Knot of the World

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Kirill Chepurin
Keyword(s):  
Political Theology ◽  
World History ◽  
Continental Philosophy ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Friedrich Schlegel ◽  
Conceptual Space ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

This essay re-reads German Idealism as a thinking oscillating between world-justification or theodicy, on the one hand, and the utopic or the non-place at which the world is delegitimized and even annihilated, on the other. For Hegel, world-history is theodicy: to think the way the world has been historically constructed or produced by spirit is to justify this world as necessarily the way it is. This essay calls it “the transcendental knot”: to think the possibility of the world is to justify it as necessary—a problem with which post-Kantian thinkers but also contemporary political theology and continental philosophy grapple. Through an analysis of the ultimate telos of the world and the subject’s striving in the world in Schelling, the late Fichte, and Friedrich Schlegel—as well as via such a-worldly concepts as the absolute, bliss, nothingness, God, chaos, and irony—this essay reconfigures German Idealism and Romanticism as spanning the conceptual space between two poles, world-annihilation and world-construction, and traces the ways in which these thinkers attempt to resolve the transcendental knot, or to think the way the world is without absolutizing it.

Ibn al-‘Arabi, Muhyi al-Din (1164–1240)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Robinson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Inner Experience ◽  
Divine Essence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
One And Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Southeast Spain ◽  
The Way

Ibn al-‘Arabi was a mystic who drew on the writings of Sufis, Islamic theologians and philosophers in order to elaborate a complex theosophical system akin to that of Plotinus. He was born in Murcia (in southeast Spain) in AH 560/ad 1164, and died in Damascus in AH 638/ad 1240. Of several hundred works attributed to him the most famous are al-Futuhat al-makkiyya (The Meccan Illuminations) and Fusus al-hikam (The Bezels of Wisdom). The Futuhat is an encyclopedic discussion of Islamic lore viewed from the perspective of the stages of the mystic path. It exists in two editions, both completed in Damascus – one in AH 629/ad 1231 and the other in AH 636/ad 1238 – but the work was conceived in Mecca many years earlier, in the course of a vision which Ibn al-‘Arabi experienced near the Kaaba, the cube-shaped House of God which Muslims visit on pilgrimage. Because of its length, this work has been relatively neglected. The Fusus, which is much shorter, comprises twenty-seven chapters named after prophets who epitomize different spiritual types. Ibn al-‘Arabi claimed that he received it directly from Muhammad, who appeared to him in Damascus in AH 627/ad 1229. It has been the subject of over forty commentaries. Although Ibn al-‘Arabi was primarily a mystic who believed that he possessed superior divinely-bestowed knowledge, his work is of interest to the philosopher because of the way in which he used philosophical terminology in an attempt to explain his inner experience. He held that whereas the divine Essence is absolutely unknowable, the cosmos as a whole is the locus of manifestation of all God’s attributes. Moreover, since these attributes require the creation for their expression, the One is continually driven to transform itself into Many. The goal of spiritual realization is therefore to penetrate beyond the exterior multiplicity of phenomena to a consciousness of what subsequent writers have termed the ‘unity of existence’. This entails the abolition of the ego or ‘passing away from self’ (fana’) in which one becomes aware of absolute unity, followed by ‘perpetuation’ (baqa’) in which one sees the world as at once One and Many, and one is able to see God in the creature and the creature in God.

Ethics, Science, and Poetry

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-144
Author(s):  
Robert Stern
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Normative Authority ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Ethical Demand ◽  
The Way

This chapter covers Chapters 10 and 11 of The Ethical Demand, which focus on how Løgstrup sees the demand in relation to science on the one hand, and poetry on the other. In relation to science, Løgstrup argues for a form of philosophy that might be seen to challenge the ‘anti-metaphysical’ assumptions of scientific thinking, particularly in the way his account attributes a kind of normative authority to the demand as standing in judgement over our actions. Løgstrup also considers how far certain kinds of scientific determinism might pose a challenge to ethics, arguing that this challenge can be resisted. In Chapter 11, Løgstrup asks whether poetry can have implications for ethics, suggesting poetry can break through the triviality in which our lives are often lived, thus making us properly attentive to the world that surrounds us, including other people.

