scholarly journals Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Complex infection in Acquired Immunedeficiency Syndrome patient

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Kumar Mada ◽  
Smitha Maruvada ◽  
Andrew Stevenson Joel Chandranesan
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Compliant Patient ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare ◽  
One Year

In the United States, the most common non-tuberculous species causing human diseases are slowly growing species; Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium kansasii and rapidly growing species; Mycobacterium abscessus. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy and MAC prophylaxis, disseminated MAC disease is seen infrequently. We report a case of 33-Year-old HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), non-compliant patient presented with disseminated MAC disease. Sputum AFB smear, culture, and Bone marrow biopsy revealed Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare by DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) probe. Following confirmation, he was initiated on Clarithromycin, Ethambutol and Rifabutin for one year of duration with follow up as outpatient.

scholarly journals Mycobacteriosis treatment challenges in patients with HIV-infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
M. A. Savchenko ◽  
A. M. Panteleev
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Over the past decade, in Russian Federation there has been a steady increase in the incidence of MAC-infection in patients with HIV (the growth of nosology over the past five years, on average, was 57% per year). This determines the interest in this problem, especially in terms of the high inefficiency of treatment for the disease, the long term and cost of treatment. The history of the study of Mycobacterium Avium Complex-infection (MAC) originates in the early eighties in the United States, when the prognosis for a patient with AIDS and mycobacteriosis was extremely poor: mortality within one year after the detection of pathogen reached 71%. The role of infection in the thanatogenesis of patients was, however, established only by the beginning of the nineties. The detection of macrolide activity against the pathogen significantly improved the prognosis for patients, especially in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy. The widespread introduction of antiviral drugs into practice and the ability to achieve immune reconstitution prevented the development of opportunistic infections, but did not solve the remaining issues of the treatment of the MAC-infection. The main one is the treatment of patients with a clarithromycin-resistant pathogen. There is no consensus on the sensitivity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria to antibacterials.

scholarly journals A Case Report of Mycobacterium Avium Complex Peritonitis in an AIDS Patient

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihenew Negatu ◽  
Eyasu Mekonen
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

Peritonitis due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is uncommon. The risk for MAC in AIDS patients is greatest in those with severely depressed CD4 count. The organs most commonly involved in disseminated MAC infection include spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and intestines. The involvement of peritoneum by MAC infection is rare. This is a case of MAC peritonitis in a 26-year-old female AIDS patient who is noncompliant to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This patient presented with abdominal pain and distension, anorexia, diarrhea, and cough. She was treated with rifabutin, clarithromycin, and ethambutol along with atovaquone for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis and so the patient’s condition improved. MAC peritonitis should be considered in a patient presenting with nonspecific abdominal symptoms in the setting of AIDS and low CD4 count.

scholarly journals Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex in an adolescent with perinatally-acquired HIV infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul I. Hariadi ◽  
R. Alexander Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

<em>Mycobacterium avium complex</em> (MAC) is the most frequent nontuberculous mycobacteria implicated in opportunistic infections that define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. With highly active antiretroviral therapy, disseminated MAC (dMAC) has become a rare entity. This unique case of dMAC was diagnosed in an adolescent with newly diagnosed perinatally- acquired HIV infection whose initial CD4 cell count was severely depleted and viral load was extremely high. While maximized treatment regimen had not been able to control his dMAC, improvement was noted when granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was added. GM-CSF should be considered as an adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory dMAC.

Aortic Graft Infection With Mycobacterium Avium Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Ali Shaikh ◽  
Lisa F. Bennett ◽  
Melissa L. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Aortic Surgery ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Aortic Graft ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Aortic Graft Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Aortic graft infections are uncommon complications after endovascular aortic surgery. In the majority of cases, gram-positive and then gram-negative organisms are the causative agents leading to this condition. Atypical organisms are traditionally not responsible for graft infection unless the patient is immunocompromised. We are reporting a case of culture-confirmed mycobacterium avium complex infection of an aortic graft in a well-controlled patient with HIV who had an undetected viral load and a CD4 count of 324 while on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

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