making of American Political Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-804
Author(s):  
Ange-Marie Hancock Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
Civic Discourse ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
American Political Science

In Race and the Making of American Political Science, Jessica Blatt argues that the professionalization of the discipline was deeply entwined with ideas about racial difference, and the concomitant attempt by leading scholars to define and defend a system of racial hierarchy in the United States and beyond. Although it focuses on the period from the late nineteenth century through the 1930s, the book also raises fundamental questions about the historical legacy of racialist arguments for professional political science, the extent of their continuing resonance, and contemporary implications for both academic and broader civic discourse. We have asked a range of leading political scientists to consider and respond to Professor Blatt’s important call for scholarly self-reflexivity.

A Discussion of Jessica Blatt's Race and the Making of American Political Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-802
Author(s):  
Rogers M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
Civic Discourse ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
American Political Science

In Race and the Making of American Political Science, Jessica Blatt argues that the professionalization of the discipline was deeply entwined with ideas about racial difference, and the concomitant attempt by leading scholars to define and defend a system of racial hierarchy in the United States and beyond. Although it focuses on the period from the late nineteenth century through the 1930s, the book also raises fundamental questions about the historical legacy of racialist arguments for professional political science, the extent of their continuing resonance, and contemporary implications for both academic and broader civic discourse. We have asked a range of leading political scientists to consider and respond to Professor Blatt’s important call for scholarly self-reflexivity.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farish A. Noor ◽  
Peter Carey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Identity And Difference ◽  
The Way

This collection of essays revisits the colonial wars that were fought across Southeast Asia throughout the nineteenth century and studies them through the lenses of racial difference as it was understood at the time. The authors have chosen to bring to the fore the manner in which understandings of racial identity and difference were instrumental in the way in which the colonial powers viewed their local adversaries, and argue that the wars that were fought during that century need to be understood as race wars as well. In the course of these conflicts – some small and some on a much larger scale – essentialised and reductive racial identities were also being constructed; and in some instances borrowed and internalised by the native Southeast Asian communities as well.

The ‘General Language’ and the Social Status of the Indian in Brazil, Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA DAHER
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Portuguese Empire ◽  
The Social

This chapter focuses on the uses of language in successive historical strategies in Brazil. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, the Tupi language was the main vehicle for the catechising work of the Jesuits, a precondition for the conduction of the Indian to the mystical body of the Portuguese empire; from 1758 onwards, Portuguese was imposed as the sole official language for the integration of the Indian as a vassal of the Portuguese king; and in the nineteenth century, Tupi became nationalised for literary and scientific purposes. In each moment, different figures of Indian otherness were traced, from the Jesuits' other as ‘the same’ or ‘fellow man’, to the other as ‘cultural difference’ or ‘racial difference’ in the civilising projects of the Brazilian empire.

“The Most Striking Circumstance”

Hybrid Hate ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 76-98
Author(s):  
Tudor Parfitt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Color Spectrum ◽  
Racial Hierarchies

The nineteenth century witnessed the development of a bitter struggle between monogenists and polygenists. Polygenists increasingly looked for confirmation of racial hierarchies and signs of racial immutability in physiological indicators. Change in color within a race seemed to be an unanswerable proof of the effect of nature on racial characteristics and seemed to offer an explanation of racial difference. The color change of Jews from white to black was the best example of this, and increasingly black Jewish communities became the proof monogenists needed of the unitary origins of humankind. James Cowles Prichard was the leading British monogenist, and he was among the first to perceive that the color spectrum in Jews was the strongest weapon in the monogenist armory.

The Polish Pocahontas Story: The Life of „the First Pole among the American Indians” According to Bolesław Zieliński

Tekstualia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (57) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Marek Paryż
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Indian Woman ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Love Relationship

The Polish Pocahontas Story: The Life of „the First Pole among the American Indians” According to Bolesław Zieliński In the inter-war years, so-called „Indian novels” enjoyed immense popularity with the younger Polish reading audience. The article analyzes a representative novel in this genre, Orli Szpon (Eagle Talon) by Bolesław Zieliński, as an example of a literary construction of Polishness based on a specifi c idea of racial difference. Its plot revolves around a love relationship between a Polish man and an Indian woman, therefore it brings to mind the story of Pocahontas as an important analogue. Reading Orli Szpon in the light of the colonialist implications of the story of Pocahontas shows the extent to which Zieliński’s novel relies on the schematic and biased imaginings about American Indians that dated back the colonial era and dominated American depictions of the Natives in the course of the nineteenth century.

Nineteenth-Century Racial Thought and Whitman's "Democratic Ethnology of the Future"

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
American Identity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Racial Thought ◽  
Typical American

Whitman's apparently positive depictions of racial others are intepreted in the light of his assumptions about biological indicators of racial identity and the role literature plays in recording that identity. Part one demonstrates that in the context of nineteenth-century racial thought a poem like "Salut au Monde!" seems directed less toward celebrating cultural diversity and more toward indicating the less-evolved status of other races compared to Americans. Whitman cannot describe the typical American as fulsomely as he can others, however, who serve in his poems as models of racy individuality-however backward they may seem. Part two therefore looks at Whitman's examination of various "specimens" of American identity, such as Lincoln, and at the ironies and contradictions that frustrate this examination. The problem for Whitman was not racial difference (racial others being for him and his contemporaries known quantities) but racial sameness. What Whitman needs, then, is some symbolic means of bridging the gap between actual American diversity and the ideological imperative of American identity, and this he finds in the concept of similitude (adumbrated in "Song of Myself"). But Whitman's poetry offers resolutions unavailable (and undesirable) in American culture. Part three describes Whitman's cultural discontent, chiefly as expressed in Democratic Vistas, where he chastises Americans for their bodily grossness and bad manners and discusses what he calls "the democratic ethnology of the future," a racial solution to America's cultural problems.

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