scholarly journals De Gepredikte Jezus – De Prediking aangaande Jezus Christus tussen Theologie en Historie

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-290
Author(s):  
R. Bos
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Jesus ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

The preached Jesus - The preaching of Jesus between theology and historism This article deals with the tension between the preaching of the gospel of Jesus (the preached Jesus) as a source of joy on the one hand and the critical questions of the theologian (the historical Jesus) on the other. In this field of tension the question arises: who Jesus is to us at this point in time. The author deals briefly with these two approaches. He pleads for caution against a rigorous confessional or doctrinal approach on the one hand and on the other an approach in terms of which only the historically founded may be stated. The author searches for a way where justice is done to the view that in Jesus we are confronted with the world of God, but where historical criticism is also taken seriously. In this quest Barth and Marquardt are used as partners in dialogue. The admission that the Spirit creates a bridge between God and man, guards preaching against petrification and opens the way to meaningful creativity. The author accepts that preaching in itself provides no answer, but creates a space in which Christ himself may enter to speak. This presupposition prevents an arrogant theology. The preacher and congregation pray that the Spirit of God enters this space to speak. It does not result in vague content, but leads the preacher to speak in a careful and humble way on Christ. The space is guarded by the diligent scanning of the witnesses regarding Jesus and by anchoring them in the books of Moses, the prophets and David. Through this testimony God enters into our midst.

scholarly journals Co o człowieku mówi obłok, kamień i morze? Twórczość Janusza Stanisława Pasierba w praktyce szkolnej

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Paulina Osak
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
School Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

The article is an attempt to show the way of analysing the works of Pasierb as a regional phenomenon on the one hand, and a universal poet speaking in depth about our existence on the other. In my article I suggest the reading of Pasierb’s haiku in the school practice. Due to the implementation of hermeneutics as an interpretative method, the poems may interest the students and develop their reflection on the world.

scholarly journals Roman Virtues in the Christian Context of St Augustine’s De Civitate Dei

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
I. N. Buzykina
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
World History ◽  
Saint Augustine ◽  
Great Book ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

The topic of this paper is the continuity of major religious, moral and ethical concepts of Roman culture in following periods. These are the virtues of the citizen, namely virtus, fides and pietas — which distinguish the Roman citizen as a brave warrior, honest magistrate and pious pater familias. The central one was the duty to the City. Some traces of this tradition can be observed in the most influental sources of the Christian Patristic period, although the very intention of morals has changed: res publica, a common/communal duty, was replaced by the adoration of God. With the view to a representative research, De Civitate Dei by Saint Augustine, the most famous Christian treatise dealing with the state, civic rights, state religion, authority etc. was analyzed. On the one hand, this great book provides multiple suitable illustrations for almost every feature of the continuity between the Ancient pagan culture and Christian intellectual one. On the other hand, it isn’t just a plain comparison of loci classici in pagan and Christian context, one can find the origins of a completely new approach to the world history, which had had an influence on minds of further generations of Christian theologians in Middle Ages and later periods.

How do novels hang together? Characterization as registerial meta-stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
David Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Special Case ◽  
The Way

AbstractHow does a novel like Middlemarch cohere, since it is made up of at least two very different kinds of text, narrative on the one hand and dialogue on the other? In this paper, we look to two authorities: to literature, where authors seem to agree that it is consistency in voice that holds both narrators and characters together, and to linguistics, where a computerized corpus allows us to measure variation between and within characters. Where previous researchers found unsystematic variations, we find meta-stability: characters remain true to themselves only through variation. The way in which Dorothea addresses her future husband differs from the way she addresses her little sister in Chapter Five of Middlemarch but this is in turn a special case of differences between the way in which Dorothea addresses men and the way in which she addresses women. Such a difference serves to symbolically articulate a key theme of Eliot’s novel – the middle ground that every woman must occupy in the march from the world of our forefathers through that of our husbands to that of our children.

