An Examination of the Relationships Between Extant Dolomena Wenz, 1940, Doxander Wenz, 1940, Mirabilistrombus Kronenberg, 1998, Neodilatilabrum Dekkers, 2008 and Labiostrombus Oostingh, 1925 (Stromboidea: Neostromboidae: Strombidae)

The Festivus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Aart Dekkers ◽  
Stephen Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Character State ◽  
State Analysis

This paper presents an examination of the relationships between Dolomena, Doxander, Mirabilistrombus, Neodilatilabrum and Labiostrombus using character state analysis and maximum parsimony. Hypothesized relationships are presented through the introduction of definitions that bridge the understanding of the evolutionary relationships with the applied nomenclature. Dolomenini is introduced to incorporate two new subtribes: Dolomenina which combines parts of Dolomena ex Abbott (1960) and Labiostrombus; and Doxanderina, which encloses Doxander and Neodilatilabrum. Based on the generated phylogeny, Amabiliplicatus, Pacificus and Dominus are introduced, while Ministrombus is validated as monophyletic. The clustering of Neodilatilabrum and Doxander within Doxanderina, and the nesting of Labiostrombus within the Dolomenini are major revisions to Stromboid systematics.

Systematic implications of achene micromorphology in Carex section Hymenochlaenae (Cyperaceae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia J. Waterway
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Character State ◽  
Primitive Character ◽  
Modified Silica ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Parallel Development ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Epidermal Features

The structures of the achene epidermal cells and their included silica deposits are illustrated and described for 28 species that have been referred to Carex section Hymenochlaenae. On the basis of these epidermal features, there are anomalous species in nearly all of the subsections and sections that have been circumscribed by Kükenthal, Mackenzie, Ohwi, and Koyama. Furthermore, some species with nearly indistinguishable achene surface features have quite different overall morphologies and have traditionally been placed in different sections. Similarities in the structure of the silica deposits in the achene epidermal cells may result from the retention of the primitive character state in several different lineages or from parallel development of modified silica bodies or wall structures in different lineages. Levels of homoplasy appear to be too high to make these characters reliable indicators of evolutionary relationships in Carex section Hymenochlaenae.

The Phylogenetic Relationships of the Chinese and Vietnamese Waterfall frogs of the genus Amolops

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Orlov ◽  
Robert Murphy ◽  
Wanzhao Liu ◽  
Andre Ngo ◽  
Amy Lathrop
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Outgroup Species

AbstractRanid frogs of the genus Amolops occur in Southeast Asia and are typically found near waterfalls. Their phylogenetic relationships have not been resolved. We include 2,213 aligned nucleotide sites of the 12S, 16S and tRNAval gene regions of the mitochondrial DNA genome from 43 individuals of Chinese and Vietnamese Amolops, Huia, Hylarana, Meristogenys, Odorrana and Rana. The outgroup species were from the genera Chaparana, Limnonectes, Nanorana, and Paa. The data were analyzed within the framework of a refutationist philosophy using maximum parsimony. Four clades of waterfall frogs were resolved. Meristogenys was not resolved as the sister group to either Huia nor Amolops. The hypothesis of evolutionary relationships placed Amolops chapaensis and Huia nasica in the genus Odorrana.

scholarly journals Tiny Hoopoe-Like Birds From the Middle Eocene of Messel (Germany)

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 964-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Mayr
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Character State ◽  
A New Species ◽  
State Analysis

Abstract Tiny hoopoe-like birds of the extinct family Messelirrisoridae are among the predominant small perching birds in the Middle Eocene (ca. 49 million years ago) avifauna of Messel (Hessen, Germany). Members of the Messelirrisoridae are the earliest-known representatives of the hoopoe/wood-hoopoe lineage and are sister taxa of recent Upupidae (hoopoes) and Phoeniculidae (wood-hoopoes). Outgroup comparison with the Messelirrisoridae facilitates character-state analysis within the Phoeniculidae and Upupidae. In this study, I describe a new species, Messelirrisor grandis, which is the largest species of the Messelirrisoridae known so far.

