The First Report of Fusarium solani Causing Wilting in Cnidium officinale in Korea

China is the world's largest producer country of coptis (Coptis chinensis), the rhizomes of which are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Since 2008, however, root rot symptoms, including severe necrosis and wilting, have been observed on coptis plants in Chongqing, southwestern China. Of the plants examined from March 2011 to May 2013 in 27 fields, 15 to 30% were covered with black necrotic lesions. The leaves of infected plants showed wilt, necrotic lesions, drying, and death. The fibrous roots, storage roots, and rhizomes exhibited brown discoloration and progressive necrosis that caused mortality of the infected plants. Infected plants were analyzed to identify the causal organism. Discoloration of the internal vascular and cortical tissues of the rhizomes and taproots was also evident. Symptomatic taproots of the diseased coptis were surface sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, rinsed in sterile distilled water for 2 min, and then air-dried in sterilized atmosphere/laminar flow. Small pieces of disinfested tissue (0.3 cm in length) were transferred to petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 125 μg ml–1 streptomycin sulfate and 100 μg ml–1 ampicillin, and incubated for 5 days at 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod. Four distinct species of fungal isolates (HL1 to 4) derived from single spores were isolated from 30 plants with root rot symptoms collected from the study sites. To verify the pathogenicity of individual isolates, healthy coptis plants were inoculated by dipping roots into a conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) for 30 min (15 plants per isolate), as described previously (1). Inoculated plants were potted in a mixture of sterilized quartz sand-vermiculite-perlite (4:2:1, v/v) and incubated at 25/18°C and 85 to 90% relative humidity (day/night) in a growth chamber with a daily 16-h photoperiod of fluorescent light. Plants dipped in sterile distilled water were used as controls. After 15 days, symptoms similar to those observed in the field were observed on all plants (n = 15) that were inoculated with HL1, but symptoms were not observed on plants inoculated with HL2, HL3, and HL4, nor on control plants. HL1 was re-isolated from symptomatic plants but not from any other plants. Morphological characterization of HL1 was performed by microscopic examination. The septate hyphae, blunt microconidia (2 to 3 septa) in the foot cell and slightly curved microconidia in the apical cell, and chlamydospores were consistent with descriptions of Fusarium solani (2). The pathogen was confirmed to be F. solani by amplification and sequencing of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS) using the universal primer pair ITS4 and ITS5. Sequencing of the PCR product revealed a 99 to 100% similarity with the ITS sequences of F. solani in GenBank (JQ724444.1 and EU273504.1). Phylogenetic analysis (MEGA 5.1) using the neighbor-joining algorithm placed the HL1 isolate in a well-supported cluster (97% bootstrap value based on 1,000 replicates) with JQ724444.1 and EU273504.1. The pathogen was thus identified as F. solani based on its morphological and molecular characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the first report of root rot of coptis caused by F. solani in the world. References: (1) K. Dobinson et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 18:55, 1996. (2) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2006.

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First Report of Medical Tree Peony Root Rot Caused by Fusarium solani in Tongling, China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-12-0142-pdn ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 909-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Guo ◽