Platons Darlegung des Sokratischen ‚Umsonst‘ in den Dialogen der ersten Tetralogie (Euthyphron, Apologie, Kriton und Phaidon)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Andrés Quero-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

The author interprets the dialogues belonging to Plato’s first Tetralogy, i. e. Euthyphro, Apology, Crito and Phaedo, as a coherent whole, in which the concept of ‘gratuitousness’ plays the leading role. The expression ‘gratuitous’ does not mean here, however, ‘arbitrary’ or ‘as someone likes’ but rather ‘free’, ‘gratis’, ‘for nothing’. Based on such an interpretation the author discusses then the important similarities existing between – on the one hand – Plato’s metaphysics of ‘gratuitousness’ and – on the other hand – Meister Eckhart’s ‘mystics’ (in which the concept of ‘why-less’ being [wesen sunder warumbe] is crucial) and Schelling’s Philosophy of Identity (in which the concept of ‘absolute’ being plays the fundamental role). These three thinkers are all interested in the world as it is not merely for us or for something else – that is not in the world as it merely appears to someone under particular given conditions –, but in the world as it is in itself. However, this distinction between ‘appearances’ and ‘things-in-themselves’ is not to be thought as an epistemological but rather as an ethical or existential one, which is not related to the way how we ‘can know’ the world but rather to the way how we ‘should live’ in it.

scholarly journals The Role of Elected Scholars on Interfaith Harmony in Pakistan - A Research Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Dr. Hafiz Ghulam Anwar Azhari ◽  
Zahoor Alam
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

Islam is a humanity based religion and unity plays of a vital role in it. It is not possible for a humane person to deny the importance of unity for a better society. It is the one thing that leads the nations of the world in the way of progress and prosperity. On the other hand chaos and anarchy is such a curse that makes a nation fall into the depths of disgrace. No enemy needs to fight such nation to defeat it. Their own internal conflicts and chaos is enough to dismantle them. Unfortunately this egoism and prejudice has reached its climax among the Muslims of Pakistan. We have failed ourselves in building a balanced progressive and welfare society based on two nation theory. Witnessing this situation many scholars from different schools of thoughts have tried their best towards the progress of inter-Muslim harmony and tolerance. In this regard they have highlighted the evil effects of chaos and positivity of unity. They have also brought forward such advises both in speech and written through which damage caused by sectarianism can be handled.

The Retreat of Empires and the Global Advance of the Market

The 1970s ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Borstelmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
World History ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter places the United States in the 1970s in the context of world history. Because of the diversity of the Earth's societies in political and social development, all nations and peoples in this era did not march in lockstep with each other; as the Cold War and other conflicts revealed, trends around the globe at the time seemed to be heading in very different directions. But in retrospect, the chapter reveals the 1970s American story of moving simultaneously toward greater egalitarianism and toward greater faith in the free market fit with a similar pattern taking shape around the world, one emphasizing human rights and national self-determination, on the one hand, and the declining legitimacy of socialism and government management of economies, on the other.

scholarly journals Η κατάλυση της συμφιλίωσης από τη διαφορά της μετανεωτερικότητας

Conatus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Σπύρος Χαλβαντζής (Spyros Chalvantzis)
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

Main goal of this article is to present perceptions of the world of two different and meaningfully promiscuous ways of thinking: from the one hand the perception formed during the contemporary times and from the other the perception formed during ‘’post-histoire’’. What has to be firstly clarified regarding the matter of post-modern is that it does not fight against its modern ancestor. Post in postmodernity does not mean the replacement of modernity. In other words, post is not connected with a time period that has passed and be replaced with something novel. The entirely analysis goes all the way based upon Derrida’s Thought. To be more specific that means that the goal is the signalization of the differences between modernity and postmodernity without a breath of identification, conciliation or concordant connections but through the percept of complementarity. It is also anticipated to be clarified a model of historic perspective, during its progression social configurations are structured after this model has been firstly approached through the prism of Rousseau’s thought.

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