Inferring a classification of the Adenophorea (Nematoda) from nucleotide sequences of the D3 expansion segment (26/28S rDNA)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne K Litvaitis ◽  
Jeffrey W Bates ◽  
W Duane Hope ◽  
Tom Moens
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Rdna Gene ◽  
Expansion Segment ◽  
Major Division

Nucleotide sequences of the D3 expansion segment of the 28S rDNA gene were used to reconstruct evolutionary relationships within the Adenophorea. Neighbor-joining and parsimony analyses of representatives of most major taxa revealed a paraphyletic Adenophorea (p = 0.0005). Within Adenophorea, the Enoplia, Enoplida, and Enoplina were paraphyletic (p = 0.0024, 0.0014, and 0.0120, respectively). A major division was evident within the Enoplida, with one lineage consisting of a basal Thoracostomopsidae and Enoplidae, and a second lineage consisting of Oncholaimidae and Encheliididae. Tripyloidina clustered close to the basal enoplid branch and formed a monophyletic taxon. Although appearing as paraphyletic in the maximum-parsimony and neighbor-joining trees, constraining Chromadoria and Chromadorida into monophyletic groups did not result in a longer tree. Within the Chromadoria, the order Desmodorida sensu Malakhov (1994) was paraphyletic. However, Desmodorida sensu Lorenzen (1994), which does not include Ceramonematidae, was monophyletic. Monhysterida formed a monophyletic order within Chromadoria, equivalent to Chromadorida and Desmodorida. The position of the Comesomatidae was tentatively identified among the Chromadorida, however, the possibility of their placement among the Monhysterida cannot be excluded completely.

Phylogeny of Braya and Neotorularia (Brassicaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trnL intron sequences

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne I Warwick ◽  
Ihsan A Al-Shehbaz ◽  
Connie Sauder ◽  
James G Harris ◽  
Marcus Koch
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Trnl Intron ◽  
The North

Sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the chloroplast trnL intron were used to examine the evolutionary relationships and generic delimitations of Braya, Neotorularia, Dichasianthus, and Sisymbriopsis. Several species, especially the North American - Asian Braya (= Neotorularia) humilis (C.A. Mey.) B.L. Rob., were previously assigned to more than one genus. Sequence data were obtained from all Braya species, except Braya pilosa Hook., seven species of Neotorularia, one of Dichasianthus, and two of Sisymbriopsis. Maximum parsimony analyses showed a poly phyletic origin for Neotorularia, with the genus split into three or four major clades. For both the ITS and trnL sequence data, three species (Neotorularia brachycarpa (Vassilcz.) Hedge & J. Léonard, Neotorularia gamosepala (Hedge) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz, and Neotorularia humilis (C.A. Mey.) Hedge & J. Léonard) fell within the Braya clade; Neotorularia korolkowii (Regel & Schmalh.) Hedge & J. Léonard formed a separate clade with Dichasianthus subtilissimus (Popov) Ovcz. & Yunussov, while Neotorularia torulosa (Desf.) Hedge & J. Léonard, Neotorularia contor tuplicata (Stephan ex Willd.) Hedge & J. Léonard, Neotorularia dentata (Freyn & Sint.) Hedge & J. Léonard, and Neotorularia tetracmoides (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Hedge & J. Léonard formed either one clade (trnL data) or two clades (ITS data). Sisymbriopsis was not monophyletic, although ITS and trnL data showed a weakly supported relationship between Sisymbriopsis mollipila (Maxim.) Botsch. and one of the Neotorularia clades. Except for Braya forrestii W.W. Sm., which is well supported as sister to the remainder of the Braya clade (ITS data), ITS and trnL sequences showed poor resolution within Braya. Additive ITS sequences indicated allopolyploid origins for Braya fernaldii Abbe, Braya longii Fernald, and three accessions of Braya glabella Richardson (all species with 2n = 56). Morphology and molecular data strongly suggest expanding Braya to include N. humilis, N. brachycarpa, and N. gamosepala; delimiting Neotorularia to include N. torulosa, N. contortuplicata, N. dentata, N. korolkowii, N. tetracmoides, D. subtilissimus, and S. mollipila; and revising Sisymbriopsis.Key words: Braya, Neotorularia, Dichasianthus, Sisymbriopsis, ITS, trnL, Brassicaceae.

Valence state analysis of elements by EPMA and its application

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
Chen Liqing ◽  
Liu Zuqin ◽  
Zhang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Valence State ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
State Analysis

Valence state analyses of Fe and Mn in oxides by EPMA have been reported in literature. In this paper, the effects of valence state on intensity ratios ILα/IKα and ILα/ILβ of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr and their oxides, and on intensity ratios ILβ2/ILα1 and ILγ1/ILα1 of Mo, Nb, Zr and their oxides were studied. It was observed that intensity ratios change with valence states in accordance with some regularities, and these effects could be utilized for analyzing the valence states of catalysts.Valence state analysis of elements by EPMA is based on the fact that changes in the states of valence electrons in the outer shells of an atom cause corresponding changes in line intensities. The M electrons of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr and the N electrons of Mo, Nb, Zr are valence electrons. Line Kα1,2 and six lines of L are produced from the transitions of K-L2,3 and L-M or L-N respectively.

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