Y. M. Pan ◽

Z. M. Gao

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Tap Water ◽

Blood Stasis ◽

The United States ◽

Effective Control ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

Tree Peony ◽

First Report ◽

Peony Root

Tree peony bark, a main component of Chinese traditional medicine used for alleviating fever and dissipating blood stasis, is mainly produced in Tongling, China. Recently, tree peony cultivation in this area was seriously affected by root rot, with approximately 20 to 30% disease incidence each year. The disease severely affects yield and quality of tree peony bark. During the past 2 years, we collected 56 diseased tree peony plants from Mudan and Fenghuang townships in Tongling. We found reddish brown to dark brown root rot in mature roots, especially on those with injuries. Plant samples collected were disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite and isolations were conducted on potato sucrose agar (PSA). Eleven isolates were obtained and all had white fluffy aerial hypha on PSA. Two types of conidia were produced; the larger, reaphook-shaped ones had three to five septa and the smaller, ellipse-shaped ones had one or no septum. The reaphook-shaped conidia were 20.15 to 37.21 × 3.98 to 5.27 μm and the ellipse-shaped conidia were 6.02 to 15.52 × 2.21 to 5.33 μm in size. Chlamydospores were produced, with two to five arranged together. Biological characteristics of the fungi indicated that the optimum temperature for the mycelial growth on PSA was 25 to 30°C and the optimum pH range was 5.5 to 7.0. The above morphological characteristics point the fungal isolates to be Fusarium solani. To confirm pathogenicity, 30 healthy 1-year-old tree peony seedling plants were grown in pots (25 cm in diameter) with sterilized soil and a conidial suspension from one isolate (FH-1, 5 × 105 conidia/ml) was used for soil inoculation. Inoculated seedlings were maintained at 28°C in a greenhouse with a 12-h photoperiod of fluorescent light. Seedlings inoculated with distilled water were used as controls. After 3 weeks, the roots were collected and rinsed with tap water. Dark brown lesions were observed in the inoculated mature roots but not in the control roots. To confirm the identity of the pathogen, F. solani strains were reisolated from the lesions and total genomic DNA was extracted with the cetyltriethylammnonium bromide method from the mycelia of the reisolated strains (1). PCR was performed using the fungal universal primers ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) and ITS5 (5′-GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG-3′) to amplify a DNA fragment of approximately 590 bp. The purified PCR products were sequenced (Invitrogen Co., Shanghai, China) and shared 100% sequence identity with each other. A comparison of the sequence (JQ658429.1) by the Clustal_W program (2) with those uploaded in GenBank confirmed with the fungus F. solani (100% sequence similarity to isolate S-0900 from the Great Plains of the United States; EU029589.1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani causing medical tree peony root rot in China. The existence of this pathogen in China may need to be considered for developing effective control strategies. References: (1). C. N. Stewart et al. Biotechniques 14:748, 1993. (2). J. D. Thompson et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4673, 1994.

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First report of Chamaedorea cataractarum (Cat palm) wilt caused by Fusarium solani in Pakistan

Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s42161-019-00379-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 243-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Imran Ul Haq ◽

Siddra Ijaz ◽

Anjum Faraz ◽

Nabeeha Aslam Khan ◽

M. Zunair Latif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Solani ◽

First Report

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First report of Fusarium solani species complex as a causal agent of Erythrina variegata decline and death after gall formation by Quadrastichus erythrinae on Okinawa Island, Japan

Journal of General Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10327-017-0738-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 344-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keiko Kuroda ◽

Izumi Chuma ◽

Takeo Kihara ◽

Tsubasa Murakami ◽

Kuya Takashina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Solani ◽

Species Complex ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Gall Formation ◽

Okinawa Island ◽

First Report ◽

Fusarium Solani Species Complex ◽

Erythrina Variegata

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First Report of Tuber Rot Disease of Kala Zeera Caused by a Member of the Fusarium solani Species Complex in India

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-12-0148-pdn ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

pp. 1067-1067 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Gupta ◽

D. John ◽

V. K. Razdan ◽

S. K. Gupta

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Solani ◽

Species Complex ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

Potato Dextrose Broth ◽

First Report ◽

Fusarium Solani Species Complex ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Tuber Rot

Bunium persicum (Kala zeera, also black cumin) is an economically important culinary crop that is cultivated for its seed pods and its tuberlike roots. In India, high-altitude regions of Himachal Pradesh, including the Padder valley and the Gurez area of Jammu and Kashmir, are areas of kalazeera production (3). In 2008 to 2009, tuber rot disease of kala zeera was observed during the late spring season in the Padder valley. Symptomatic plants were distributed in localized areas in the field and the symptoms included drying of foliage and rotting of tubers. White mycelia were found on the tubers at the late stages of disease development. Incidence of infection in the surveyed area was 80 to 90%. Yield losses were 50 to 60%. To isolate the causal pathogen, we cultured tissues from symptomatic tubers. Small bits of the infected tissue were surface disinfested in 0.1% mercuric chloride, followed by rinsing three times in sterile distilled water. The surface disinfested tissues were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 27°C for 4 days. Pure cultures of the mycelium from the diseased tissues were transferred to a second set of PDA for species identification. The fungus produced three types of spores: small, one-celled, oval microconidia; large, slightly curved, septate macroconidia; and rounded, thick-walled chlamydospores. Microconidia were mostly non-septate and 8.91 to 15.73 × 2.3 to 3.5 μm, whereas macroconidia were three- to five-septate and were 35.55 to 54.74 × 3.91 to 6.5 μm. On the basis of morphological characteristics (1), the fungus was identified and deposited as a member of the Fusarium solani species complex in the Indian Type Culture Collection, New Delhi (ID No. 8422.11). To confirm pathogenicity, healthy tubers were submerged for 20 min in a conidial suspension of the isolated fungus (1 × 105 cfu/ml), which was prepared in potato dextrose broth, incubated for 10 days at 27°C, and centrifuged at 140 rpm. Noninoculated controls were submerged in distilled water. Inoculated and control tubers were then planted in separate pots filled with sterilized soil and kept in a shade house. Symptoms appeared on inoculated tubers 9 to 10 days after planting. Signs of the pathogen in the form of mycelia were present. The tubers rotted and died 12 to 15 days after inoculation. Control tubers did not display any symptoms. F. solani species complex was reisolated from inoculated tubers, fulfilling Koch's postulates. F. solani has been reported to cause corm rot on gladiolus and saffron (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the F. solani species complex as pathogenic to tubers of kalazeera in India. References: (1) C. Booth. The Genus Fusarium. 47, 1971. (2) L. Z. Chen et al. J. Shanghai Agric. College 12:240, 1994. (3) K. S. Panwar et al. Agriculture Situation in India. 48:151, 1993.

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First Report of Fusarium root rot in Asian Pear Caused by Fusarium solani in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-16-0998-pdn ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 252-252

Author(s):

L. W. Zhu ◽

X. M. Tang ◽

T. Y. Lin ◽

S. S. Zhou ◽

P. Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Fusarium Root Rot ◽

First Report ◽

Asian Pear

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First Report of Fusarium solani on Utah Sweetvetch in the United States

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-12-0789-pdn ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 423-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Uppala ◽

B. M. Wu ◽

T. N. Temple

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Apical Cell ◽

The United States ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

Soil Dna ◽

First Report ◽

Fungal Isolates

Utah sweetvetch (Hedysarum boreale Nutt.) is a native American perennial nitrogen fixing legume used mainly in rangeland reclamation, soil rejuvenation, and erosion control. In June 2011, a field of Utah sweetvetch grown for seeds in central Oregon had approximately 15% of the plants exhibiting chlorosis, defoliation, stunting, wilting, and/or death. Dissection of the crown of symptomatic plants revealed discolored pinkish brown vascular tissue. Symptomatic tissues from six random plants were surface sterilized, placed on acidified potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, and cultured for 7 days at room temperature, which allowed six fungal isolates (SS1 through SS6) to be collected. On PDA, all six isolates had rapid, creamy white colored growth. Based on observations of 1-week-old isolates, microconidia were oval to kidney shaped, single celled, 8 to 10 × 2.5 to 4 μm, and formed at the tips of long unbranched monophialides. Macroconidia were three to four septate, cylindrical to slightly curved, with characteristic foot shaped basal cell and blunt apical cell, 37 to 49 × 4.4 to 5.3 μm. Chlaymydospores observed were 8.5 to 11 × 7.6 to 9 μm. Based on fungal references (1,2,3), the isolates were identified as Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. Identification of the isolates at the molecular level was determined by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using PCR and amplicon sequencing. Botrytis cinerea and F. graminearum cultures were used as controls for the extraction, amplification, and sequencing steps. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelia using protocols of the MOBIO Ultraclean Soil DNA Isolation Kit (MO-BIO Laboratories Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA). PCR was performed using ITS1/ITS4 primers and resulted in 563- to 573-bp amplicons, which were sequenced. Analysis of the ITS sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. JX524018 to JX524023) for the six fungal isolates using BLASTn revealed a 99% sequence identity with F. solani strains (AB470903, AB513851, AJ608989, EF152426, EU029589, and HM214456). Pathogenicity was confirmed on Utah sweetvetch plants in the greenhouse. Seeds of Utah sweetvetch were first plated on acidified PDA for germination; healthy seedlings were then selected and transplanted into pots with sterilized soil after 2 weeks of growth. The plants were kept in a greenhouse at Central Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Madras, Oregon. Ten 40-day-old healthy vetch plants were inoculated by drenching with a mixed conidial suspension (107 conidia/ml) of the six F. solani isolates. Ten plants drenched with sterile distilled water were included as controls. Symptoms of chlorosis and stunting similar to those in the commercial field were observed within 30 days of inoculation on 8 of 10 inoculated plants, while control plants were symptomless. Fungal isolates identical to F. solani were reisolated from the symptomatic plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani on Utah sweetvetch plants. References: (1) C. Booth. The Genus Fusarium. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1971. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium species: An illustrated manual for identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press, USA, 1983. (3) H. I. Nirenberg. A simplified method for identifying Fusarium spp. occurring on wheat. Can. J. Bot. 59:1599, 1980.

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